Contrasting biogeochemical characteristics of the Oubangui River and tributaries (Congo River basin)

Scientific Reports

Volumn 4, Issue , 2014, Pages

  Bouillon, Steven ^a   Yambélé, Athanase ^b   Gillikin, David P ^c   Teodoru, Cristian ^a   Darchambeau, François ^d   Lambert, Thibault ^d   Borges, Alberto V ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEUVEN   (Belgium)

^b Service de l'Agrométéorologie et de Climatologie Direction de la Météorologie Nationale   (Central African Republic)

^c UNION COLLEGE   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF LIÈGE   (Belgium)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84903143724     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20452322     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/srep05402     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Cole, J. J. et al. Plumbing the global carbon cycle: Integrating inland waters into the terrestrial carbon budget. Ecosystems 10, 171-184 (2007). (Pubitemid 46825795)
2. Bastviken, D. et al. Freshwater methane emissions offset the continental carbon sink. Science 33, 50 (2011).
3. Raymond, P. A. et al. Global carbon dioxideemissions from inlandwaters. Nature 503, 355-359 (2013).
4. Ludwig, W., Probst, J. L. & Kempe, S. Predicting the oceanic input of organic carbon by continental erosion. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 10, 23-41 (1996).
5. Schlünz, B. & Schneider, R. R. Transport of terrestrial organic carbon to the oceans by rivers: re-estimating flux and burial rates. Int. J. Earth Sci. 88, 599-606 (2000). (Pubitemid 30247607)
6. Aufdenkampe, A. K. et al. Riverine coupling of biogeochemical cycles between land, oceans, and atmosphere. Front. Ecol. Environ. 9, 53-60 (2011).
7. 2 consumption in the Congo and Amazon river basins. Appl. Geochem. 9, 1-13 (1994).
8. Négrel, P. et al. Erosion sources determined by inversion of major and trace element ratios and strontium isotopic ratios in river water: the Congo Basin case. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 120, 59-79 (1993).
9. Seyler, P. & Elbaz-Poulichet, F. Biogeochemical control on the temporal variability of trace element concentrations in the Oubangui river (Central African Republic). J. Hydrol. 180, 319-332 (1996).
10. Coynel, A. et al. Spatial and seasonal dynamics of total suspended sediment and organic carbon species in the Congo River. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 19, GB4019 (2005).
11. Laraque, A. et al. A review of material transport by the Congo River and its tributaries. Hydrol. Process. 23, 3216-3224 (2009).
12. Seyler, P. et al. Concentrations, fluctuations saisonnières et flux de carbonne dans le bassin du Congo. Grands Bassins Fluviaux (ORSTOM, Paris, 1995).
13. Mariotti, A. et al. Carbon isotope composition and geochemistry of particulate organic matter in the Congo River (Central Africa): application to the study of Quaternary sediments off the mouth of the river. Chem. Geol. 86, 345-357 (1991).
14. Spencer, R. G. M. et al. Temporal controls on dissolved organic matter and lignin biogeochemistry in a pristine tropical river, Democratic Repblic of Congo. J. Geophys. Res. 115, G03013, doi:10.1029/2009JG001180 (2010).
15. Spencer, R. G. M. et al. An initial investigation into the organic matter biogeochemistry of the Congo River. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 84, 614-627 (2012).
16. Wang, Z. A. et al. Inorganic carbon speciation and fluxes in the Congo River. Geophys Res Lett 40, doi: 10.002/grl.50160 (2013).
17. Bouillon, S. et al. Organic matter sources, fluxes and greenhouse gas exchange in the Oubangui River (Congo River basin). Biogeosciences 9, 2045-2062; doi:10.5194/bg-9-2045-2012 (2012).
18. Laraque, A. et al. Impact of lithological and vegetal covers on flow discharge and water quality of Congolese tributaries of the Congo River. Rev. Sci. Eau 11, 209-224 (1998). (Pubitemid 28456574)
19. Mann, P. J. et al. The biogeochemistry of carbon across a gradient of streams and rivers within the Congo Basin. J. Geophys. Res. doi:10.1002/ 2013JG002442 (in press).
20. 2. Nature 416, 617-620 (2002). (Pubitemid 34406758)
21. Mayorga, E. & Aufdenkampe, A. [Processing of bioactive elements inthe Amazon River system]. The Ecohydrology of South American Rivers and Wetlands [McClain, M.E. (ed)] [1-24 ](IAHS Press, Wallingford, UK, 2002).
22. Helms, J. R. et al. Absorption spectral slopes and slope ratios as indicators of molecular weight, source, and photobleaching of chromophoric dissolved organic matter. Limnol. Oceanogr. 53, 955-969 (2008). (Pubitemid 351821693)
23. Peuravuori, J. & Pihlaja, K. Molecular size distribution and spectroscopic properties of aquatic humic substrances. Anal. Chim. Acta 337, 133-149 (1997). (Pubitemid 27046497)
24. Spencer, R. G. M., Butler, K. D. & Aiken, G. R. Dissolved organic carbon and chromophoric dissolved organic matter properties of rivers in the USA. J. Geophys. Res. 117, G03001, doi:10.1029/2011JG001928 (2012).
25. Aiken, G. R. et al. Isolation of hydrophobic organic-acids from water using nonionic macroporous resins. Org. Geochem. 18, 567-573 (1992).
26. McKnight, D. M. & Aiken, G. R. [Sources and age of aquatic humus]. Aquatic Humic Substances [Hessen, D. & TranvikL. (eds)] [9-39] (Springer, Berlin, 1998).
27. Cory, R. M. et al. Chemical characteristics of fulvic acids from Arctic surface waters:Microbial contributions and photochemical transformations. J. Geophys. Res. 112, G04S51, doi:10.1029/2006JG000343 (2007). (Pubitemid 351314169)
28. Spencer, R. G. M. et al. Utilizing chromophoric dissolved organic matter measurements to derive export and reactivity of dissolved organic carbon exported to the Arctic Ocean: A case study of the Yukon River, Alaska. Geophys. Res. Lett. 36, L06401, doi:10.1029/2008GL036831 (2009).
29. Yamashita, Y. et al. Optical characterization of dissolved organic matter in tropical rivers of the Guayana Shield, Venezuela. J. Geophys. Res. 115, G00F10, doi:10.1029/2009JG000987 (2010).
30. Mann, P. J. et al. Controls on the composition and lability of dissolved organic matter in Siberia's Kolyma River basin. J. Geophys. Res. 117, G01028, doi:10.1029/2011JG001798 (2012).
31. Hernes, J. P. et al. The role of hydrologic regimes on dissolved organic carbon composition in an agricultural watershed. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 72, 5266-5277 (2008).
32. Kohn, M. J. Carbon isotope compositions of terrestrial C3 plants as indicators of (paleo)ecology and (paleo)climate. PNAS 107, 19691-19695 (2010).
33. Cerling, T. E., Hart, J. A. & Hart, T. B. Stable isotope ecology of the Ituri Forest. Oecologia 138, 5-12 (2004). (Pubitemid 38161930)
34. Milliman, D. J. & Farnsworth, L. K. River discharge to the coastal ocean: a global synthesis (Cambridge University Press, 2011).
35. Tamooh, F. et al. Distribution and origin of suspended matter and organic carbon pools in the Tana River Basin, Kenya. Biogeosciences 9, 2905-2920; DOI:10.5194/bg-9-2905-2012 (2012).
36. Meybeck, M. Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus transport by world rivers. Am. J. Sci. 282, 401-450 (1982). (Pubitemid 12083513)
37. Garrels, R. M. & Mackenzie, F. T. Evolution of Sedimentary Rocks (W.W. Norton, New York, 1971).
38. Meybeck, M. Global chemical weathering of surficial rocks estimated from river dissolved loads. Am. J. Sci. 287, 401-428 (1987). (Pubitemid 17604982)
39. Gaillardet, J., Dupré, B. & Allègre, C. J. A global mass budget applied to the Congo Basin rivers: erosion rates and continental crust composition. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 59, 3469-3485 (1995). (Pubitemid 26438795)
40. Tamooh, F. et al. Dynamicsofdissolved inorganic carbon and aquatic metabolism in the Tana River Basin, Kenya. Biogeosciences 10, 6911-6928; DOI:10.5194/bg-10-6911-2013 (2013).
41. Mook, W. G. & Tan, F. C. [Stable carbon isotopes in rivers and estuaries]. Biogeochemistry of Major World Rivers [Degens, E.T., Kempe, S. & Richey, J.E. (eds)] [245-264] (John Wiley, Hoboken, N. J., 1991).
42. Mayorga, E. et al. Young organic matter as a source of carbon dioxide outgassing from Amazonian rivers. Nature 436, 538-541 (2005). (Pubitemid 41112924)
43. Ellis, E. E. et al. Factors controlling water-column respiration in rivers of the central and southwestern Amazon Basin. Limnol. Oceanogr. 57, 527-540 (2012).
44. Lauerwald, R. et al. What controls the spatial patterns of the riverine carbonate system? A case study for North America. Chem. Geol. 337-338, 114-127 (2013).
45. Marwick, T. R. et al. Dynamic seasonal nitrogen cycling in response to anthropogenic N-loading in a tropical catchment, the Athi-Galana-Sabaki River, Kenya. Biogeosciences 11, 443-460; DOI:10.5194/bg-11-443-2014 (2014).
46. Koné, Y. J. M. et al. Seasonal variability of methane in the rivers and lagoons of Ivory Coast (West Africa). Biogeochemistry 100, 21-37 (2010).
47. Bouillon, S. et al. Distribution, origin and cycling of carbon in the Tana River (Kenya): a dry season basin-scale survey from headwaters to the delta. Biogeosciences 6, 2475-2493; DOI:10.5194/bg-6-2475-2009 (2009).
48. Baulch, H. M. et al. Nitrogen enrichment and the emissons of nitrous oxide from streams. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 25, GB4013 (2011).
49. Regnier, P. et al. Anthropogenic perturbation of the carbon fluxes from land to ocean. Nature Geosc 6, 597-607 (2013).
50. Duveiller, G. et al. Deforestation in Central Africa: estimates at regional, national and landscape levels by advanced processing of systematically-distributed Landsat extracts. Remote Sens. Environm. 112, 1969-1981 (2008).
51. Brugière, D., Sakom, D. & Gautier-Hion, A. The conservation significance of the proposed Mbaéré-Bodingué national park, Central African Republic, with special emphasis on its primate community. Biodiversity and Conservation 14, 505-522 (2005). (Pubitemid 40383725)
52. Milesi, J. P. et al. An overview of the geology and major ore deposits of Central Africa: Explanatory note for the 1:4, 000, 000 map ''Geology and major ore deposits of Central Africa''. J. Afr. Earth Sci. 44, 571-595 (2006).
53. Abril, G., Commarieu, M. V. & Guérin, F. Enhanced methane oxidation in an estuarine turbidity maximum. Limnol. Oceanogr. 52, 470-475 (2007). (Pubitemid 46972155)
54. Millero, F. J. The thermodynamics of the carbonic acid system in seawater. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 43, 1651-1661 (1979).
55. 2 system calculations (Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 1998). Available online at http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/co2rprt.html, accessed February 2014.
56. 13C of dissolved inorganic carbon using a simple modification of an elemental analyzer-isotope ratio mass spectrometer (EA-IRMS): an evaluation. Rapid Comm. Mass Spectrom. 21, 1475-1478 (2007). (Pubitemid 46663687)
57. Weiss, F. R. & Price, B. A. Nitrous oxide solubility in water and seawater. Mar. Chem. 8, 347-359 (1980). (Pubitemid 10150957)
58. Yamamoto, S., Alcauskas, J. B. & Crozier, T. E. Solubility of methane in distilled water and seawater. J. Chem. Eng. Data 21, 78-80 (1976).
59. Johannessen, S. C. & Miller, W. L. Quantum yield for the photochemical production of dissolved inorganic carbon in seawater. Mar. Chem. 76, 271-283 (2001). (Pubitemid 33141687)