Introduction to Homeland Security: Principles of All-Hazards Risk Management: Fourth Edition

Introduction to Homeland Security: Principles of All-Hazards Risk Management: Fourth Edition

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 1-669

  Bullock, Jane A ^a   Haddow, George D ^a   Coppola, Damon P ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84903044161     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/C2011-0-69686-3     Document Type: Book

References (519)

1. Associated Press. 2011. In sign of tougher line with Pakistan, Obama administration suspends $800 million in military aid. The Washington Post, July 9.
2. Department of Homeland Security. 2007. Department subcomponents and agencies. http://www.dhs.gov/xabout/structure.
3. DHS. 2010. Quadrennial Homeland Security Review. February. http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/qhsr_report.pdf.
4. Department of Homeland Security. 2011. Quadrennial Homeland Security Review Report. Department of Homeland Security. http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/qhsr_report.pdf.
5. The Guardian. 2011. Sixty years of US aid to Pakistan: Get the data. Poverty Matters Blog. http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/poverty-matters/2011/jul/11/us-aid-to-pakistan.
6. Guardian. 2011. http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/poverty-matters/2011/jul/11/us-aid-to-pakistan.
7. Counties and Homeland Security: Policy Agenda to Secure the People of America's Counties 2002, National Association of Counties (NACo), NACo, Washington, DC.
8. National Association of Counties. 2004. Homeland Security Funding - The Urban Areas Security Initiative: A Survey Report.
9. National Association of Counties. 2005. Resolution in Support of HHS's State and Local Bioterrorism Grant Program, March 7.
10. National Conference of State Legislatures. 2005. State offices of homeland security. NCSL Website is no longer available.
11. National Emergency Management Association. 2001. White Paper on Domestic Preparedness, October 1.
12. National Emergency Management Association. 2002. NEMA Reports on State Homeland Security Structures, June.
13. NEMA. 2011. State emergency management organizations. http://www.nemaweb.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=209<emid=377.
14. NEMA, 2011b. State emergency management staffing. http://www.nemaweb.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=211&Itemid=383.
15. NEMA. 2011c. State emergency management agency budgets. http://www.nemaweb.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=210&Itemid=382.
16. National Governors Association. 2003. EC-5. Homeland security comprehensive policy. http://www.nga.org/nga/legislativeUpdate/1,1169,C_POLICY_POSITION%5eD_5102,00.html.
17. National Governors Association. 2005. Homeland security: NGA position. http://www.nga.org/cms/home/federal-relations/nga-key-committee-issues/page-ec-issues/col2-content/main-content-list/homeland-security.html.
18. National Governors Association. 2005. Issue brief: Homeland security in the states: much progress, more work, January 24.
19. Issue Brief: States' Homeland Security Priorities 2002, National Governors Association Center for Best Practices (NGAC), NGAC, Washington, D.C, August 19.
20. National League of Cities. 2005. 2005 advocacy priority-the issue: funding for first responders.
21. National League of Cities. 2011. 2005 National municipal policy. http://www.nlc.org/influence-federal-policy/resources/national-municipal-policy.
22. U.S. Conference of Mayors. 2001. A national action plan for safety and security in America's cities, December.
23. U.S. Conference of Mayors. 2003. Homeland Security Report: 90 Percent of Cities Left Without Funds from Largest Federal Homeland Security Program, September 29. http://www.usmayors.org/uscm/us_mayor_newspaper/documents/09_29_03/homeland_report.asp
24. U.S. Conference of Mayors. 2004a. Executive director's column, March 12. http://www.usmayors.org/uscm/us_mayor_newspaper/documents/03_15_04/cochran.asp.
25. U.S. Conference of Mayors. 2004b. 2004 Adopted Resolutions 72nd Annual Meeting, Boston, MA. http://www.usmayors.org/resolutions/72nd_conference/default.asp.
26. Barry, T., Border Lines Blog. http://www.borderlinesblog.blogspot.com/2010/02/Americas-failing-homelandsecurity.html.
27. Baldwin T.E. Historical Chronology of FEMA Consequence Management, Preparedness and Response to Terrorism 2002, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL.
28. Clarke R. Cyber War: The Next Threat to National Security and What to Do about It 2010, New York, New York.
29. Communications Sector Coordinating Council. 2007. Communications Sector Specific Infrastructure Protection Plan. Communications Sector Coordinating Council. http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/nipp-ssp-communications.pdf.
30. Department of Homeland Security. 2007. Department Subcomponents and Agencies. http://www.dhs.gov/xabout/structure.
31. Department of Homeland Security. 2002. National Strategy for Homeland Security. http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/nat_strat_hls.pdf.
32. Department of Homeland Security. 2003. National Strategy for the Protection of Physical Infrastructure and Key Assets. http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/Physical_Strategy.pdf
33. Department of Homeland Security. 2006. DHS Releases Cyber Storm Public Exercise Report.http://www.dhs.gov/xnews/releases/pr_1158341221370.shtm.
34. Department of Homeland Security. 2009a. National Infrastructure Protection Plan. http://www.dhs.gov/files/programs/editorial/gc_1204738275985.shtm.
35. Department of Homeland Security. 2009b. NIPP: Sector Specific Plans. http://www.dhs.gov/files/programs/gc_1179866197607.shtm.
36. Department of Homeland Security. 2010. Quadrennial Homeland Security Review Report: A Strategic Framework for a Secure Homeland. http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/qhsr_report.pdf.
37. Department of Homeland Security. 2011. Implementing the Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission. A Progress Report. http://dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/progress_report.pdf.
38. City of Oklahoma City Document Management, 1996. Final Report: Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building Bombing April 19, 1995. Stillwater: Department of Central Services Central Printing Division.
39. Curci, Lt. Col. Michael A. 2004. Transnational terrorism's effect on the U.S. economy. United States Army War College Strategy Research Project. Carlisle Barracks, PA: United States Army.
40. A Nation Remembers, A Nation Recovers 2003, Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), FEMA, Washington, DC.
41. Fusco A.L. The World Trade Center Bombing: Report and Analysis 1993, U.S. Fire Administration, Emmitsburg, MD.
42. Library of Congress. July 21, 2003. http://www.congress.gov.
43. Schmidle, N. 2011. Getting Bin Laden. The New Yorker, August 8, 2011. http://www.newyorker.com.reporting/2011/08/110808fa_fact_schmidle.
44. Coppola D. Introduction to International Disaster Management 2011, Butterworth Heinemann, Burlington, MA.
45. Managing the Emergency Consequences of Terrorist Incidents-Interim Planning Guide for State and Local Governments 2002, Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), FEMA, Washington, DC.
46. Haltman, M., 2010. More Than 30 Incidents of Domestic Terrorism Attacks Thwarted Since 9/11. The Homeland Security Examiner, May 23, . http://www.examiner.com/homeland-security-in-national/more-than-30-incidents-of-domestic-terrorism-attacks-thwarted-since-9-11.
47. LaCommare, K., Eto, J., 2004. Understanding the Cost of Power Interruptions to US Electricity Consumers. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. http://certs.lbl.gov/pdf/55718.pdf.
48. NCTC Report, 2009. http://www.nctc.gov/witsbanner/docs/2009_report_on_terrorism.pdf.
49. 9/11 Commission. 2004. The 9/11 Commission Report. http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/911/report/911Report.pdf.
50. Blumenthal, H. 2003. Department of Human Services Private Sector Information Sharing: ISAC Program. Government Symposium on Information Sharing and Homeland Security. Pennsylvania.
51. Central Intelligence Agency. 2007. Offices of CIA. https://www.cia.gov/offices-of-cia/index.html.
52. Central Intelligence Agency. 2008a. CIA organization chart. https://www.cia.gov/about-cia/leadership/cia-organization-chart.html.
53. Central Intelligence Agency. 2008b. History of the Intelligence and Analysis Directorate. https://www.cia.gov/offices-of-cia/intelligence-analysis/history.html.
54. Central Intelligence Agency. 2008c. The CIA Crime and Narcotics Center. https://www.cia.gov/offices-of-cia/intelligence-analysis/organization-1/the-cia-crime-and-narcotics-center.html.
55. Congressional Research Service. 2004a. RL32506 - The Proposed Authorities of a National Intelligence Director: Issues for Congress and Side-by-Side Comparison of S. 2845, H.R. 10, and Current Law. http://www.fas.org/irp/crs/RL32506.pdf.
56. Congressional Research Service. 2004b. RS21948 - The National Intelligence Director and Intelligence Analysis. http://www.fas.org/irp/crs/RS21948.pdf.
57. Department of Homeland Security. 2002. National Strategy for Homeland Security. http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/nat_strat_hls.pdf.
58. Department of Homeland Security. 2004. Agency Responsibilities by Functional Areas, Functions and Tasks. NRP Initial Plan Draft, Appendix A, Table 6.2.
59. Department of Homeland Security. 2007. Budget in Brief FY 2008. http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/budget_bib-fy2008.pdf.
60. Department of Homeland Security. 2008. Budget in Brief FY 2009. http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/budget_bib-fy2009.pdf.
61. Digital National Security Archive. 2003. Overview of U.S. Intelligence.
62. Environmental Protection Agency. 2002. FY 2003 Budget in Brief. http://www.epa.gov/ocfo/budget/2003/2003bib.pdf.
63. Government Accountability Office. 2004. Terrorism Insurance: Effects of the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002. http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d04806t.pdf.
64. MILNET. 2006. Changes to the U.S. Intelligence Community. http://www.milnet.com/Changes%20to%20Intelligence%20Community.html.
65. Office of the Director of National Intelligence. 2005. Establishment of the National Clandestine Service (NCS). http://www.odni.gov/press_releases/20051013_release.htm.
66. Office of the Director of National Intelligence. 2008a. Members of the Intelligence Community. http://www.intelligence.gov/about-the-intelligence-community/.
67. Office of the Director of National Intelligence. 2008b. ODNI Organization. http://www.dni.gov/aboutODNI/organization.htm.
68. Office of the Director of National Intelligence. 2008c. ODNI Press Releases 2005. http://www.odni.gov/press_releases/press_releases_2005.htm.
69. Office of the Director of National Intelligence. 2008d. ODNI Press Releases 2006. http://www.odni.gov/press_releases/press_releases_2006.htm.
70. Office of the Director of National Intelligence. 2008e. ODNI Press Releases 2007-2008. http://www.odni.gov/press_releases/press_releases.htm.
71. Richelson J.T. The U.S. Intelligence Community 1999, Westview Press, Boulder, CO. 4th ed.
72. Richelson, J.T., Gefter, J., Waters, M., et al. 2003. U.S. Espionage and Intelligence, 1947-1996. Digital National Security Archive. Mfiche 2552 GRN-MTXT.
73. Smith B.F. The Shadow Warriors: OSS, and the Origins of the CIA 1983, Basic Books, New York.
74. CBP, 2008. CSI In Brief. CBP Website. http://www.cbp.gov/xp/cgov/trade/cargo_security/csi/csi_in_brief.xml.
75. CBP, 2009. Fencing construction status. (December 25). http://www.cbp.gov/linkhandler/cgov/newsroom/highlights/fence_map.ctt/fence_map.pdf.
76. CBP, 2011a. Immigration inspection program. CBP Website. http://www.cbp.gov/xp/cgov/border_security/port_activities/overview.xml.
77. CBP, 2011b. Office of air and marine. Fact sheet. http://www.cbp.gov/linkhandler/cgov/newsroom/fact_sheets/marine/air_marine.ctt/air_marine.pdf.
78. CBP, 2011c. Unmanned aircraft system MQ-9 predator B. CBP fact sheet. http://www.cbp.gov/linkhandler/cgov/newsroom/fact_sheets/marine/uas.ctt/uas.pdf.
79. Department of Homeland Security, 2004. Fact sheet: Arizona border control initiative. http://www.dhs.gov/xnews/releases/press_release_0520.shtm.
80. DHS, 2004. US-VISIT program. http://www.dhs.gov/xtrvlsec/programs/content_multi_image0006.htm.
81. DHS, 2006. Secure freight initiative: vision and operations overview. (December 7). http://www.dhs.gov/xnews/releases/pr_1165943729650.shtm.
82. DHS, 2011a. Securing America's borders: CBP fiscal year 2010 in review fact sheet. (March 15).
83. DHS, 2011b. Office of US-Visit. http://www.dhs.gov/files/programs/usv.shtm.
84. The White House, 2005. Border and transportation security. http://www.whitehouse.gov/deptofhomeland/sect3.html.
85. American Petroleum Institute. 2005. Security guidelines for the petroleum industry. http://api.org/policy/otherissues/upload/SecurityGuideEd3.pdf.
86. American Petroleum Institute. 2008. Energy security: help reduce the threat. http://www.api.org/ehs/partnerships/community/energy-security.cfm.
87. American Society of Civil Engineers/American Water Works Association. 2006. Guidelines for the physical security of water utilities. http://www.asce.org/static/1/redirect.cfm?prmType=WISE&prmFile=20061/00_Complete_Document.
88. Association of American Railroads. 2004. Freight raill security briefing. http://www.aar.org/Rail_Safety/Security.pdf.
89. Association of Metropolitan Sewage Agencies (AMSA). 2004. Wastewater sector security link, vol. 1, no. 1. http://newsmanager.commpartners.com/amsawssl/issues/2004-06-17.html.
90. Associated Press. 2010. US knew for years that cargo planes were terror targets. (November 9). http://www.foxnews.com/us/2010/11/09/knew-cargo-planes-vulnerable-years/.
91. Blumenthal, H. 2003. Department of Human Services private sector information sharing: ISAC program. Government Symposium on Information Sharing and Homeland Security, Pennsylvania.
92. Central Intelligence Agency. 2007. Offices of CIA. https://www.cia.gov/offices-of-cia/index.html.
93. Central Intelligence Agency. 2008a. CIA organization chart. https://www.cia.gov/about-cia/leadership/cia-organization-chart.html.
94. Central Intelligence Agency. 2008b. History of the intelligence and analysis directorate. https://www.cia.gov/offices-of-cia/intelligence-analysis/history.html.
95. Central Intelligence Agency. 2008c. The CIA crime and narcotics center. https://www.cia.gov/offices-of-cia/intelligence-analysis/organization-1/the-cia-crime-and-narcotics-center.html.
96. Communications Sector Coordinating Council. 2007. Communications sector specific infrastructure protection plan.http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/nipp-ssp-communications.pdf.
97. Communications Sector Coordinating Council. 2008. What is the CSCC? . http://www.commscc.org/.
98. Congressional Research Service. 2004a. Border security and unmanned aerial vehicles. http://www.fas.org/irp/crs/RS21698.pdf/.
99. Congressional Research Service. 2004b. RL32506 - the proposed authorities of a national intelligence director: issues for Congress and side-by-side comparison of S. 2845, H.R. 10, and current law. http://www.fas.org/irp/crs/RL32506.pdf.
100. Congressional Research Service. 2004c. RS21948 - the national intelligence director and intelligence analysis. http://www.fas.org/irp/crs/RS21948.pdf.
101. Congressional Research Service. 2006. Border security: barriers along the U.S. international border. http://fas.org/sgp/crs/homesec/RL33659.pdf.
102. Congressional Research Service. 2007a. Terrorism and security issues facing the water infrastructure sector. http://www.fas.org/irp/crs/RL32189.pdf.
103. Congressional Research Service. 2007b. Terrorism and security issues facing the water infrastructure sector. http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/terror/RL32189.pdf.
104. Congressional Research Service. 2008. FY 2009 appropriations for state and local homeland security. http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/homesec/RS22805.pdf.
105. Coppola D. Annotated Organizational Chart for the Department of Homeland Security 2003, Bullock & Haddow, LLC., Washington, DC.
106. Department of Energy. 2007. Energy sector specific infrastructure plan. ftp://ftp.nerc.com/pub/sys/all_updl/cip/Energy_Redacted_All.pdf.
107. Department of Homeland Security. 2002. National strategy for homeland security. http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/nat_strat_hls.pdf.
108. Department of Homeland Security. 2003. National strategy for the protection of physical infrastructure and key assets. http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/Physical_Strategy.pdf.
109. Department of Homeland Security. 2004a. Agency responsibilities by functional areas, functions and tasks. NRP Initial Plan Draft, Appendix A, Table 6.2.
110. Department of Homeland Security. 2004b. Fact sheet: Arizona border control initiative. http://www.dhs.gov/xnews/releases/press_release_0520.shtm.
111. Department of Homeland Security. 2004c. The national plan for research and development in support of critical infrastructure protection. http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/ST_2004_NCIP_RD_PlanFINALApr05.pdf.
112. Department of Homeland Security. 2004d. Fiscal year 2005 freight rail security program application kit. http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/odp/docs/FY2005FRSP.pdf.
113. Department of Homeland Security. 2005a. Fact sheet: Arizona border control initiative - phase II. https://www.dhs.gov/xnews/releases/press_release_0646.shtm.
114. Department of Homeland Security. 2005b. FY 2006 critical infrastructure protection program. http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/odp/newsreleases/FY06_IPP_PressKit.pdf.
115. Department of Homeland Security. 2006a. DHS releases cyber storm public exercise report. http://www.dhs.gov/xnews/releases/pr_1158341221370.shtm.
116. Department of Homeland Security. 2006b. FY 2007 critical infrastructure protection program. http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/grants-2007-infrastructure-protection.pdf.
117. Department of Homeland Security. 2007a. Budget in brief FY 2008. http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/budget_bib-fy2008.pdf.
118. Department of Homeland Security. 2007b. DHS moves forward on border fencing and technology improvements. http://www.dhs.gov/xnews/releases/pr_1197058374853.shtm.
119. Department of Homeland Security. 2007c. Overview: FY 2007 infrastructure protection program final awards. http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/grants_ippawardsfy07.pdf.
120. Department of Homeland Security. 2007d. Strategy to enhance international supply chain security. http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/plcy-internationalsupply-chainsecuritystrategy.pdf.
121. Department of Homeland Security. 2007e. The national response framework ESF#10 annex.http://www.fema.gov/pdf/emergency/nrf/nrf-annexes-all.pdf.
122. Department of Homeland Security. 2007f. FY 2008 critical infrastructure protection program. http://www.fema.gov/government/grant/ipp/index.shtm#tsp/.
123. Department of Homeland Security. 2007g. Overview: FY 2007 infrastructure protection program awards. http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/grants-2007-infrastructure-protection.pdf.
124. Department of Homeland Security. 2008a. Budget in brief FY 2009. http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/budget_bib-fy2009.pdf.
125. Department of Homeland Security. 2008b. FY 2008 port security grant program. http://www.fema.gov/government/grant/psgp/index.shtm.
126. Department of Homeland Security. 2008c. Cyber storm: securing cyber space. http://www.dhs.gov/xprepresp/training/gc_1204738275985.shtm.
127. Department of Homeland Security. 2008d. National cybersecurity division. http://www.dhs.gov/xabout/structure/editorial_0839.shtm.
128. Department of Transportation Maritime Administration. 2002. U.S. waterborne foreign trade containerized cargo stats. https://www.marad.dot.gov/Marad_Statistics/Con-Pts-02.htm.
129. Digital National Security Archive. 2003. Overview of U.S. intelligence. http://nsarchive.chadwyck.com/esp_essay.htm.
130. Environmental Protection Agency. 1998. How wastewater treatment works: the basics. http://www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/bastre.pdf.
131. Environmental Protection Agency. 2002. FY 2003 budget in brief. http://www.epa.gov/ocfo/budget/2003/2003bib.pdf.
132. Environmental Protection Agency. 2006a. EPA budget in brief FY 2007. http://www.epa.gov/budget/2007/2007bib.pdf/.
133. Environmental Protection Agency. 2006b. EPA water security initiative (WaterSentinel). http://www.epa.gov/safewater/watersecurity/pubs/fs_watersecurity_securityinitiative.pdf.
134. Environmental Protection Agency. 2007a. EPA budget in brief FY 2008. http://www.epa.gov/budget/2007/2008bib.pdf.
135. Environmental Protection Agency. 2007b. Water sector specific infrastructure protection plan. http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/Water_SSP_5_21_07.pdf.
136. Environmental Protection Agency. 2008. EPA budget in brief FY 2009. http://www.epa.gov/budget/2007/2009bib.pdf.
137. Government Accountability Office. 2004a. GAO-04-1062 maritime security. http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d041062.pdf.
138. Government Accountability Office. 2004b. Terrorism insurance: effects of the terrorism risk insurance act of 2002. http://www.gao.gov/new.items/%20d04806t.pdf.
139. Government Accountability Office. 2006a. GAO-07-39 critical infrastructure protection: progress coordinating government and private sector efforts varies by sectors' characteristics. http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d0739.pdf.
140. Government Accountability Office. 2006b. Securing wastewater facilities. http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d06390.pdf.
141. Government Accountability Office. 2007a. GAO-07-412 port risk management. http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d07412.pdf.
142. Government Accountability Office. 2007b. Passenger rail security - federal strategy and enhanced coordination needed to prioritize and guide security efforts. http://www.gao.gov/cgi-bin/getrpt?GAO-07-583T.
143. Greenberg, W.J. 2003. September 11, 2001: a CEO's story. Harvard Business Review, vol. 10.1225/R0210D, pp. 7-8.
144. Harrald, C., Coppola, D.P., Yeletaysi, S. 2003. Assessing the financial impacts of the World Trade Center attacks on publicly held corporations. TIEMS Conference Proceedings, Provence, France.
145. Kavanaugh, P. 2002. Current state of crisis management as an industry in Canada. The Health Canada Emergency Preparedness Forum, October 28, 2002.
146. Lerbinger O. The Crisis Manager 1997, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, New York.
147. Marsh & Mclennan Company 2008. Terrorism Risk Insurance Act (TRIA) is extended by Congress. http://global.marsh.com/documents/TRIA_Is_Extended_2nd_Edition.pdf.
148. IBM Dictionary of Computing 1994, McGraw-Hill, New York. G. McDaniel (Ed.).
149. Medical News Today. 2006. Landfills, chemical weapon debris possibly a good match, computer model suggests. http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/46108.php.
150. MILNET. 2006. Changes to the U.S. Intelligence Community. http://www.milnet.com/Changes%20to%20Intelligence%20Community.html.
151. Minuteman Civil Defense Corps. 2008. Volunteer saves illegal alien from certain death. http://bborderops.com/index.php?option5com_content&task5view&id541&Itemid52.
152. National Coordination Center for Telecommunications. 2008. Program information. http://www.ncs.gov/ncc/.
153. Northrop Grumman. 2004. Press release: HSDN. http://www.it.northropgrumman.com/pressroom/press/2004/pr151.html.
154. Office of the Director of National Intelligence. 2005. Establishment of the national clandestine service (NCS). http://www.odni.gov/press_releases/20051013_release.htm.
155. Office of the Director of National Intelligence. 2008a. Members of the intelligence community. http://www.intelligence.gov/1-members.shtml.
156. Office of the Director of National Intelligence. 2008b. ODNI organization. http://www.dni.gov/aboutODNI/organization.htm.
157. Office of the Director of National Intelligence. 2008c. ODNI press releases 2005. http://www.odni.gov/press_releases/press_releases_2005.htm.
158. Office of the Director of National Intelligence. 2008d. ODNI press releases 2006. http://www.odni.gov/press_releases/press_releases_2006.htm.
159. Office of the Director of National Intelligence. 2008e. ODNI press releases 2007-2008. http://www.odni.gov/press_releases/press_releases.htm.
160. Reed, D. 2006. US airports, by the numbers. USA Today (September 27). http://www.usatoday.com/travel/flights/2006-09-26-airport-numbers_x.htm.
161. Richelson J.T. The U.S. Intelligence Community 1999, Westview Press, Boulder, CO. 4th ed.
162. Richelson, J.T., Gefter, J., Waters, M., et al. 2003. U.S. espionage and intelligence, 1947-1996. Digital National Security Archive. Mfiche 2552 GRN-MTXT.
163. Smith B.F. The Shadow Warriors: OSS, and the Origins of the CIA 1983, Basic Books, New York.
164. The White House. 2003. National strategy to secure cyberspace. http://www.whitehouse.gov/pcipb/cyberspace_strategy.pdf.
165. The White House. 2005. Border and transportation security. http://www.whitehouse.gov/deptofhomeland/sect3.html/.
166. Transportation Sector Government Coordinating Council. 2007. Transportation systems specific infrastructure protection plan. http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/nipp-ssp-transportation.pdf.
167. Transportation Security Administration. 2005. TSA FY 2004 budget briefing. (June 2005). http://www.tsa.gov/public/interweb/assetlibrary/TSA_FY2004_budget_briefing_(public).ppt.
168. Transportation Security Administration. 2006. TSA turns five. http://www.tsa.gov/5th/index.shtm.
169. Transportation Security Administration. 2007a. DHS agencies announce enrollment dates for TWIC in 10 ports. http://www.tsa.gov/press/releases/2008/0304.shtm.
170. Transportation Security Administration. 2007b. Fact sheet: FY 2008 freight rail security grant program. http://www.tsa.gov/assets/pdf/fy_2008_frsgp_fs.pdf.
171. Transportation Security Administration. 2007c. FAQ: transportation worker identification credential (TWIC). http://www.tsa.gov/what_we_do/layers/twic/twic_faqs.shtm.
172. Transportation Security Administration. 2007d. FY 2008 freight rail security grant program. http://www.tsa.gov/assets/pdf/fy_2008_frsgp.pdf.
173. Transportation Security Administration. 2007e. FY 2008 trucking security program fact sheet. http://www.tsa.gov/assets/pdf/fy_2008_tsp_fs.pdf.
174. Transportation Security Administration. 2008. FY 2008 intercity bus security grant program. http://www.tsa.gov/assets/pdf/fy_2008_ibsgp_fs.pdf.
175. TSA. 2011. Transportation sector network management. http://www.tsa.gov/what_we_do/tsnm/index.shtm.
176. U.S. Customs and Border Protection. 2006a. Border patrol overview. http://www.cbp.gov/xp/cgov/border_security/border_patrol/border_patrol_ohs/overview.xml.
177. U.S. Customs and Border Protection. 2006b. SBInet: securing U.S. borders. http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/sbinetfactsheet.pdf.
178. U.S. Customs and Border Protection. 2008a. FY 2007 performance and accountability report. http://www.cbp.gov/linkhandler/cgov/toolbox/publications/admin/fiscal_2007.ctt/fiscal_2007.pdf.
179. U.S. Customs and Border Protection. 2008b. Ports in CSI. http://www.cbp.gov/xp/cgov/border_security/international_activities/csi/ports_in_csi.xml.
180. U.S. Department of Transportation. 2008. Serious HAZMAT incidents in the U.S. 1997-2006. http://hazmat.dot.gov/pubs/inc/data/tenyr_new_serious.pdf.
181. U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. 2008a. ICE FY 2007 accomplishments. http://www.ice.gov/doclib/pi/news/factsheets/fy07accmplshmntsweb.pdf.
182. U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. 2008b. ICE operations. http://www.ice.gov/about/operations.htm.
183. U.S. Coast Guard. 2004. Secure seas, open ports. http://www.piersystem.com/go/doc/586/41841/.
184. U.S. Coast Guard. 2007. Coast Guard announces record drug seizures. http://www.piersystem.com/go/doc/786/184995/.
185. U.S.Congress Compilation of Intelligence Laws and Related Laws and Executive Orders of Interest to the National Intelligence Community 1983, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
186. USA Today. 2005. Border patrols growing in Arizona (March 29). http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2005-03-29-borders_x.htm.
187. Water Environment Research Foundation. 2008. WERF research projects online database. http://www.werf.org/.
188. Water ISAC. 2008. What is water ISAC? . http://www.waterisac.org/cs/what_is_waterisac.
189. Blumenthal, H., 2003. Government Symposium on Information Sharing and Homeland Security, Department of Human Services Private Sector Information Sharing: ISAC Program, Pennsylvania.
190. Clarke R. Cyber War: The Next Threat to National Security and What to Do about it 2010, Ecco, New York.
191. Communications Sector Coordinating Council, 2007. Communications sector specific infrastructure protection plan. http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/nipp-ssp-communications.pdf.
192. Communications Sector Coordinating Council, 2008. What is the CSCC? . http://www.commscc.org/.
193. Congressional Research Service, 2007a. Terrorism and security issues facing the water infrastructure sector. http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/terror/RL32189.pdf.
194. Congressional Research Service, 2007b. Terrorism and security issues facing the water infrastructure sector. http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/terror/RL32189.pdf.
195. Congressional Research Service, 2008. FY 2009 appropriations for state and local homeland security. http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/homesec/RS22805.pdf.
196. Coppola D. Annotated Organizational Chart for the Department of Homeland Security 2003, Bullock & Haddow, LLC, Washington, DC.
197. Department of Homeland Security, 2002. National strategy for homeland security. http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/nat_strat_hls.pdf.
198. Department of Homeland Security, 2003. National strategy for the protection of physical infrastructure and key assets. http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/Physical_Strategy.pdf.
199. Department of Homeland Security, 2004. The national plan for research and development in support of critical infrastructure protection. http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/ST_2004_NCIP_RD_PlanFINALApr05.pdf.
200. Department of Homeland Security, 2005. FY 2006 critical infrastructure protection program. http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/odp/newsreleases/FY06_IPP_PressKit.pdf.
201. Department of Homeland Security, 2006a. DHS releases cyber storm public exercise report. http://www.dhs.gov/xnews/releases/pr_1158341221370.shtm.
202. Department of Homeland Security, 2006b. FY 2007 critical infrastructure protection program. http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/grants-2007-infrastructure-protection.pdf.
203. Department of Homeland Security, 2007a. FY 2008 critical infrastructure protection program. http://www.fema.gov/government/grant/ipp/index.shtm#tsp.
204. Department of Homeland Security, 2007b. Overview: FY 2007 infrastructure protection program awards. http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/grants-2007-infrastructure-protection.pdf.
205. Department of Homeland Security, 2009a. National infrastructure protection plan. http://www.dhs.gov/files/programs/editorial/gc_1204738275985.shtm.
206. Department of Homeland Security, 2009b. NIPP: sector specific plans. http://www.dhs.gov/files/programs/gc_1179866197607.shtm.
207. Department of Homeland Security, 2010. Quadrennial homeland security review report: a strategic framework for a secure homeland. http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/qhsr_report.pdf.
208. Department of Homeland Security, 2011. Implementing the recommendations of the 9/11 commission, a progess report. http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/progress_report.pdf.
209. Government Accountability Office, 2006. GAO-07-39 critical infrastructure protection: progress coordinating government and private sector efforts varies by sectors' characteristics. http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d0739.pdf.
210. Greenberg, W.J., 2003. September 11, 2001: a CEO's story. Harvard Business Review, vol.10.1225/R0210D, pp. 7-8.
211. Harrald, C., Coppola, D.P., and Yeletaysi, S., 2003. Assessing the Financial Impacts of the World Trade Center Attacks on Publicly Held Corporations. TIEMS Conference Proceedings. Provence, France.
212. Ignatius, D., 2011. Department of internet defense. The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/department-of-internet-defense/2011/08/12.
213. Lerbinger O. The Crisis Manager 1997, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, New York.
214. Nagesh, G., 2011. Cyber attacks on U.S. grow. Hillicon Valley Blog, . http://thehill.com/blogs/hillcon-valley/technology/173595.
215. National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, 2004, Final report of the National Commission on Terrorists Attacks upon the United States.
216. Pincus, W., 2010. Government devotes more money to cybersecurity. The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/06/22.
217. The White House, 2003. National strategy to secure cyberspace. http://www.whitehouse.gov/pcipb/cyberspace_strategy.pdf.
218. The White House, 2011. Fact sheet: cybersecurity legislative proposal. http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/05/12/fact-sheet.pdf.
219. Symantec, 2010. The Symantec Internet Security Threat Report. http://www.symantec.com/business/theme%20jsp?themeid=threatreport.
220. u SD Times, Expert backs new security certification for coders. http://www.sdtimes.com/EXPERT_BACKS_NEW_SECURITY_CERTIFICATION_FOR_CODERS/About_SECURITY_and_SOFTWAREDEVELOPMENT_and_ISC2/32912.
221. Times Online, 2007. China's cyber army is preparing to march on America, says Pentagon. http://www.technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/the_web/article2409865.ece.
222. Bullock & Haddow, LLC, 2003. North Carolina: Madison County Terrorism Annex to Basic Emergency Response Plan, unpublished operational planning document.
223. Environmental Protection Agency 2003. Response to the Columbia space shuttle incident. http://www.epa.gov/columbia.
224. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2003a. President declares emergency in Texas and Louisiana in response to space shuttle tragedy. FEMA Press Release, February 1. http://www.fema.gov/news/newsrelease.fema?id=2406.
225. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2003b. FEMA to lead search, find, and secure mission following space shuttle tragedy. FEMA Press Release, February 1. http://www.fema.gov/news/newsrelease.fema?id=2405.
226. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2003c. FEMA puts federal resources into action to assist state and local authorities in search, find, and secure mission for Columbia debris. FEMA Press Release, February 2. http://www.fema.gov/news/newsrelease.fema?id=2407.
227. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2003d. FEMA establishes joint information center for Columbia debris search, find, and secure mission at Lufkin civic center. FEMA Press Release, February 3. http://www.fema.gov/news/newsrelease.fema?id=2409.
228. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2003e. Columbia material collection guidelines: fact sheet. FEMA Press Release, February 5. http://www.fema.gov/news/newsrelease.fema?id=2414.
229. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2003f. President amends Columbia emergency declaration to include all states. FEMA Press Release, February 6. http://www.fema.gov/news/newsrelease.fema?id=2416.
230. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2003g. FEMA updates search, find, and secure activities for Columbia emergency. FEMA Press Release, February 6. http://www.fema.gov/news/newsrelease.fema?id=2415.
231. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2003h. Good progress made in one month of shuttle recovery. FEMA Press Release, March 1. http://www.fema.gov/news/newsrelease.fema?id=2458.
232. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2003i. FEMA will hand on-going recovery operations to NASA April 30. FEMA Press Release, April 17. http://www.fema.gov/news/newsrelease.fema?id=2534.
233. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2003j. Recap of the search for Columbia shuttle material. FEMA Press Release, May 5. http://www.fema.gov/news/newsrelease.fema?id=2808.
234. Wikipedia, 2005. Space shuttle Columbia disaster. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia_disaster.
235. American Corporate Council Association (ACCA), 2002. 107th Congress Homeland Security Legislation. http://www.acc.com/infopaks/homeland/legislativechart.pdf.
236. Bea, Keath, W. Krouse, D. Morgan, W. Morrissey, and C. Redhead. 2003. Emergency Preparedness and Response Directorate of the Department of Homeland Security. Congressional Research Service. http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/RS21367.pdf.
237. Bullock & Haddow, LLC, 2003. Personal interviews with the Chief of Staff and Deputy Chief of Staff of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, unpublished.
238. Department of Homeland Security, 2007. FY 2007 Homeland Security Grant Program. http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/grants_st-local_fy07.pdf.
239. Environmental Protection Agency, 2008. "National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan.É . http://www.epa.gov/OEM/content/lawsregs/ncpover.htm.
240. Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2001. Domestic Terrorism Concept of Operations Plan. http://www.fbi.gov/publications/conplan/conplan.pdf.
241. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1992. Federal Response Plan. http://www.library.findlaw.com/1992/Apr/1/127810.html.
242. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2001. Federal Radiological Emergency Response Plan. http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/usa/doctrine/national/frerp.htm.
243. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2004. National Response Plan. http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/NRPbaseplan.pdf.
244. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2008. National Response Framework. http://www.fema.gov/emergency/nrf/.
245. Federal Emergency Management Agency. 2008. Number of Declarations per Calendar Year Since 1998. Washington, DC. http://www.fema.gov/government/grant/pa/stat1.shtm.
246. Washington Post. 2005. War plans drafted to counter terror attacks in U.S. The Washington Post, August 8, p. A1. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/08/07/AR2005080700843_pf.html.
247. American Red Cross, 2003. Largest terrorism response drill in U.S. history begins, May 12. http://www.redcross.org/news/ds/terrorism/030512TOPOFF.html.
248. American Red Cross, 2008. Frequently asked questions. http://www.redcross.org/faq/0,1096,0_383_,00.html.
249. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007. Dam Safety Act signed by president. https://www.aawre.org/pressroom/news/grwk/event_release.cfm?uid53912.
250. Association of State Dam Safety Officials, 2005. What is the National Dam Safety & Security Program and why should it continue? . http://www.damsafety.org/media/Documents/Legislative%20Handouts/NDSPA%20Handout.pdf.
251. Barbera J.A., Macintyre A.G. Medical and Health Incident Management (MaHIM) System: A Comprehensive Functional System Description for Mass Casualty Medical and Health Incident Management 2002, Institute for Crisis, Disaster, and Risk Management, The George Washington University, Washington, DC.
252. Barbera, J.A., Macintyre, A.G., 2003. MaHIM. Presentation at the ICDRM/SAIC Monthly Emergency Management Forum. George Washington University. Washington, DC, 2003.
253. Benvenuto, N., 2004. The relationship between business continuity and Sarbanes-Oxley. Protiviti KnowledgeLeader. http://www.protiviti.com/downloads/PRO/pro-us/articles/FeatureArticle_20040312.html.
254. Berman, A., 2004. Business continuity in a Sarbanes-Oxley world. Disaster Recovery Journal, Spring. http://www.drj.com/articles/spr04/1702-01.html.
255. Citizen Corps, 2003a. Citizen Corps councils. http://www.citizencorps.gov/councils/.
256. Citizen Corps, 2003b. Community emergency response team. http://www.citizencorps.gov/programs/cert.shtm.
257. Citizen Corps, 2003c. Medical reserve corps. http://www.citizencorps.gov/programs/medical.shtm.
258. CNN, 2008. Katrina timeline. http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2005/katrina/interactive/timeline.katrina.large/frameset.exclude.html.
259. Cone, E., Gallagher, S., 2001. Cantor Fitzgerald - forty seven hours. http://www.baselinemag.com/print_article/0,3668,a517022,00.asp.
260. Congressional Research Service, 2007a. Aging infrastructure: Dam safety. http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/homesec/RL33108.pdf.
261. Congressional Research Service, 2007b. FY2008 appropriations for state and local homeland security. http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/homesec/RS22596.pdf.
262. Coppola, D.P., 2003a. A Report on the First Annual Conference on the Community and Homeland Security. Washington, DC: Haddow and Bullock, LLC (March).
263. Coppola D.P. Annotated Organizational Chart for the Department of Homeland Security 2003, Bullock & Haddow, LLC, Washington, DC.
264. Corporation for National Community Service, 2005. Congressional budget justification for FY 2006. http://www.nationalservice.gov/pdf/2006_budget_justification.pdf.
265. Corporation for National Community Service, 2006. National service responds: The power of hope and help after Katrina. http://www.nationalservice.gov/pdf/katrina_report.pdf.
266. Corporation for National Community Service, 2007a. The power of help and hope after Katrina by the numbers: Volunteers in the Gulf. http://www.nationalservice.gov/pdf/katrina_volunteers_respond.pdf.
267. Corporation for National Community Service, 2007b. A resource guide for the strategic initiatives. http://www.nationalservice.org/pdf/07_0913_resourceguide_strategicplan.pdf.
268. Department of Homeland Security, 2004. National Response Plan Appendix ESF #6.É Washington, DC. http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/nrp/esf06.pdf.
269. Department of Homeland Security, 2007a. Budget in brief 2008. http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/budget_bib-fy2008.pdf.
270. Department of Homeland Security, 2007b. Overview: FY 2007 homeland security grant program. http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/grants-2007-program-overview-010507.pdf.
271. Department of Homeland Security, 2007c. The National Response Framework. http://www.fema.gov/pdf/emergency/nrf/nrf-base.pdf.
272. Department of Homeland Security, 2007d. What's new in the NRF. http://www.in.gov/dhs/files/whatsnew.pdf.
273. Department of Homeland Security, 2008. Budget in brief 2009. http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/budget_bib-fy2009.pdf.
274. Department of Homeland Security, 2011a. The National Response Framework. http://www.fema.gov/emergency/nrf/index.htm.
275. Department of Homeland Security, 2011b. Overview: FY 2011 Homeland Security Grant Program. http://www.fema.gov/pdf/government/grant/2011/fy11_hsgp_factsheet.pdf.
276. Emergency Management Australia Emergency Risk Management: Applications Guide 2000, Emergency Management Australia, Sydney.
277. European Commission, 2008. Threats to health - avian influenza. http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_threats/com/Influenza/ai_human_en.htm.
278. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2001. Multi-hazard mitigation planning. http://www.fema.gov/plan/mitplanning/index.shtm.
279. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2003. Federal Emergency Management Agency 426: Reference Manual to Mitigate Potential Terrorist Attacks against Buildings. http://www.fema.gov/plan/prevent/rms/rmsp426.
280. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2005. National Flood Insurance Program.
281. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2005. Louisiana residents reminded floodplain development permit requirements still required for building repairs. FEMA Press Release. September 16. http://www.fema.gov/news/newsrelease.fema?id=18921.
282. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2007a. Draft National Incident Management System. http://www.fema.gov/emergency/nims/.
283. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2007b. Plan ahead for an earthquake. http://www.fema.gov/plan/prevent/earthquake/index.shtm.
284. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2007c. About the National Dam Safety Program. http://www.fema.gov/plan/prevent/damfailure/ndsp.shtm.
285. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2008a. FY 2007 Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA) Program. http://www.fema.gov/government/grant/fma/fma2007.shtm.
286. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2008b. FY 2007 repetitive flood claims grant recipients. http://www.fema.gov/government/grant/rfc/rfc_fy07_recipients.shtm.
287. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2008c. FY 2008 Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA) Program. http://www.fema.gov/government/grant/fma/fma2008.shtm.
288. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2008d. Guidance for severe repetitive loss properties. http://www.fema.gov/pdf/nfip/manual200610/20srl.pdf.
289. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2008e. Repetitive Flood Claims (RFC) Program (Fiscal Year 2007). http://www.fema.gov/government/grant/rfc/rfc_fy2007.shtm.
290. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2008f. Repetitive Flood Claims (RFC) Program (Program Overview). http://www.fema.gov/government/grant/rfc/index.shtm.
291. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2008g. Severe Repetitive Loss Program. http://www.fema.gov/government/grant/srl.
292. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2010. Hazard Mitigation Assistance Unified Guidance, June 1. http://www.fema.gov/library/viewRecord.do?id=4225.
293. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2011a. Federal Insurance and Mitigation Administration (FIMA). http://www.fema.gov/about/divisions/mitigation.shtm.
294. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2011b. About the National Dam Safety Program. http://www.fema.gov/plan/prevent/damfailure/ndsp.shtm.
295. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2011c. Hazard Mitigation Grant Program. http://www.fema.gov/government/grant/hmgp/index.shtm.
296. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2011d. Hazard Mitigation Planning. http://www.fema.gov/plan/mitplanning/index.shtm#2.
297. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2011e. Overview of Flood Map Modernization. http://www.fema.gov/plan/prevent/fhm/mm_main.shtm.
298. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2011f. Pre-Disaster Mitigation Grant Program. http://www.fema.gov/government/grant/pdm/index.shtm.
299. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2011g. National Flood Insurance Program. http://www.fema.gov/plan/prevent/floodplain/index.shtm.
300. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2011h. Severe Repetitive Loss Program. http://www.fema.gov/government/grant/srl/index.shtm.
301. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2011i. Welcome to flood hazard mapping. http://www.fema.gov/plan/prevent/fhm/index.shtm.
302. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2011j. Frequently Asked Questions Mitigation Grant Programs. http://www.fema.gov/government/grant/hmgp/.
303. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2011k. Louisiana Post-Katrina Recovery. http://www.fema.gov/hazard/hurricane/2005katrina/6year/iafm.shtm.
304. Fire Corps, 2008. Fire Corps National Advisory Committee Meets. http://firecorps.org/page/630/show_item/172/News.htm.
305. Frase-Blunt M., 2003. Operation Topoff 2. http://www.aamc.org/newsroom/reporter/august03/bioterrorism.htm.
306. Government Accountability Office, 2000. Federal Emergency Management Agency Disaster Relief Fund. http://www.gao.gov/cgi-bin/getrpt?GAO/RCED-00-182.
307. Government Accountability Office, 2006. Hurricanes Katrina and Rita: Coordination between Federal Emergency Management Agency and the Red Cross Should Be Improved for the 2006 Hurricane Season. http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d06712.pdf.
308. Infoplease.com., 2008. Hurricane Katrina Timeline. http://www.infoplease.com/spot/hurricanekatrinatimeline.html.
309. Insurance Information Institute, 2008. National Flood Insurance Program. http://www.iii.org/media/facts/statsbyissue/flood/.
310. Kaplan S. The words of risk analysis. Risk Analysis 1997, 17(4):408-409.
311. Kayyem N.J., Chang E.P. Beyond Business Continuity: The Role of the Private Sector in Preparedness Planning 2002, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
312. Kulling P. The Terrorist Attack with Sarin in Tokyo 1998, Socialstyresen, Stockholm.
313. National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States (9/11 Commission), 2004. What to Do? A Global Strategy. Chapter 12. Washington, DC.
314. National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program, 2007. NEHRP 2007 Annual Report. http://www.nehrp.gov/pdf/2007NEHRPAnnualReport.pdf.
315. National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program, 2008. NEHRP 2009 Program Budget. http://www.nehrp.gov/pdf/ppt_budget_fy09.pdf.
316. National Flood Insurance Program, 2008. Flood statistics. http://www.floodsmart.gov/floodsmart/pages/statistics.jsp.
317. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 2005. Emergency preparedness and response. http://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/emerg-preparedness/faq.html.
318. Public Broadcasting Service, 2005. American Red Cross troubles, December 14. http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/health/july-dec05/redcross_12-14.html.
319. Public Broadcasting Service, 2006. Fixing FEMA online news hour with Secretary M. Chertoff, February 13. http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/fedagencies/jan-june06/fema_2-13.html.
320. Public Safety Canada, 2008. Is your family prepared? . http://www.emergencypreparednessweek.ca.
321. Reuters, 2007a. WHO confirms human-to-human bird-flu case, December 27. http://www.reuters.com/article/scienceNews/idUSL2732429220071227.
322. Reuters, 2007b. Sarbanes-Oxley spending seen at $6 billion in 2007, February 22. http://www.reuters.com/article/fundsFundsNews/idUSN2217546720070222.
323. Smith J.D. Business Continuity Management: Good Practice Guidelines 2002, Business Continuity Institute, United Kingdom.
324. ThinkProgress.org., 2008. Katrina Timeline. http://thinkprogress.org/katrina-timeline.
325. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2007. Pandemic preparedness planning for US businesses with overseas operations. http://www.pandemicflu.gov/plan/workplaceplanning/businessesoverseaspdf.pdf.
326. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2008. General information on pandemic and avian flu. http://www.pandemicflu.gov/general/index.html.
327. United Nations Development Programme Vulnerability and Risk Assessment 1994, Cambridge Architectural Research Limited, Cambridge. 2nd ed.
328. Washington Post, 2005. Fraud alleged at Red Cross call centers, December 27. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/12/26/AR2005122600654.html.
329. White House, 2005. National strategy for pandemic influenza. http://www.whitehouse.gov/homeland/nspi.pdf.
330. WikiBirdFlu.org., 2007. Relationship between bird flu and SARS. http://www.wikibirdflu.org/page/Relationship1between1Bird1Flu1and1SARS?t5anon.
331. Wikipedia, 2008. Hurricane Katrina. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina.
332. Williams, B., 2005. Sarbanes-Oxley: Another driver for business continuity management. http://www.disaster-resource.com/articles/03p_029.shtml.
333. World Health Organization, 2003. SARS. http://www.wpro.who.int/health_topics/sars/.
334. World Health Organization, 2005. WHO checklist for influenza pandemic preparedness planning. http://www.who.int/entity/csr/resources/publications/influenza/FluCheck6web.pdf.
335. World Health Organization, 2008. Cumulative number of confirmed human cases of avian influenza A/(H5N1) reported to WHO. http://www.who.int/csr/disease/avian_influenza/country/cases_table_2008_01_11/en/index.html.
336. Yale Center for Public Health Preparedness, 2006. Preparedness glossary. http://publichealth.yale.edu/ycphp/Glossary.html.
337. Airline Industry Information (AII), 2002. BALPA issues advice to concerned crew traveling to Washington, DC (October 18).
338. Altheide D.L. Creating Fear: News and the Construction of Crisis 2002, Aldine de Gruyter, New York.
339. Anderson, P. 2002. Sniper suspect linked to tacoma shootings. Seattlepi.com (October 28). http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/local/93210_tacoma28ww.shtml.
340. Ansell J., Wharton F. Risk: Analysis, Assessment, and Management 1992, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, England.
341. Atwater B.F., Marco C.V., Bourgeois J., Dudley W.C., Hendley J.W., Stauffer P.H. Surviving a Tsunami - Lessons Learned from Chile 1999, USGS Information Services, Hawaii, and Japan. Washington, DC.
342. Barger B. At the intersection of bravado and fear. The Washington Post 2002, November(3):B2.
343. Barker J. Montgomery seeks to ensure safety of voters. The Baltimore Sun 2002, October(22):1B.
344. BBC News, 2008, Burmese blog the cyclone (May 8). http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7387313.stm.
345. Bowman S., Willis C. We Media: How Audiences are Shaping the Future of News and Information 2003, The Media Center at the American Press Institute, http://www.hypergene.net/wemedia/download/we_media.pdf.
346. Bremer A.L., Bremer P. The terrorist threat. Terrorism: Informing the Public 2002, 14-39. McCormick Tribune Foundation, Chicago. N. Ethiel (Ed.).
347. Brown J.D., Keller S.N. Can the mass media be healthy sex educators?. Family Planning Perspectives 2000, 32(5):255-256.
348. Bullock, J., 2003. Several Interviews over a 2-Month Period with the Former FEMA Chief of Staff. Washington, DC.
349. Burkhart F.N. Media, Emergency Warnings, and Citizen Response 1991, Westview Press, Boulder, CO.
350. Burma News, 2008. Burmese journals face restriction on cyclone coverage (May 13). http://myamarnews.blogspot.com/2008/05/burmese-journals-face-restrictions-on.html.
351. Catone, J., 2007. Online citizen journalism now undeniably mainstream, readwriteweb. (October 26). http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/online_citizen_journalism_mainstream.php.
352. CBS News, 2002. A deadly journey? crimes and clues. , 540,400. http://www.cbsnews.com/htdocs/maryland_murders/frame-source.html.
353. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2002. Suicide in the United States. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/factsheets/suifacts.htm.
354. Chemical and Biological Arms Control Institute, 2002. What Should We Know? Whom Should We Tell? Leveraging Communication and Information to Counter Terrorism and Its Consequences. Michael J. Powers, Project Director. Washington, DC, December.
355. Chronicle H. Sniper's score: 5 shots, 5 dead. Houston Chronicle 2002, October(4):A1.
356. Clines, F. 2002a. Widening fears, few clues as sixth death is tied to sniper. New York Times, October 5, p. A1.
357. Clines, F., 2002b. The hunt for a sniper. New York Times, October 15, p. A1.
358. CNN, 2002. Bubonic plague suspected in NYC visitors. CNN.com (November 7). http://www.cnn.com/2002/health/11/07/ny.plague/index.html.
359. Cohen B.C. The Press and Foreign Policy 1963, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
360. Connor T., Kennedy H. Cops flood site of VA shooting. Daily News (New York) 2002, October(20):3.
361. Cooper, G., 2007. Burma's bloggers show power of citizen journalism in a crises. Reuters Alert Net (October 3). http://www.alertnet.org/db/blogs/30708/2007/09/3-134022-1.htm.
362. Coppola, C. P., MD. Series of interviews. Dr. Coppola operated on the 13-year-old boy who was shot at the middle school in Bowie, Maryland, on October 7, 2002.
363. Coppola, D., 2002. Unpublished research on public risk perception in Mexico City, Mexico.
364. De Morales L. Did on-the-spot coverage put lawmen on the spot?. The Washington Post 2002, October(24):C1.
365. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), 2003. Ready.gov website. Washington, DC: DHS. http://www.ready.gov.
366. Diaz K., Rourke L.O. D.C. area breathes easier, but not deeply. Star Tribune (Minneapolis) 2002, October(25):20A.
367. Disaster Management Center, 1995. Disaster preparedness. The University of Wisconsin. http://dmc.engr.wisc.edu/courses/preparedness/BB04-intro.html.
368. Dishneau D. Virginia shooting linked to sniper spree. The Toronto Star 2002, October(6):A9.
369. Ebner, J., Herring, L., 2002. In disasters, panic is rare; altruism dominates. American Sociological Association (August 7). http://www.asanet.org/media/panic.html.
370. Eccleston R. Killings have Washington terrorized. The Australian 2002, October(14):12.
371. Economist The logic of irrational fear. The Economist 2002, October:19.
372. Enders J. Measuring community awareness and preparedness for emergencies. Australian Journal of Emergency Management, Spring 2001, 52-59.
373. Fears D., Thomas-Lester A. Blacks express shock at suspects' identity. The Washington Post 2002, October(26):A17.
374. Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2001. Crime in the United States, 2000. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Uniform Crime Reports. Washington, DC: FBI (October 22).
375. Multi Hazard: Identification and Assessment 1997, Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), FEMA, Washington, DC.
376. Making Your Community Disaster Resistant: Project Impact Media Partnership Guide 1998, Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), FEMA, Washington, DC.
377. Federation for American Immigration Reform, 2002a. PMSA. Washington, DC. http://www.fairus.org/html/msas/042dcwdc.htm.
378. Federation for American Immigration Reform, 2002b. Richmond-Petersburg metropolitan area. http://www.fairus.org/html/msas/042varip.htm.
379. National Incident Management System: FEMA 501/Draft August 2007 2007, FEMA, FEMA, Washington, DC.
380. FEMA, 2011. Use of Social Media Tools at FEMA, . http://www.fema.gov/news/newsrelease.fema?id=49302.
381. Fernandez M. Brentwood postal plant fumigation postponed. The Washington Post 2002, November 13:B3.
382. Ferrara, L., 2007. AP's "NowPublicÉ Initiative, Remarks at the Associated Press Managing Editors' Conference. Fast Forward to the Future (October 2). http://www.j-lab.org/apme07notesp5.shtml.
383. Fineman H. The "anxiety election.É. National Affairs 2002, October(21):32.
384. Furedi F. Culture of Fear: Risk-Taking and the Morality of Low Expectation 1997, Cassell, London.
385. Furman M. Good information saves lives. Terrorism: Informing the Public 2002, 54-57. McCormick Tribune Foundation, Chicago. N. Ethiel (Ed.).
386. Gettleman J. The hunt for a sniper: The scene. New York Times 2002, October(21):A14.
387. Gillmor D. We the Media: Grassroots Journalism by the People, for the People 2006, O'Reilly Media Inc.
388. Gillmor, D., Hattotuwa, S., 2007. Citizen journalism and humanitarian aid: boon or bust? ICT for Peacebuilding. http://ict4peace.wordpress.com/2007/07/30/citizen-journalism-and-humanitarian-aid-bane-or-boon/.
389. Glaser, M., 2007. California Wildfire Coverage by Local Media, Blogs, Twitter, Maps and More. MediaShift (October 25). http://www.pbs.org/mediashift/2007/10/the_listcalifornia_wildfire_co_1.html.
390. Glassner B. The Culture of Fear 1999, Basic Books, New York.
391. Global Voices Online, Myanmar cyclone 2008. http://www.globalvoicesonline.org/specialcoverage/myanmar-cyclone-2008/.
392. Government Executive Magazine, 2008. DHS says responders resistant to communications sharing. GovExec.com (April 2). http://www.govexec.com/story_page.cfm?articleid539677%26sid560.
393. Government Printing Office, 2002. U.S. Code Title 28, Part II, Chapter 33, Section 540B. http://www.access.gpo.gov/uscode/uscmain.html.
394. Haddow, G., 2003. Several interviews over a 2-month period with the former FEMA deputy chief of staff. Washington, DC.
395. Hattotuwa, S., 2007. Who is afraid of citizen journalists? Communicating Disasters, TVA Asia Pacific and UNDP Regional Centre in Bangkok, 2007.
396. Helderman R., Goldenbach A. Autumn's diversions disrupted. The Washington Post 2002, October(20):T3.
397. Higham S., Kovaleski S. Encounters with sniper suspects. The Washington Post 2002, November(3):A1.
398. Hurdle J. Holidaying in the line of fire. The Daily Telegraph (London) 2002, October(19):4.
399. Instituto Ciudadano de Estudios Sobre la Inseguridad A.C., 2002. Primera encuesta nacional sobre inseguridad publica en las entidades federativas. Mexico City. May.
400. Irvin C.W., Mattingly D. Anxiety becomes part of daily routine. The Washington Post 2002, October(17):T3.
401. Jacobson, L. 2001. Media - the perception of panic. McGill Tribune via U-Wire, November 14.
402. Jardine C.G., Hrudey S.E. Mixed messages in risk communication. Risk Analysis 1997, 17(4):489-498.
403. Johnson D., Finer J. Sniper casts shadow of fear over weekend. The Washington Post 2002, October(13):C1.
404. Johnson, P., 2002a. Out in TV land, "local news is in bad shape.É USA Today Online, November 11.
405. Johnson P., Moore M. Media reports touch raw nerves in Washington. USA Today 2002, October(10):2A.
406. Jones E.F., Beniger J.R., Westoff C.F. Pill and IUD discontinuation in the United States, 1970-1975: The influence of the media. Fam. Plann. Perspect. 1980, 12(6):293-300.
407. Kennedy H., Mbugua M., Pienciak R. Cops hunt two targets. The Daily News (New York) 2002, October(24):2.
408. Kettl D.F. The Worst Is Yet to Come: Lessons from September 11 to Hurricane Katrina September 2005, Fels Institute of Government, University of Pennsylvania.
409. Kisken T. Climate of fear overblown, sociologist says. Ventura County Star 2001, November(6):B1.
410. Kornblut A. Elusive sniper joins DC's nightmares. The Boston Globe 2002, October(20):A1.
411. Kovaleski S., Ruane M. Hundreds of leads to a gunman. The Washington Post 2002, October(7):A1.
412. Kovaleski S., Ruane M. Boy, 13, shot by sniper at school. The Washington Post 2002, October(8):A1.
413. Kovaleski S., Williams M. Experts suggest motive is tied to crafts store. The Washington Post 2002, October(16):A13.
414. Kurtz H. The leak that sank the suspects. The Washington Post 2002, October(25):C1.
415. Laituri, M., Kodrich, K., 2008. On Line Disaster Response Community: People as Sensors of High Magnitude Disasters Using Internet GIS. Sensors, Colorado State University. http://www.mdpi.org/sensors/papers/s8053037.pdf.
416. Lambert R. The Washington sniper is not the only fear stalking the United States right now. The Times (London) 2002, October:18.
417. Layton L., Shaver K. Experts, travelers question efficacy of massive dragnets. The Washington Post 2002, October(23):A17.
418. Lichtblau E., van Natta D. The hunt for a sniper. New York Times 2002, October(25):A1.
419. Lippmann W. Public Opinion 1922, Free Press, New York.
420. Lochhead C. One year later. San Francisco Chronicle 2002, September(12):A17.
421. Loughlin, S., 2002. Sniper probe "unprecedentedÉ for region. CNN Washington Bureau (October 24).
422. Macalester College, 2002. Serial Killers. http://www.macalester.edu/academics/psychology/whathap/ubnrp/serialkillers/serialkillers.html.
423. May A.L. First Informers in the Disaster Zone: The Lessons of Katrina 2006, The Aspen Institute.
424. McCallum D.B., Hammond S.L., Morris L. Public Knowledge of Chemical Risks in Six Communities 1990, Georgetown University Medical Center, Institute for Health Policy Analysis, Washington, DC.
425. McCombs M., Shaw D. The agenda-setting function of mass media. Public Opin. Q. 1972, 36:176-187.
426. McCormick Tribune Foundation Terrorism: Informing the public. Cantigny Conference Series 2002, 173-193. McCormick Tribune Foundation, Chicago. N. Ethiel (Ed.).
427. McDivitt J.A., Zimicki S., Hornik R., Abulaban A. The impact of the healthcom mass media campaign on timely initiation of breastfeeding in Jordan. Stud. Fam. Plann. 1993, 24(5):295-309.
428. Memmott M. How to cope? Keep guard and spirits up. USA Today 2002, October(18):6A.
429. Memmott M. Fear may be overwhelming, but so are the odds. USA Today 2002, October(18):6A.
430. METRO, 1998. Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority. National Transit Database. http://www.ntdprogram.com/NTD/Profiles.nsf/19981301Largest1Agencies/3030/$File/P3030.PDF.
431. Miga A. Sniper "witnessÉ arrested. The Boston Herald 2002, October(19):3.
432. Miga A. Death penalty sought for sniper. The Boston Herald 2002, October(26):1.
433. Miga A., Rothstein K. Zeroing in. The Boston Herald 2002, October(24):1.
434. Mileti D.S. Disasters by Design 1999, Joseph Henry Press, Washington, DC.
435. Miller J. Who? how? when? what? where?. Terrorism: Informing the Public 2002, 50-54. McCormick Tribune Foundation, Chicago. N. Ethiel (Ed.).
436. Moore M.T. Presentation at the NAS Natural Disasters Roundtable 2002, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, October 31.
437. Morello C., Stockwell J. No attacks, no arrests, no shortage of anxiety. The Washington Post 2002, October(14):A1.
438. Morello C., White J. Eighth killing linked to sniper. The Washington Post 2002, October(12):A1.
439. Morello C., Davenport C., Harris H. Pair seized in sniper attacks. The Washington Post 2002, October(25):A1.
440. Morgan M.G., Fischoff B., Bostrom A., Atman C.J. Risk Communication: A Mental Models Approach 2002, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
441. Morin R., Deane C. Half of area residents in fear, post poll finds. The Washington Post 2002, October(24):A1.
442. Mullis J.-P. Persuasive communication issues in disaster management. Aust. J. Emerg. Manage. 1998, (Autumn):51-58.
443. Nakamura D., Davis P. Suddenly, D.C. gas looks cheap enough. The Washington Post 2002, October(15):A7.
444. Naudet, J., Naudet, G., 2001. September 11 Documentary. CBS. Two-hour film shot during the September 11 World Trade Center attack response.
445. Nelken D. Selling Science: How the Press Covers Science and Technology 1987, W.H. Freeman, New York.
446. Nielsen S., Lidstone J. Public education and disaster management: Is there any guiding theory?. Aust. J. Emerg. Manage. 1998, (Spring):14-19.
447. Ottawa Citizen Canadians told to avoid Washington. The Ottawa Citizen 2002, October(13):A8.
448. Partnership for Public Warning (PPW), 2003. A national strategy for integrated dissemination of public policy and capability. http://www.partnershipforpublicwarning.org/ppw/docs/nationalstrategy.pdf.
449. Partnership for Public Warning (PPW), 2008. PPW mission. http://www.partnershipforpublicwarning.org/ppw/about.html#mission.
450. Patrick A. Eight dead, but still no real clues. Sunday Age (Melbourne) 2002, October(13):1.
451. Pelton T. 36% of Americans wash up after handling mail. The Baltimore Sun 2001, December(18):8A.
452. Perspectives.org, 2002. Friend's apparent accidental shot lodges near brain. http://www.perspectivescs.org/guns/example2.htm.
453. Phillips C. Malvo spent childhood looking for father figure. The Seattle Times 2002, November(21):A1.
454. Pienciak R., Kennedy H. Sniper's ransom. The Daily News (New York) 2002, October(22):3.
455. Piotrow P.T., Rimon J.G., Winnard K., Kincaid D.L., Huntington D., Convisser J. Mass media family planning promotion in three Nigerian cities. Stud. Fam. Plann. 1990, 21(5):265-274.
456. Raphael B. When Disaster Strikes: How Individuals and Communities Cope with Catastrophes 1986, Basic Books, New York.
457. Rashbaum W., Flynn K. Sniper hits a teacher at Stuyvesant town. New York Times 2002, October(3):B1.
458. Reel M. A region running scared?. The Washington Post 2002, October(19):A1.
459. Reid T. Al Qaeda trained snipers for U.S. attacks. The Times (London) 2002, October(19):21.
460. Rennie D. Sniper stretches city's nerves to breaking point. The Daily Telegraph (London) 2002, October(22):10.
461. Rincon, J., 2008. Myanmar: Citizen videos in Cyclone Nargis aftermath. Reuters Global News Blog (May 16). http://www.blogs.reuters.com/global/tag/burma/.
462. Ropeik, D. 2002a. Fear factors in an age of terrorism. MSNBC Online (October 15).
463. Ropeik D. We should fear too much fear. Mil. J. Sentinel 2002, October(23):23A.
464. Ropeik, D. 2002c. Presentation on risk perception. The National Academy of Sciences Roundtable on Natural Disasters, October, p. 31.
465. Ruane M., Stockwell J. Montgomery bus driver fatally shot. The Washington Post 2002, October(23):A1.
466. Schulte B. Schools shaken by threat but won't shut down. The Washington Post 2002, October(23):A1.
467. Select Bipartisan Committee to Investigate the Preparation for and Response to Hurricane Katrina, 2006. A failure of initiative: Final report of the special Bipartisan Committee to investigate the preparation for and response to Hurricane Katrina. Government Printing Office (February 15). http://www.gpoacess.gov/congress/index.hmtl.
468. Self Knowledge, 2002. Definition of fear. http://www.selfknowledge.com/35217.htm.
469. Shales T. TV news feels its way in dark times. The Washington Post 2002, October(23):C1.
470. Shirky C. Here Comes Everybody: The Power of Organizing Without Organizations 2008, The Penguin Press.
471. Shrader-Frechette K.S. Risk and Rationality 1991, University of California Press, Berkeley.
472. Singer E., Endreny P.M. Reporting on Risk: How the Mass Media Portray Accidents, Diseases, Disasters, and Other Hazards 1993, Russell Sage Foundation, New York.
473. Slovic P. Informing and educating the public about risk. Risk Analysis 1986, 6(4):403-415.
474. Slovic P., Fischhoff B., Lichtenstein S. Rating the risks. Environment 1979, 21(3):14-20. 36-39.
475. Slovic P., Fischhoff B., Lichtenstein S. Facts and fears: Understanding perceived risk. Societal Risk Assessment: How Safe Is Safe Enough? 1980, 181-214. Plenum, New York. R. Schwing, W.A. Albers (Eds.).
476. Slovic P., Fischhoff B., Lichtenstein S. Cognitive processes and societal risk taking. Cognition and Social Behavior 1996, 165-184. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Potomac, MD. J.S. Carroll, J.W. Payne (Eds.).
477. Snyder D. Fear is traveling the lanes of I-95. The Washington Post 2002, October(21):A14.
478. Stabe, M., 2007. California wildfires: A round up. OJB Online Journalism Blog (October 25). http://www.onlinejournalismblog.com/2007/10/25/california-wildfires-a-roundup/.
479. STATS, 2002. Abducting the headlines. http://www.stats.org/newsletters/0208/abduction.htm.
480. Stephen, A. 2002. America - Andrew Stephen reports on panic in Washington. New Statesman, Ltd (October 22).
481. Stockwell J., Ruane M., White J. Man shot to death at Pr. William gas station. The Washington Post 2002, October(10):A1.
482. Sun L.H., Ly P. Story "not about me,É reserved Moose says. The Washington Post 2002, October(28):A10.
483. The Australian Sniper search goes airborne. The Australian 2002, October(17):8.
484. Thomas, P. 2003. The Anthrax Attacks. New York: The Century Foundation (June 1).
485. Timberg C., Shear M. Dragnet comes up empty again. The Washington Post 2002, October(21):A1.
486. Townsend, F.F., 2006. The Federal Response to Hurricane Katrina Lessons Learned. The White House, February 2006.
487. Tresniowski A., Podesta J.S., Morehouse M., Billups A. Stalked by fear. People Magazine 2002, October(28):58.
488. Twomey J. Media fuels fear about youth crime. The Baltimore Sun 2001, May(13):1C.
489. Vulliami E. America stays indoors as sniper roams free. The Observer 2002, October(13):1.
490. Wagner, M., 2007. Google Maps and Twitter are essential resources for California fires. Information Week (October 24). http://www.informationweek.com/blog/main/archives/2007/10/google_maps_and.html.
491. Walker W. Terror grips D.C. region. Toronto Star 2002, October(23):A20.
492. Wallace, C. 2002. A new kind of killer? ABC News (October 15).
493. Walsh J. True Odds: How Risk Affects Your Everyday Life 1996, Merritt Publishing, Santa Monica, CA.
494. Ward B. History's lessons lost in the turmoil. The Ottawa Citizen 2001, September(18):A10.
495. Warner K.E. The epidemiology of coffin nails. Health Risks and the Press: Coverage on Media Coverage of Risk Assessment and Health 1989, 73-88. The Media Institute, Washington, DC. M. Moore (Ed.).
496. Warr M. Fear of crime in the United States: Avenues for research and policy. Measurement and Analysis of Crime and Justice 2000, 451-489. National Institute of Justice, Rockville, MD. D. Duffee (Ed.).
497. Crime and justice. The Washington Post 2002, October(3):B2. Washington Post.
498. Washington area sniper poll. The Washington Post 2002, October:24. Washington Post.
499. Washkuch, F., 2008. Relief groups turn to Twitter amid crises. PR Week (May 20). http://www.prweekus.com/Relief-groups-turn-to-Twitter-amid-crises/article/110368/.
500. Watson, D., 2000. Statement of Mr. Dale Watson, Asst. Director, FBI Counterterrorism Division, before the Subcommittee on National Security. U.S. House of Representatives (March 22).
501. Watson R. Suburbs in terror of the Beltway sniper after boy is shot. The Times (London) 2002, October:8.
502. Waugh W.L. Living with Hazards, Dealing with Disasters: An Introduction to Emergency Management 2000, M.E. Sharpe, New York.
503. Wenham B. The media and disasters: Building a better understanding. International Disaster Communications: Harnessing the Power of Communications to Avert Disasters and Save Lives 1994, The Annenberg Washington Program, Washington, DC, http://www.annenberg.northwestern.edu/pubs/disas/disas6.htm. F.H. Cate (Ed.).
504. Westoff C.F., Rodriguez G. The mass media and family planning in Kenya. Int. Fam. Plan. Perspect. 1995, 21(1):26-31. 36.
505. Whitlock, C. 2002. The sniper case: Out of 90,000 calls, just 3 broke it open. Post Gazette (Pittsburgh) (October 25). http://www.post-gazette.com/nation/20021025probenat2p2.asp.
506. Wiggins C. Warm waters attract people and sharks. The Standard (Baker County) 2002, March:27.
507. Willis J. Reporting on Risks: The Practice and Ethics of Health and Safety Communication 1997, Praeger, Westport, CT.
508. Wilson R. Analyzing the daily risks of life. Technology Review 1979, 81(4):41-46.
509. Winston J.A. Science and the media: The boundaries of truth. Health Aff. 1985, 6:5-23.
510. Witzer M. In sub-Saharan Africa, levels of knowledge and use of contraceptives are linked to media exposure. Int. Fam. Plan. Perspect. 1997, 23(4):183-184.
511. YouTube, . http://www.youtube.com/user/AfterNargisYgn.
512. American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 2011. AAAS XXXVI: Research and Development FY2012. http://www.aaas.org/spp/rd/rdreport2012/.
513. DHS, 2004. National Response Plan. http://www.scd.hawaii.gov/documents/nrp.pdf.
514. DHS, 2011, Under Secretary Tara O'Toole, Science and Technology Directorate, before the House Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Homeland Security. S&T Fiscal Year 2012 Budget Request. http://www.dhs.gov/ynews/testimony/testimony_1301519363336.shtm.
515. Department of Homeland Security, 2003. Medical treatment of radiological casualties. http://www.appc1.va.gov/emshg/docs/Radiologic_Medical_Countermeasures_051403.pdf.
516. Office of Homeland Security, 2002. National strategy for homeland security. http://www.whitehouse.gov/homeland/book.
517. Telecommunications Service Priority, 2003. Welcome to the TSP website, National Coordination Center for Telecommunications (NCC), December 4. http://tsp.ncs.gov/.
518. Criss, K., 2005. E-mail message to George Haddow, July 14.
519. Peckenpaugh, J., 2004. Regional Homeland Security Offices Will Be Small. GovExec.Com, March 24. http://www.govexec.com/story_page.cfm?articleid528072%26printerfriendlyVers51%26.