Russian conservatism and its critics: A study in political culture

Russian Conservatism and Its Critics: A Study in Political Culture

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 1-216

  Pipes, Richard ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84902754686     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (389)

1. Karamzin's Memoir on Ancient and Modern Russia: A Translation and Analysis (Cambridge, Mass., 1959).
2. Struve: Liberal on the Left (Cambridge, Mass., 1970)
3. Struve: Liberal on the Right (Cambridge, Mass., 1980).
4. Russia Under the Old Regime (London, 1974).
5. V. A. Tvardovskaia, Ideologiia poreformennogo samoderzhaviia (Moscow, 1978), 6-7.
6. V. Ia. Grosul and V. Ia. Grosul, ed., Russkii konservatizm XIX stoletiia: ideologiia i praktika (Moscow, 2000), 13.
7. Financial Times, March 3, 2004
8. Izvestiia, January 22, 2004.
9. David Hume, Essays Moral, Political, and Literary (London, 1875), 1: 125.
10. Auguste Comte, Cours de philosophie positive, vol. 1 (Paris, 1998), 38.
11. Cited in Economist, January 17, 2004, 72.
12. Richard Pipes, Karamzin's Memoir on Ancient and Modern Russia: A Translation and Analysis (Cambridge, Mass., 1959), 139.
13. Alexandre Moret, Histoire de l'Orient (Paris, 1941), 1: 277.
14. Max Weber, General Economic History (New Brunswick, N.J., 1981), 44.
15. V. V. Bartold, Sochineniia (Moscow, 1968), 5: 22-23
16. A. M. Khazanov, Nomads and the Outside World (Cambridge, 1984), 229.
17. Roland Mousnier, La monarchie absolue en Europe (Paris, 1982), 93.
18. The Complete Works of Tacitus, ed. Moses Hadas, trans. Alfred John Church and William Jackson Brodribb (New York, 1942), 714, 712.
19. Eryl W. Davies in The World of Ancient Israel, ed. R. E. Clements (Cambridge, 1989), 358.
20. Johannes Hasebroek, Griechische Wirtschafts- und Gesellschaftsgeschichte bis zur Perserzeit (Tübingen, 1931), 3
21. Michael Jameson in The Greek City, ed. Oswyn Murray and Simon Price (Oxford, 1990), 173.
22. Richard Pipes, Land Tenure in Pre-Roman Antiquity and Its Political Consequences (Cambridge, Mass., 2000).
23. Charles Howard McIlwain, The Growth of Political Thought in the West (New York, 1932), 367.
24. Quoted in J. H. Elliott, Imperial Spain, 1469-1716 (New York, 1967), 73.
25. J. W. Allen, A History of Political Thought in the Sixteenth Century (London, 1960), 418-19.
26. J. H. Burns in Absolutism in Seventeenth Century Europe, ed. John Miller (Hound-mills, England, 1990), 28-29.
27. Sir Henry Maine, Ancient Law (New York, 1864), 124, 126.
28. Jacques Ellul, Histoire des Institutions (Paris, 1955), 1: 684.
29. Matthias Becher, Charlemagne, trans. David S. Bachrach (New Haven, 2003), 100-101.
30. Louis Halphen in Revue Historique 185 (January-March 1939), 63.
31. Pierre Riché, The Carolingians (Philadelphia, 1993), 125-26.
32. A. J. Carlyle, A History of Mediaeval Political Thought (Edinburgh, 1927), 1: 221
33. Jean Reviron, Jonas d'Orléans et son "De institutione regia" (Paris, 1930), 93.
34. Charles Johnson in The Legacy of the Middle Ages (Oxford, 1938), 468.
35. A. R. Myers, Parliaments and Estates in Europe to 1789 (London, 1975), 29.
36. J. C. Holt in Past and Present, no. 57 (1972), 7.
37. Marc Bloch, Feudal Society (Chicago, 1964), 2: 451-52.
38. Robert von Keller, Freiheitsgarantien für Person und Eigentum im Mittelalter (Heidelberg, 1933).
39. Fritz Hartung and Roland Mousnier in Relazioni of the Tenth International Congress of Historical Sciences (Florence, 1955), 4: 10.
40. Fritz Hartung and Roland Mousnier in Relazioni of the Tenth International Congress of Historical Sciences (Florence, 1955), 4: 8.
41. François Olivier-Martin, L'absolutisme français (Paris, 1988), 227-28.
42. Rostislav Fadeev, Russkoe obshchestvo v nastoiashchem i budushchem: (Chem nam byt'?) (St. Petersburg, 1874), 57.
43. J. Michael Hittle, The Service City: State and Townsmen in Russia, 1600-1800 (Cambridge, Mass., 1979), 34.
44. N. N. Kostomarov in VE, no. 12 (1870), 500-502.
45. N. Pavlov-Silvanskii, Feodalizm v drevnei Rusi (St. Petersburg, 1907).
46. P. N. Miliukov in B&E 35A (1902), 548.
47. Werner Philipp in Forschungen zur Osteuropäischen Geschichte 1 (1954), 20-21.
48. Marshall T. Poe, "A People Born to Slavery" (Ithaca, 2000), 217-18.
49. Poe's Foreign Descriptions of Muscovy (Columbus, Ohio, 1995).
50. I. U. Budovnits, Russkaia publitsistika XVI veka (Moscow, 1947), 188.
51. Teodor Taranowski, Historya prawa rosyjskiego (Lwów, 1928), 1: 82-83.
52. M. Diakonov's Vlast' moskovskikh gosudarei (St. Petersburg, 1889).
53. M. Diakonov in B&E 9 (1893), 424.
54. Istoriia soslovii v Rossii, 2nd ed. (Moscow, 1914), 72.
55. Istoriia soslovii v Rossii, 2nd ed. (Moscow, 1914), 71.
56. R. C. Howes, The Testaments of the Grand Princes of Moscow (Ithaca, N.Y., 1967), 182-83.
57. M. K. Liubavskii, Lektsii po drevnei russkoi istorii do kontsa xvi veka (Moscow, 1915), 213.
58. S. F. Platonov, Lektsii po russkoi istorii, 8th ed. (St. Petersburg, 1913), 114-16.
59. M. N. Kovalenskii, Proiskhozhdenie tsarskoi vlasti, 2nd ed. (Moscow, 1922), 19.
60. V. B. Eliashevich, Istoriia prava pozemel'noi sobstven-nosti v Rossii (Paris, 1948), 1: 156.
61. "Patriarshaia ili Nikonovskaia Letopis'," in Polnoe sobranie russkikh letopisei (St. Petersburg, 1901), 12: 181.
62. V. Sergeevich, Lektsii i issledovaniia po drevnei istorii russkogo prava, 3rd ed. (St. Petersburg, 1903), 155
63. V. Sergeevich, Drevnosti russkogo prava, 3rd ed. (St. Petersburg, 1908), 2: 41-50.
64. S. M. Solovev, Istoriia Rossii (Moscow, 1960), 3: 63.
65. Dukhovnye i dogovornye gramoty velikikh i udelnykh kniazei XIV-XVI vv. (Moscow-Leningrad, 1950).
66. Boris Chicherin, Opyty po istorii russkogo prava (Moscow, 1858), 276-77, 284-85.
67. Werner Philipp in Festschrift für Dmytro Čyževśkyj zum 60. Geburtstag (Berlin, 1954), 230-37.
68. The Moscovia of Antonio Possevino, S.J. (Pittsburgh, 1977), 9.
69. I. G. Korb, Dnevnik poezdki v moskovskoe gosudarstvo Ignatiia Khristofora Gvarienta, posla Imperatora Leopol'da I, k Tsariu i Velikomu Kniaziu Moskovskomu Petru Pervomu, v 1698 godu, vedennyi sekretarem posol'stva Ioannom Georgom Korbom (Moscow, 1867), 277-78.
70. M. Diakonov, Ocherki obshchestvennogo i gosudarstvennogo stroia drevnei Rusi, 4th ed. (St. Petersburg, 1912), 429.
71. N. I. Lazarevskii, Russkoe gosudarstvennoe pravo, 3rd ed. (St. Petersburg, 1913), 1: 165.
72. N. Khlebnikov, O vlianii obshchestva na organizatsiiu gosudarstva v tsarskii period russkoi istorii (St. Petersburg, 1869), 171.
73. Augustin Mayerberg in Chteniia v Imperatorskom Obshchestve Istorii i Drevnosti Rossiiskikh, no. 4 (1873), part 4, 166.
74. A. Zaozerskii in ZhMNP, June 1909, 304.
75. A. Zaozerskii in ZhMNP, June 1909, 336.
76. Land Assemblies in Opyty i issledovaniia (Petrograd, 1918), 358-472
77. Jean Bodin, The Six Bookes of a Commonwealth (1606) (Cambridge, Mass., 1962), 200.
78. V. O. Kliuchevskii, Skazaniia inostrantsev o moskovskom gosudarstve (Moscow, 1916).
79. François Bernier, Travels in the Mogul Empire (London, 1891), 5.
80. Lawrence Krader, The Asiatic Mode of Production (Assen, Netherlands, 1975), 19-26.
81. E. Varga in Ocherki po problemam politekonomii kapitalizma (Moscow, 1964), 362-63.
82. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Werke (Berlin, 1963), 28: 254.
83. K. Z. Ashrafian in Fenomen vostochnogo despotizma (Moscow, 1993), 116.
84. I. E. Zabelin in VE, no. 2 (1871), 500.
85. Julius Kaerst, Geschichte des Hellenismus, 2nd ed. (Leipzig-Berlin, 1926), 2: 335.
86. M. Lemke in Mir Bozhii, September, 1905, 19.
87. Nikolai P. Barsukov, Zhizn' i trudy M. P. Pogodina (St. Petersburg, 1896), 10: 538.
88. S. S. Tatishchev, Imperator Aleksandr II: Ego zhizn' i tsarstvovanie (St. Petersburg, 1903), 1: 525.
89. S. G. Svatikov, Obshchestvennoe dvizhenie v Rossii (1700-1895), Part 2 (Rostov on Don, 1905), 53, 57.
90. N. M. Pirumova, Zemskoe liberal'noe dvizhenie (Moscow, 1977), 208.
91. A. F. Koni, cited in VE, July 1912, 290.
92. John P. LeDonne, Absolutism and Ruling Class (New York, 1991), 297.
93. M. Aleksandrov, Gosudarstvo, biurokratiia i absoliutizm v istorii Rossii (St. Petersburg, 1910), 5-6
94. G. N. Moiseeva, Valaamskaia Beseda (Moscow, 1958), 4.
95. Daniel Ostrowski in SEER 64, no. 3 (July 1986), 355-79.
96. A. A. Zimin, I. S. Peresvetov i ego sovremenniki: ocherki po russkoi obshchestvennopoliticheskoi mysli serediny XVI veka (Moscow, 1958), 300-301.
97. Vladimir A. Miliutin, O nedvizhimykh imushchestvakh dukhovenstva v Rossii (Moscow, 1859-61), 121
98. E. Golubinskii, Istoriia russkoi tserkvi, vol. 2, part 2 (The Hague, 1969), 107.
99. Georgii Florovskii, Puti russkogo bogosloviia (Paris, 1982), 17.
100. I. Iu. Budovnits, Russkaia publitsistika XV veka (Moscow, 1947), 175.
101. A. S. Arkhangelskii, Nil Sorskii i Vassian Patrikeev, I (St. Petersburg, 1882), 194
102. N. A. Kazakova, Ocherki po istorii russkoi obshchestvennoi mysli (Leningrad, 1970), 159.
103. V. F. Rzhiga in Trudy 1 (1934), 13.
104. V. F. Rzhiga in Trudy 1 (1934), 11-13.
105. V. F. Rzhiga in Trudy 10 (1954), 205-7
106. N. A. Kazakova, Vassian Patrikeev i ego sochineniia (Moscow, 1960), 257-58.
107. A. I. Klibanov, Reformatsionnye dvizheniia v Rossii v XIV-pervoi polovine XVI v.v. (Moscow, 1960), 135.
108. N. A. Kazakova and Ia. S. Lure, Antifeodal'nye ereticheskie dvizheniia na Rusi XIV-nachala XVI veka (Moscow, 1955), 7-73.
109. Dmitrij Tschižewskij, Russische Geistesgeschichte (Munich, 1959), 1: 72
110. M. N. Speranskii, Istoriia drevnei russkoi literatury, 2nd ed. (Moscow, 1914), 429-32.
111. N. Khlebnikov, O vlianii obshchestva na organizatsiiu gosudarstva v tsarskii period russkoi istorii (St. Petersburg, 1869), 137-41.
112. Vasilii Zhmakin, Metropolit Daniil i ego sochineniia (Moscow, 1881), 47.
113. Valerie A. Tumins and George Vernadsky, eds., Patriarch Nikon on Church and State (Berlin, 1982), 21.
114. Élie Denissoff, Maxime le Grec et l'Occident (Paris, 1943).
115. Golubinskii, Istoriia russkoi tserkvi, vol. 2, part 1 (Moscow, 1900), 816.
116. A. A. Zimin in Trudy 12 (1956), 163-64.
117. Letopisi Zaniatii Arkheograficheskoi Komissii, vol. 21 (1908). Supplement edited by V. G. Druzhinin (St. Petersburg, 1909), 106-13.
118. Richard Pipes, Property and Freedom (New York, 1999), 30.
119. Vladimir Soloviev, Sobranie Sochinenii (St. Petersburg, [1902]), 5: 513n.
120. R. M. French, The Eastern Orthodox Church (London, 1951), 28
121. R. M. French, Car und Selbstherrscher (Wiesbaden, 1964), 34.
122. P. Miliukov, Ocherki po istorii russkoi kul'tury (Paris, 1930), 3: 50-53.
123. Polnoe sobranie russkikh letopisei, vol. 21 (St. Petersburg, 1908, 1913).
124. They are reproduced in Ivan Zhdanov's Russkii bylevoi epos (St. Petersburg, 1895).
125. M. A. Alpatov, Russkaia istoricheskaia mysl' i zapadnaia Evropa: xvii - pervaia chetvert' xviii veka (Moscow, 1976), 5.
126. The Moscovia of Antonio Possevino, S.J. (Pittsburgh, 1977), 27, 69.
127. N. F. Kapterev, Patriarkh Nikon i Tsar' Aleksei Mikhailovich (Sergeev Posad, 1912), 2: 59-60.
128. Alexander V. Soloviev, Holy Russia: The History of a Religious-Social Idea (The Hague, 1959), 7.
129. Sochineniia I. Peresvetova (Moscow, 1956), 171.
130. Sochineniia I. Peresvetova (Moscow, 1956), 165-68, 170-84.
131. J. L. I. Fennell, ed., The Correspondence Between Prince A.M. Kurbsky and Tsar Ivan IV of Russia, 1564-1579 (Cambridge, 1955).
132. J. L. I. Fennell, ed., The Correspondence Between Prince A.M. Kurbsky and Tsar Ivan IV of Russia, 1564-1579 (Cambridge, 1955). 229
133. J. L. I. Fennell, ed., The Correspondence Between Prince A.M. Kurbsky and Tsar Ivan IV of Russia, 1564-1579 (Cambridge, 1955). 61
134. Richard Pipes and John Fine, Jr., eds., Giles Fletcher, Of the Russe Commonwealth (Cambridge, Mass., 1966), 11-12.
135. M. Diakonov, Vlast' moskovskikh gosudarei (St. Petersburg, 1889), 158.
136. S. M. Soloviev, Istoriia Rossii (Moscow, 1961), 4: 460.
137. Sobranie Gosudarstvennykh Gramot i Dogovorov (Moscow, 1819), 2: 299-300.
138. Sergei Platonov, Lektsii po russkoi istorii (St. Petersburg, 1913), 330-31.
139. Iurii Krizhanich, Politika, ed. M. N. Tikhomirov (Moscow, 1965), 482.
140. V. Valdenberg, Gosudarstvennye idei Krizhanicha (St. Petersburg, 1912), 169, 171-72, 193.
141. William Palmer, The Patriarch and the Tsar (London, 1871), 1: 130.
142. M. V. Zyzykin, Patriarkh Nikon. Ego gosudarstvennye i kanonicheskie idei (Warsaw, 1934), 2: 108
143. Nil Popov, V. N. Tatishchev i ego vremia (Moscow, 1861), 80.
144. Russkii arkhiv, no. 4 (1888), 533-52.
145. Max J. Okenfuss, ed., The Travel Diary of Peter Tolstoi (De Kalb, Ill., 1987).
146. Kliuchevsky, "Petr Pervyi sredi svoikh sotrudnikov," Ocherki i rechi (Moscow, 1913), 471-72.
147. N. I. Pavlenko, Rossiia v period reform Petra I (Moscow, 1973), 60.
148. N. I. Pavlenko, Rossiia v period reform Petra I (Moscow, 1973), 61, 64.
149. Lindsey Hughes, Russia in the Age of Peter the Great (New Haven, 1998), 386.
150. J. von Staehlin, Original Anecdotes of Peter the Great (London, 1788), 305.
151. Samuel Pufendorf, An Introduction to the History of the Principal Kingdoms and States of Europe (London, 1728), 379.
152. P. Pekarskii, Nauka i literatura v Rossii pri Petre Velikom (St. Petersburg, 1862), 1: 325-26.
153. Samuel Pufendorf, Vvedenie v gistoriiu evropeiskuiu (St. Petersburg, 1718), 407-8.
154. I. G. Korb, Dnevnik poezdki v moskovskoe gosudarstvo Ignatiia Khristofora Gvarienta, posla Imperatora Leopol'da I, k Tsariu i Velikomu Kniaziu Moskovskomu Petru Pervomu, v 1698 godu, vedennyi sekretarem posol'stva Ioannom Georgom Korbom (Moscow, 1867), ii-iii.
155. G. V. Plekhanov, Istoriia russkoi obshchestvennoi mysli (Moscow, 1918), 2: 107-8.
156. I. P. Eremin, ed., Feofan Prokopovich: Sochineniia (Moscow, 1961), 76-93, 467.
157. Georgii Gurvich, "Pravda Voli Monarshei," Feofana Prokopovicha i eë zapadno-evropeiskie istochniki (Iurev, 1915), 10, 15.
158. D. A. Korsakov, Iz zhizni russkikh deiatelei XVIII veka (Kazan, 1891), 348-49.
159. V. N. Tatishchev, Istoriia Rossiiskaia (Moscow, 1962), 1: 360-62.
160. V. N. Tatishchev in Utro: literaturnyi sbornik (Moscow, 1859), 372-73.
161. N. L. Rubinshtein, Russkaia istoriografiia (Moscow, 1941), 72.
162. D. Korsakov, Votsarenie Imperatritsy Anny Ioannovny (Kazan, 1880)
163. Paul Miliukov's essay in his Iz istorii russkoi intelligentsii (St. Petersburg, 1902), 1-51.
164. Brenda Meehan-Waters in Cahiers du monde russe et soviétique 12, nos. 1-2 (1971), 34.
165. Sbornik IRIO 5 (1870), 347.
166. Peter Struve in Iz glubiny (Paris, 1967), 292.
167. Richard Pipes, Russia Under the Old Regime (London, 1974), 132-33.
168. Le Grand-Duc Nicolas Mikhailovitch de Russie, Le Comte Paul Stroganov (Paris, 1905), 2: 61-62.
169. A. M. Skabichevskii, Ocherki istorii russkoi tsenzury (1700-1863 g.) (St. Petersburg, 1892), 41.
170. Osmnadatsyi vek, ed. Petr Bartenev (Moscow, 1869), 4: 328.
171. Sochineniia Imperatritsy Ekateriny II, vol. 7 (St. Petersburg, 1901).
172. V. Bogoliubov, N. I. Novikov i ego vremia (Moscow, 1916), 109-10.
173. V. I. Semevskii in Byloe, no. 1 (1906), 8-11.
174. Pustomelia (The Tatler, 1770)
175. Zhivopisets (The Painter, 1772-73
176. Satiricheskie zhurnaly Novikova, ed. P. N. Berkov (Moscow, 1951).
177. G. P. Makogonenko, ed., N. I. Novikov: Izbrannye sochineniia (Moscow, 1954), 215-19.
178. Andrzej Walicki, A History of Russian Thought (Stanford, 1979), 25.
179. Sbornik IRIO 10 (1872), 31.
180. N. N. Alexeiev in Forschungen zur Osteuropäischen Geschichte 6 (1958), 21-27.
181. Persian Letters, trans. C. J. Betts (Hammondsworth, 1973), 111.
182. Jacob Walkin, The Rise of Democracy in Pre-Revolutionary Russia (London, 1963), 38.
183. A. N. Medushevskii, Utverzhdenie absoliutizma v Rossii (Moscow, 1994), 92.
184. O. A. Omelchenko, "Zakonnaia Monarkhiia" Ekateriny II (Moscow, 1993), 80.
185. E. V. Anisimov, Rossiia v seredine XVIII veka (Moscow, 1986), 65.
186. G. A. Gukovskii, Russkaia literatura XVIII veka (Moscow, 1939), 250.
187. Dmitrii Kobeko, Tsesarevich Pavel Petrovich (1754-1796), 3rd ed. (St. Petersburg, 1887).
188. Isabel de Madariaga, Russia in the Age of Catherine the Great (New Haven, 1981), 39.
189. Marc Raeff, Plans for Political Reform in Imperial Russia, 1730-1905 (Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1966), 67.
190. Marc Raeff, Plans for Political Reform in Imperial Russia, 1730-1905 (Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1966), 53-68.
191. Marc Raeff, Plans for Political Reform in Imperial Russia, 1730-1905 (Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1966), 64.
192. David L. Ransel, The Politics of Catherinian Russia: The Panin Party (New Haven, 1975), 121.
193. G. Gukovskii, Ocherki po istorii russkoi literatury XVIII veka (Moscow, 1936), 158-60
194. E. S. Shumigorskii, Imperator Pavel I: Zhizn' i tsarstvovanie (St. Petersburg, 1907), appendix 1, 1-20.
195. E. S. Shumigorskii, Imperator Pavel I: Zhizn' i tsarstvovanie (St. Petersburg, 1907), appendix 7
196. E. S. Shumigorskii, Imperator Pavel I: Zhizn' i tsarstvovanie (St. Petersburg, 1907), appendix 11.
197. Andrzej Walicki, Rosyjska filozofia i myśl społeczna (Warsaw, 1973), 49-50.
198. M. M. Shcherbatov, Neizdannye sochineniia (Moscow, 1935), 55-56.
199. Sochineniia Kniazia M. M. Shcherbatova, vol. 1, ed. P. P. Khrushchov (St. Petersburg, 1896), 219-68
200. M. M. Shcherbatov, On the Corruption of Morals in Russia, trans. and ed. A. Lentin (Cambridge, 1969), 31.
201. V. A. Miakotin, Iz istorii russkogo obshchestva, 2nd ed. (St. Petersburg, 1906), 141.
202. Sochineniia Kniazia M. M. Shcherbatova, vol. 2, ed. P. P. Khrushchov and A. G. Voronov (St. Petersburg, 1898), 133-246.
203. Adam Jerzy Czartoryski, Pamie{ogonek}tniki i Memoriały Polityczne: 1776-1809 (Warsaw, 1986), 322.
204. Georgii Telberg, Pravitel'stvuiushchii Senat (Moscow, 1914), 34-80.
205. A. V. Predtechenskii, Ocherki obshchestvenno-politicheskoi istorii Rossii v pervoi chetverti XIX veka (Moscow, 1957), 217-94.
206. Marc Raeff, Michael Speransky: Statesman of Imperial Russsia, 1772-1839 (The Hague, 1957), 119-69, 204-27.
207. A. N. Fateev, M. M. Speranskii (1809-1909): Biograficheskii Ocherk (Kharkov, 1910), 32n.
208. Vospominaniia Faddeia Bulgarina (St. Petersburg, 1848), 5: 128.
209. S. N. Valk, ed. M. M. Speranskii, Proekty i Zapiski (Moscow, 1961), 143-237.
210. Zapiski Aleksandra Ivanovicha Kosheleva (Berlin, 1884), 32.
211. S. V. Mironenko, Samoderzhavie i reformy. Politicheskaia bor'ba v Rossii v nachale XIX v. (Moscow, 1989), 35.
212. Viktor Leontovich, Istoriia liberalizma v Rossii, 1762-1914 (Paris, 1980), 78-80.
213. "Karamzin's Conception of the Monarchy," originally published in Harvard Slavic Studies 4 (1957), 35-58
214. Russia Observed (Boulder, Colo., 1989), 37-58.
215. N. M. Karamzin, Pis'ma k I. I. Dmitrievu (St. Petersburg, 1866), 249.
216. V. I. Semevskii, Politicheskie i obshchestvennye idei Dekabristov (St. Petersburg, 1909), 206.
217. V. I. Semevskii, Politicheskie i obshchestvennye idei Dekabristov (St. Petersburg, 1909), 205, 206.
218. A. N. Pypin, Obshchestvennoe dvizhenie v Rossii pri Aleksandre I (St. Petersburg, 1908), 377, 549-50.
219. A. N. Pypin, Idealy Dekabristov (Moscow, 1907), 312-14.
220. S. L. Frank, Pushkin kak politicheskii myslitel' (Belgrade, 1937), 32.
221. Nicholas Riasanovsky's Nicholas I and Official Nationality in Russia, 1825-1855 (Berkeley, 1959).
222. Nicholas Riasanovsky's Nicholas I and Official Nationality in Russia, 1825-1855 (Berkeley, 1959). 4
223. V. Ia. Grosul, Russkii konservatizm XIX stoletiia (Moscow, 2000), 148.
224. A. V. Nikitenko, Dnevnik (Leningrad, 1955), 1: 174.
225. Andrei Zorin in Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, no. 26 (1997), 92-95.
226. N. K. Shilder, Imperator Nikolai Pervyi: Ego zhizn' i tsarstvovanie (St. Petersburg, 1903), 1: 705.
227. Sergei M. Soloviev, Moi zapiski dlia detei moikh (St. Petersburg, 1914), 59.
228. Desiatiletie Ministerstva Narodnogo Prosveshcheniia, 1833-1843 (St. Petersburg, 1864), 2-4.
229. Polnoe Sobranie Sochinenii F.I. Tiutcheva (St. Petersburg, 1913), 295.
230. Zofja Klarnerówna, Słowianofilstwo w literaturze polskiej lat 1800 do 1848 (Warsaw, 1926).
231. Zofja Klarnerówna, Słowianofilstwo w literaturze polskiej lat 1800 do 1848 (Warsaw, 1926). 36-37
232. Zofja Klarnerówna, Słowianofilstwo w literaturze polskiej lat 1800 do 1848 (Warsaw, 1926). 54-57
233. Joachim Lelewel, Historya prawodawstw slowiańskich, 2nd ed. (Warsaw, 1856-65).
234. Raymond T. McNally, The Major Works of Peter Chaadaev (Notre Dame, Ind., 1969), 23-51.
235. P. Miliukov, Glavnye techeniia russkoi istoricheskoi mysli (Moscow, 1898), 381.
236. A. I. Gertsen, Sobranie sochinenii v tridtsati tomakh (Moscow, 1956), 7: 91.
237. A. I. Gertsen, Sobranie sochinenii v tridtsati tomakh (Moscow, 1956), 2: 96.
238. A. I. Gertsen, Sobranie sochinenii v tridtsati tomakh (Moscow, 1956), 1: 541, 543.
239. Zvenia, nos. iii-iv (1934), 372-80
240. Cahiers du Monde Russe et Soviétique, nos. 3-4 (1974), 409-13.
241. Andrzej Walicki in his Slavophile Controversy (Oxford, 1975).
242. Alexandre Koyré, La Philosophie et le probleme national en Russie au début du XIXe siecle (Paris, 1929), 161
243. N. L. Brodskii, Rannie Slavianofily (Moscow, 1910), 96.
244. A. Pypin, Kharakteristiki literaturnykh mnenii ot dvadsatykh do piatidesiatykh godov, 4th ed. (St. Petersburg, 1909), 371-72.
245. A. Pypin, Kharakteristiki literaturnykh mnenii ot dvadsatykh do piatidesiatykh godov, 4th ed. (St. Petersburg, 1909), 400-401.
246. M. Gershenzon, Istoricheskie Zapiski (Moscow, 1910), 126.
247. A. D. Sukhov, Stoletniaiia diskussia (Moscow, 1998), 74.
248. Madame de Staël, Dix années d'exil (Brussels, 1821), 235.
249. P. N. Sakulin, Iz istorii russkogo idealizma: Kniaz' V. F. Odoevskii-Myslitel'-pisatel', vol. 1, part 1 (Moscow, 1913), 386-87.
250. Dmitrij Tschižewskij, ed., Hegel bei de Slaven, 2nd ed. (Darmstadt, 1961), 149.
251. B. E. Nolde, Iurii Samarin i ego vremia (Paris, 1926), 70.
252. Charles A. Moser, Antinihilism in the Russian Novel of the 1860's (The Hague, 1964), 44.
253. Sochineniia I. S. Aksakova (Moscow, 1886), 2: 3-4.
254. Michael Katkov in RV 40 (July 1862), 411.
255. Slavic Review 30, no. 3 (1971), 615-18.
256. Vospominaniia Borisa Nikolaevicha Chicherina: Puteshestvie za granitsu (Moscow, 1932), 22-23.
257. Pis'ma Pobedonostseva k Aleksandru III (Moscow, 1926), 2: 141.
258. [A. Kornilov], Obshchestvennoe dvizhenie pri Aleksandre II (1855-1881) (Paris, 1905), 68.
259. Eugene Pyziur in SEER 45, no. 105 (1967), 446, 449.
260. Peter Struve in Russen über Russland: Ein Sammelwerk, ed. Josef Melnik (Frankfurt am Main, 1906), 2.
261. Michael Katkov in RV 40 (1862), 425-26.
262. S. Nevedenskii, Katkov i ego vremia (St. Petersburg, 1888), 420.
263. V. A. Tvardovskaia, Ideologiia poreformennogo samoderzhaviia (Moscow, 1978), 128-30.
264. Michael Katkov in Russkie Vedomosti, no. 237, October 29, 1867
265. Michael Katkov in Russkie Vedomosti, no. 237, October 29, 1867 81
266. R. I. Sementkovskii, M. N. Katkov (St. Petersburg, 1891), 72-74.
267. Jan Kucharzewski, Od białego caratu do czerwonego (Warsaw, 1931), 4: 18-20.
268. Michael Katkov, Letter to Alexander III, 1886, Byloe, no. 4/26 (1917), 6.
269. Michael Katkov in Moskovskie Vedomosti, no. 99, April 9, 1881
270. Sobranie sochinenii Vladimira Sergeevicha Solov'eva (St. Petersburg, [1902]), 5: 196.
271. Andrzej Walicki, The Slavophile Controversy (Oxford, 1975), 475-76.
272. Iu. F. Samarin, Izbrannye proizvedeniia (Moscow, 1996), 11.
273. Lorenz von Stein, History of the Social Movement in France (Totowa, N.J., 1964), 25-33
274. Sochineniia Iu. F. Samarina (Moscow, 1878), 2: 28.
275. Sochineniia Iu. F. Samarina (Moscow, 1878), 2: 17-136.
276. Gerda Hucke, Jurij Fedorovič Samarin (Munich, 1970), 85.
277. Correspondance de G. Samarine avec la Baronne de Rahden, 1861-1876 (Moscow, 1894), 241-42.
278. Iurii Samarin in Rus', no. 29 (1881), 13.
279. Sochineniia Iu. F. Samarina (Moscow, 1911), 12: 68.
280. Rostislav A. Fadeev, Russkoe obshchestvo v nastoiashchem i budushchem: (Chem nam byt'?) (St. Petersburg, 1874).
281. Sobranie Sochinenii R. A. Fadeeva 3, part 1 (St. Petersburg, 1889), 1-207.
282. Edward C. Thaden, Conservative Nationalism in Nineteenth-Century Russia (Seattle, 1964), 146-63.
283. Iu. Samarin and F. Dmitriev, Revoliutsionnyi konservatizm (Berlin, 1875), 10.
284. N. I. Tsimbaev, I. S. Aksakov v obshchestvennoi zhizni poreformennoi Rossii (Moscow, 1978), 121-22.
285. N. I. Tsimbaev, I. S. Aksakov v obshchestvennoi zhizni poreformennoi Rossii (Moscow, 1978), 47-48, 51.
286. Stephen Lukashevich, Ivan Aksakov, 1823-1886 (Cambridge, Mass., 1965), 48, 51.
287. Sochineniia I. S. Aksakova (Moscow, 1886), 26-59.
288. Sochineniia I. S. Aksakova (Moscow, 1886), 2 281.
289. Sochineniia I. S. Aksakova (Moscow, 1886), 2 47.
290. Leonid Grossman in LN, no. 15 (1934), 83-162.
291. David I. Goldstein, Dostoyevsky and the Jews (Austin, 1981).
292. K. Mochulskii, Dostoevskii: Zhizn' i tvorchestvo (Paris, 1947), 7.
293. J. de Proyart in Cahiers du Monde Russe et Soviétique 3, no. 3 (1962), 408-58.
294. Pis'ma Pobedonostseva k Aleksandru III (Moscow, 1925), 1: 315-16.
295. Dnevnik E. A. Perettsa (1880-1883) (Moscow, 1927), 31-46.
296. A. V. Gogolevskii and B. N. Kovalev, eds., Konstitutsionalizm: Istoricheskii put' Rossii k liberal'noi demokratii (Moscow, 2000), 469.
297. Larissa Zakharova in Russia's Great Reforms, 1855-1881, ed. Ben Eklof et al. (Bloomington, Ind., 1994), 34-35.
298. Larissa Zakharova, L'Empire des Tsars et les Russes (Paris, 1882), 2: 599.
299. D. A. Miliutin, Dnevnik (Moscow, 1950), 4: 35.
300. Pobedonostsev i ego korrespondenty 1, part 1 (Moscow, 1923), 51-52.
301. Moskovskie vedomosti, April 30, 1881,
302. V. I. Zhirovov in Rossiiskaia monarkhiia, ed. M. D. Karpachev (Voronezh, 1998), 143.
303. Robert F. Byrnes, Pobedonostsev: His Life and Thought (Bloomington, Ind., 1968), 301.
304. [V. P. Meshcherskii, Vospominaniia (Moscow, 2001), 633-34.
305. Sergei Iu. Vitte, Vospominaniia: Detstvo, tsarstvovanie Aleksandra II i Aleksandra III (1849-1894) (Berlin, 1923), 333-34.
306. A. V. Novikov, Rossiiskie konservatory (Moscow, 2002), 61.
307. Konstantin Pobedonostsev, Moskovskii Sbornik (Moscow, 1896), 102.
308. Konstantin Pobedonostsev, Reflections of a Russian Statesman (Ann Arbor, Mich., 1965), 256.
309. Konstantin Leontiev in LN, nos. 22-24 (1935), 431.
310. V. V. Zenkovskii, Istoriia russkoi filosofii (Paris, 1948), 1: 444.
311. Nikolai Berdiaev, Konstantin Leont'ev (Paris, 1926), 27.
312. Nikolai Berdiaev, Konstantin Leont'ev (Paris, 1926), 35-36.
313. A. D. Sukhov, Stoletniaiia diskussia (Moscow, 1998), 104.
314. Pamiati Konstantina Nikolaevicha Leont'eva (St. Petersburg, 1911), 149-50.
315. Andrzej Walicki, A History of Russian Thought (Stanford, 1979), 306.
316. Robert E. MacMaster, Danilevsky: A Russian Totalitarian Philosopher (Cambridge, Mass., 1967), 120.
317. N. Ia. Danilevskii, Rossiia i Evropa, 5th ed. (St. Petersburg, 1895), 83.
318. N. Ia. Danilevskii, Rossiia i Evropa, 5th ed. (St. Petersburg, 1895), 96.
319. T. G. Masaryk, The Spirit of Russia (London, 1963), 2: 212.
320. Peter Struve in Russkaia mysl', no. 3 (1915), 130-31.
321. Sergei Iulevich Vitte (Moscow, 1999), 1: 111-52
322. S. D. Martynov, Gosudarstvo i ekonomika: Sistema Vitte (St. Petersburg, 2002), esp. chapters 8 and 9, pp. 304-99.
323. B. A. Romanov, Ocherki diplomaticheskoi istorii russkoiaponskoi voiny, 1895-1907 (Moscow, 1955), 126n.
324. A. F. Koni, Na zhiznennom puti (Leningrad, 1929) 5: 262.
325. D. Mackenzie Wallace, Russia (New York, 1881), 202.
326. Theodore H. Von Laue, Sergei Witte and the Industrialization of Russia (New York, 1963), 160-61.
327. Sergei Iulevich Witte in Istorik-Marksist, nos. 2-3 (1935), 133.
328. Avdotia Panaeva, Vospominaniia: 1824-1870, 3rd ed. (Leningrad, 1929), 282.
329. Richard Pipes, Russia Under the Old Regime (London, 1994), 294.
330. Richard Pipes, Un Homme d'état russe (Nicolas Milutine) (Paris, 1884), 109.
331. Die politischen Berichte des Fürsten Bismarck aus Petersburg und Paris (1859-1862) (Berlin, 1920), 2: 129-30.
332. Jacob Walkin, The Rise of Democracy in Pre-Revolutionary Russia (London, 1963), 184.
333. P. A. Valuev in Istoricheskii arkhiv, no. 1 (1958), 141.
334. P. A. Valuev, Etudes russes and européennes (Paris, 1897), 17.
335. [Boris Chicherin], Rossiia nakanune dvadtsatogo stoletiia, 4th ed. (Berlin, 1901), 12-13.
336. Sumner Benson in Forschungen zur Osteuropäischen Geschichte 21 (1975), 20.
337. Konstantin Kavelin in LN 67 (1959), 596.
338. Boris Chicherin, Neskol'ko sovremennykh voprosov (Moscow, 1862), 199.
339. G. M. Hamburg, Boris Chicherin and Early Russian Liberalism, 1828-1866 (Stanford, 1992), 1.
340. Aileen Kelly in Cahiers du monde russe et soviétique 18, no. 3 (1977), 196.
341. Boris Chicherin, O narodnom predstavitel'stve (Moscow, 1866), vii-viii.
342. Boris Chicherin, O narodnom predstavitel'stve (Moscow, 1866), 518.
343. Vospominaniia Borisa Nikolaevicha Chicherina: Moskovskii Universitet (Moscow, 1929), 113-14.
344. Vospominaniia Borisa Nikolaevicha Chicherina: Moskva sorokovykh godov (Moscow, 1929), 22.
345. Boris Chicherin, Mistitsizm v nauke (Moscow, 1880), 60.
346. Andrzej Walicki, A History of Russian Thought (Stanford, 1979), 397.
347. V. A. Tvardovskaia in Rossiiskie Liberaly, ed. B. S. Itenberg and V. V. Shelokhaev (Moscow, 2001), 115.
348. V. A. Tvardovskaia in Rossiiskie Liberaly, ed. B. S. Itenberg and V. V. Shelokhaev (Moscow, 2001), 119, 124.
349. Sobranie Sochinenii A. D. Gradovskogo (St. Petersburg, 1907), 8: 540.
350. L. G. Zakharova, Zemskaia kontrreforma 1890 g. (Moscow, 1968).
351. I. P. Belokonskii, Zemskoe dvizhenie, 2nd ed. (Moscow, 1914), 2.
352. Kolokol, no. 126 (1862), 1,045-46
353. Vladimir Burtsev's Za sto let: 1800-1896 (London, 1897), 1: 61-63.
354. I. P. Belokonskii, Zemstvo i konstitutsiia (Moscow, 1910), 7; Witte, SiZ., 94-95.
355. N. M. Pirumova, Zemskoe liberal'noe dvizhenie (Moscow, 1977), 75, 91.
356. Peter Struve, Kriticheskie zametki k voprosu ob ekonomicheskom razvitii Rossii (St. Petersburg, 1894).
357. Peter Struve in Voprosy Filosofii i Psikhologii 12, no. 59 (1901), 501.
358. Peter Struve in Voprosy Filosofii i Psikhologii 12, no. 59 (1901), 525.
359. Peter Struve in Voprosy Filosofii i Psikhologii 12, no. 59 (1901), 512.
360. Peter Struve in Sever'nyi Kur'er, no. 1 (November 1-13, 1899), 2.
361. Peter Struve in Osvobozhdenie 1, no. 1 (1902), 5.
362. Peter Struve in Osvobozhdenie 1, no. 1 (1902), 1.
363. Peter Struve in Osvobozhdenie 1, no. 20-21 (1903), 357.
364. Peter Struve in Osvobozhdenie 1, no. 7 (1903), 102.
365. Peter Struve in Osvobozhdenie 1, no. 1 (1902), 14.
366. S. V. Shelokhaev in Itenberg and Shelokhaev, Rossiiskie liberaly, 442.
367. D. N. Shipov, Vospominaniia i dumy o perezhitom (Moscow, 1918), 144-45.
368. V. I. Lenin, Polnoe sobranie sochinenii, 5th ed. (Moscow, 1958-65), 41: 383.
369. Abraham Ascher, P. A. Stolypin (Stanford, 2001), 29.
370. Edward J. Bing, ed., The Letters of Tsar Nicholas and Empress Marie (London, 1937), 220.
371. Petr Arkadevich Stolypin, Nam nuzhna velikaia Rossiia (Moscow, 1991), 107.
372. P. A. Stolypin, Programma reform: Dokumenty i materialy (Moscow, 2002), 1: 30.
373. Anna Geifman, Thou Shalt Kill: Revolutionary Terrorism in Russia, 1894-1917 (Princeton, 1993).
374. Peter Waldron, Between Two Revolutions: Stolypin and the Politics of Renewal in Russia (London, 1998), 62-63.
375. Richard Pipes, The Russian Revolution (New York, 1991), 183.
376. A. S. Karpov, Pravovaia ideologiia russkogo konservatizma (Moscow, 1999), 20.
377. Richard S. Wortman, Scenarios of Power (Princeton, 2000), 2: 7.
378. B. E. Nolde, Iurii Samarin i ego vremia (Paris, 1926), 48.
379. Rostislav Fadeev, Russkoe obshchestvo v nastoiashchem i budushchem: (Chem nam byt'?) (St. Petersburg, 1874), 188.
380. Sir George Buchanan, My Mission to Russia and Other Diplomatic Memories (Boston, 1923), 2: 46.
381. V. Dal, Poslovitsy russkogo naroda (Moscow, 1957), 243-45.
382. D. M. Volodikhin in Rossiiskaia monarkhiia: Voprosy istorii i teorii (Voronezh, 1998), 71-72.
383. I. U. Budovnits, Russkaia publitsistika XVI veka (Moscow, 1947), 6-7.
384. Richard Pipes, Russia Under the Old Regime (London, 1974), 83.
385. Geoffrey Hosking, Russia: People and Empire, 1552-1917 (Cambridge, Mass., 1997), pp. xix-xx.
386. Gustave Alef in Forschungen zur Osteuropäischen Geschichte 39 (1986), 61.
387. Guillaume Parmentier in Financial Times, March 10, 2005, 15.
388. Freiherr Augustin von Mayerberg, Voyage en Moscovie (Leiden, 1688), 348.
389. S. S. Tatishchev, Imperator Aleksandr II: Ego zhizn' i tsarstvovanie (St. Petersburg, 1903), 1: 534.