Cancer in Africa 2012

Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention

Volumn 23, Issue 6, 2014, Pages 953-966

  Parkin, D Maxwell ^a,b   Bray, Freddie ^c   Ferlay, Jacques ^c   Jemal, Ahmedin ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^c INTERNATIONAL AGENCY FOR RESEARCH ON CANCER   (France)

^d AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AFRICA; ARTICLE; BLADDER CANCER; BREAST CANCER; CANCER CONTROL; CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY; CANCER INCIDENCE; CANCER MORTALITY; CANCER PREVENTION; CANCER REGISTRY; COLORECTAL CANCER; ESOPHAGUS CANCER; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE QUALITY; HUMAN; KAPOSI SARCOMA; LUNG CANCER; MALE; NONHODGKIN LYMPHOMA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTATE CANCER; UTERINE CERVIX CANCER; AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA; INCIDENCE; MORTALITY; NEOPLASMS;

AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA; FEMALE; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; MALE; NEOPLASMS;

EID: 84902657886     PISSN: 10559965     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-14-0281     Document Type: Article

References (88)

1. World Health Organization. Global Health Observatory (GHO), Noncommunicable diseases, mortality and morbidity, 2011; Available from: http://www.who.int/gho/en/
2. United Nations Population Division. World population prospects, the 2012 revision. Available from: http://esa.un.org/wpp/index.htm
3. Ferlay J, Soerjmataram I, Ervik M, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, et al. GLOBOCAN 2012 cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: IARC CancerBase No. 11 [Internet]. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2013.
4. Forman D, Bray F, Brewster DH, Gombe Mbalawa C, Kohler B, Piñeros M, et al.Cancer incidence in five continents, Vol. X. Lyon, France: IARC; 2013.
5. Mathers CD, Ma Fat D, Inoue M, Rao C, Lopez AD. Counting the dead and what they died from: an assessment of the global stauts of cause of death data. Bull World Health Organ 2005;83:171-7. (Pubitemid 40387156)
6. Ferlay J, Soerjmataram I, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, Rebelo M, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012, submitted.
7. UNAIDS. Countries; [Accessed 2014 Jan 1]. Available from: http:// www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/
8. Ng N, Winkler V, Van Minh H, Tesfaye F, Wall S, Becher H. Predicting lung cancer death in Africa and Asia: differences with WHO estimates. Cancer Causes Control 2009;20:721-30.
9. Odedina FT, Akinremi TO, Chinegwundoh F, Roberts R, Yu D, Reams RR, et al. Prostate cancer disparities in Black men of African descent: a comparative literature review of prostate cancer burden among Black men in the United States, Caribbean, United Kingdom, and West Africa. Infect Agents Cancer 2009;4 Suppl 1:S2.
10. Rebbeck TR, Devesa SS, Chang BL, Bunker CH, Cheng I, Cooney K, et al. Global patterns of prostate cancer incidence, aggressiveness, and mortality in men of african descent. Prostate Cancer 2013;2013:560857.
11. Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F, Forman D, Mathers C, Parkin DM. Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008:GLOBOCAN2008. Int J Cancer 2010;127:2893-917.
12. Wabinga HR, Nambooze S, Amulen PM, Okello C, Mbus L, Parkin DM. Trends in the incidence of cancer in Kampala, Uganda 1991-2010. Int J Cancer 2013 Dec 11. [Epub ahead of print].
13. Chokunonga E, Borok MZ, Chirenje ZM, Nyakabau AM, Parkin DM. Trends in the incidence of cancer in the black population of Harare, Zimbabwe 1991-2010. Int J Cancer 2013;133:721-9.
14. Missaoui N, Landolsi H, Jaidaine L, Ben Abdelkader A, Yaacoubi MT, Hmissa S. Breast cancer in central Tunisia: an earlier age at diagnosis and incidence increase over a 15-year period. Breast J 2012;18:289-91.
15. Chu KC, Anderson WF. Rates for breast cancer characteristics by estrogen and progesterone receptor status in the major racial/ethnic groups. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2002;74:199-211. (Pubitemid 34848349)
16. Bowen RL, Duffy SW, Ryan DA, Hart IR, Jones JL arly onset of breast cancer in a group of British black women. Br J Cancer 2008;98:277-81. (Pubitemid 351161260)
17. Gukas ID, Jennings BA, Mandong BM, Igun GO, Girling AC, Manasseh AN, et al. Clinicopathological features and molecular markers of breast cancer in Jos, Nigeria. West Afr J Med 2005;24:209-13.
18. Adebamowo CA, Famooto A, Ogundiran TO, Aniagwu T, Nkwodimmah C, Akang EE. Immunohistochemical and molecular subtypes of breast cancer in Nigeria. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2008;110:183-8. (Pubitemid 351793859)
19. Stark A, Kleer CG, Martin I, Awuah B, Nsiah-Asare A, Takyi V, et al. African ancestry and higher prevalence of triple-negative breast cancer: findings from an international study. Cancer 2010;116:4926-32.
20. Miller BA, Hankey BF, Thomas TL. Impact of sociodemographic factors, hormone receptor status, and tumor grade on ethnic differences in tumor stage and size for breast cancer in US women. Am J Epidemiol 2002;155:534-45. (Pubitemid 34208045)
21. Jemal A, Fedewa SA. Is the prevalence of ER-negative breast cancer in the US higher among Africa-born than US-born black women? Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012;135:867-73.
22. McCormack VA, Joffe M, van den Berg E, Broeze N, Dos Santos Silva I, Romieu I, et al. Breast cancer receptor status and stage at diagnosis in over 1,200 consecutive public hospital patients in Soweto, South Africa: a case series. Breast Cancer Res 2013;15:R84.
23. de Sanjose S, Diaz M, Castellsague X, Clifford G, Bruni L, Munoz N, et al. Worldwide prevalence and genotype distribution of cervical human papillomavirus DNA in women with normal cytology: a metaanalysis. Lancet Infect Dis 2007;7:453-9. (Pubitemid 46962343)
24. Denny L, Quinn M, Sankaranarayanan. Screening for cervical cancer in developing countries. Vaccine 2006;24:s71-s7.
25. Dorn HF, Cutler SJ. Morbidity from cancer in the United States. Public Health Monogr 1959;56:1-207.
26. Parkin DM, Whelan S, Ferlay J, Bah E, Hamdi-Cherif M. Cancer in Africa: Epidemiology and prevention. IARC Scientific Publications 153 Lyon, France: IARC; 2003.
27. Sylla BS, Wild CP. A million africans a year dying from cancer by 2030: what can cancer research and control offer to the continent? Int J Cancer 2012;130:245-50.
28. Frank C, Mohamed MK, Strickland GT, Lavanchy D, Arthur RR,Magder LS, et al. The role of parenteral antischistosomal therapy in the spread of hepatitis C virus in Egypt. Lancet 2000;355:887-91. (Pubitemid 30137669)
29. National Cancer Registry. Cancer in South Africa; 2006. Available from: http://www.nioh.ac.za/assets/ files/NCR-2006-TABLES-FINAL.pdf
30. Bray F. Transitions in human development and the global cancer burden. In:Wild CP, Stewart B, editors. World Cancer Report 2014. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2014.
31. Burkitt DP. Epidemiology of cancer of the colon and rectum. Cancer 1971;28:3-13.
32. Chokunonga E, Levy LM, Bassett MT, Borok MZ, Mauchaza BG, Chirenje MZ, et al. Aids and cancer in Africa: the evolving epidemic in Zimbabwe. AIDS 1999;13:2583-8. (Pubitemid 30038037)
33. Parkin DM, Wabinga H, Nambooze S, Wabwire-Mangen F. AIDSrelated cancers in Africa: maturation of the epidemic in Uganda. AIDS 1999;13:2563-70. (Pubitemid 30038035)
34. Ziegler J, Newton R, Bourboulia D, Casabonne D, Beral V, Mbidde E, et al. Risk factors for Kaposi's sarcoma: a case-control study of HIV-seronegative people in Uganda. Int J Cancer 2003;103:233-40. (Pubitemid 35461516)
35. Sasco AJ, Jaquet A, Boidin E, Ekouevi DK, Thouillot F, Lemabec T, et al. The challenge of AIDS-related malignancies in sub-Saharan Africa. PLoS ONE 2010;5:e8621.
36. Mills EJ, Bakanda C, Birungi J, Chan K, Ford N, Cooper CL, et al. Life expectancy of persons receiving combination antiretroviral therapy in low-income countries: a cohort analysis from Uganda. Ann Intern Med 2011;155:209-16.
37. Swerdlow S, Campo E, Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Pileri SA, Stein H, et al. WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. 4th ed.: IARC; 2008.
38. Molyneux EM, Rochford R, Griffin B, Newton R, Jackson G, Menon G, et al. Burkitt's lymphoma. Lancet 2012;379:1234-44.
39. Mbulaiteye SM, Bhatia K, Adebamowo C, Sasco AJ. HIV and cancer in Africa: mutual collaboration between HIV and cancer programs may provide timely research and public health data. Infect Agents Cancer 2011;6:16.
40. Parkin DM. The global health burden of infection-associated cancers in the year 2002. Int J Cancer 2006;118:3030-44.
41. Abayomi EA, Somers A, Grewal R, Sissolak G, Bassa F, Maartens D, et al. Impact of the HIV epidemic and anti-retroviral treatment policy on lymphoma incidence and subtypes seen in the Western cape of South Africa, 2002-2009: preliminary findings of the Tygerberg Lymphoma study group. Transfus Apher Sci 2011;44:161-6.
42. Aka P, Kawira E, Masalu N, Emmanuel B, Brubaker G, Magatti J, et al. Incidence and trends in Burkitt lymphoma in northern Tanzania from 2000 to 2009. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012;59:1234-8.
43. Bello B, Fadahun O, Kielkowski D, Nelson G. Trends in lung cancer mortality in South Africa: 1995-2006.BMCPublic Health 2011;11:209.
44. van Walbeek C. Recent trends in smoking prevalence in South Africa-some evidence from AMPS data. S Afr Med J 2002;92:468-72. (Pubitemid 34716593)
45. Legresley E, Lee K, Muggli ME, Patel P, Collin J, Hurt RD. British American tobacco and the "insidious impact of illicit trade" in cigarettes across Africa. Tob Control 2008;17:339-46.
46. Nsimba SE, Sussman S. Tobacco advertisements and promotion industry on smoking in Tanzania: a review of negative public health implications for current and future generations. Tobacco induced diseases 2006;3:41.
47. Tumwine J. Implementation of the framework convention on tobacco control in Africa: current status of legislation. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2011;8:4312-31.
48. Warren CW, Lea V, Lee J, Jones NR, Asma S, McKenna M. Change in tobacco use among 13-15 year olds between 1999 and 2008: findings from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey. Glob Health Promot 2009;16:38-90.
49. Somdyala NI, Bradshaw D, Gelderblom WC, Parkin DM. Cancer incidence in a rural population of South Africa, 1998-2002. Int J Cancer 2010;127:2420-9.
50. Pacella-Norman R, Urban MI, Sitas F, Carrara H, Sur R, Hale M, et al. Risk factors for oesophageal, lung, oral and laryngeal cancers in black South Africans. Br J Cancer 2002;86:1751-6. (Pubitemid 34712920)
51. Isaacson C. The change of the staple diet of black South Africans from sorghum to maize (corn) is the cause of the epidemic of squamous carcinoma of the oesophagus. Med Hypotheses 2005;64:658-60. (Pubitemid 40023036)
52. Mayosi BM, Flisher AJ, Lalloo UG, Sitas F, Tollman SM, Bradshaw D. The burden of non-communicable diseases in South Africa. Lancet 2009;374:934-47.
53. Somdyala NI, Bradshaw D, Gelderblom WC.Eastern Cape Cancer Registry Technical Report. Cancer incidence in selected municipalities of the Eastern Cape Province, 2003-2007. South Africa Medical Research Council 2013; 2013.
54. Parkin DM. The global burden of urinary bladder cancer. Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl 2008;218:12-20.
55. Mostafa MH, Sheweita SA, O'Connor PJ. Relationship between schistosomiasis and bladder cancer. Clin Microbiol Rev 1999;12:97-111. (Pubitemid 29055955)
56. Gouda I, Mokhtar N, Bilal D, El-Bolkainy T, El-Bolkainy NM. Bilharziasis and bladder cancer: a time trend analysis of 9843 patients. J Egypt Natl Cancer Inst 2007;19:158-62.
57. Felix AS, Soliman AS, Khaled H, Zaghloul MS, Banerjee M, El-Baradie M, et al. The changing patterns of bladder cancer in Egypt over the past 26 years. Cancer Causes Control 2008;19:421-9.
58. Kingham TP, Alatise OI, Vanderpuye V, Casper C, Abantanga FA, Kamara TB, et al. Treatment of cancer in sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet Oncol 2013;14:e158-67.
59. Abdel-Wahab M, Bourque JM, Pynda Y, Izewska J, Van der Merwe D, Zubizarreta E, et al. Status of radiotherapy resources in Africa: an International Atomic Energy Agency analysis. Lancet Oncol 2013;14:e168-75.
60. O'Brien M, Mwangi-Powell F, Adewole IF, Soyannwo O, Amandua J, Ogaja E, et al. Improving access to analgesic drugs for patients with cancer in sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet Oncol 2013;14:e176-82.
61. Harding R, Selman L, Powell RA, Namisango E, Downing J, Merriman A, et al. Research into palliative care in sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet Oncol 2013;14:e183-8.
62. Ngoma T. World Health Organization cancer priorities in developing countries. Ann Oncol 2006;17 Suppl 8:viii9-viii14.
63. Vento S. Cancer control in Africa: which priorities? Lancet Oncol 2013;14:277-9.
64. de Martel C, Ferlay J, Franceschi S, Vignat J, Bray F, Forman D, et al. Global burden of cancers attributable to infections in 2008: a review and synthetic analysis. Lancet Oncol 2012;13:607-15.
65. World Health Organisation/UNICEF. Immunization summary. A statistical reference containing data through 2012, 2013; Available from: http://www.childinfo.org/files/immunization-summary-2012-en.pdf.
66. Louie KS, de Sanjose S, Mayaud P. Epidemiology and prevention of human papillomavirus and cervical cancer in sub-Saharan Africa: a comprehensive review. Trop Med Int Health 2009;14:1287-302.
67. Adams M, Jasani B, Fiander A. Human papilloma virus (HPV) prophylactic vaccination: challenges for public health and implications for screening. Vaccine 2007;25:3007-13. (Pubitemid 46482732)
68. Markowitz LE, Tsu V, Deeks SL, Cubie H, Wang SA, Vicari AS, et al. Human papillomavirus vaccine introduction-the first five years. Vaccine 2012;30 Suppl 5:F139-48.
69. Gray RH, Serwadda D, Kong X, Makumbi F, Kigozi G, Gravitt PE, et al. Male circumcision decreases acquisition and increases clearance of high-risk human papillomavirus in HIV-negative men: a randomized trial in Rakai, Uganda. J Infect Dis 2010;201:1455-62.
70. Palella FJ Jr, Baker RK, Moorman AC, Chmiel JS,WoodKC, Brooks JT, et al. Mortality in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era: changing causes of death and disease in the HIV outpatient study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2006;43:27-34. (Pubitemid 44306484)
71. Ezzati M, Lopez AD. Regional, disease specific patterns of smoking-attributable mortality in 2000 Tob Control 2004;13:388-95. (Pubitemid 39635926)
72. World Health Organisation. Report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2013 enforcing bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship. ISBN 978 92 4 069161 2 2013. Available from: http://www.who.int/tobacco/global-report/2013/en/ index.html
73. Awadelkarim KD, Arizzi C, Elamin EO, Hamad HM, De Blasio P, Mekki SO, et al. Pathological, clinical and prognostic characteristics of breast cancer in Central Sudan versus Northern Italy: implications for breast cancer in Africa. Histopathology 2008;52:445-56. (Pubitemid 351327981)
74. Burson AM, Soliman AS, Ngoma TA, Mwaiselage J, Ogweyo P, Eissa MS, et al. Clinical and epidemiologic profile of breast cancer in Tanzania. Breast Dis 2010;31:33-41.
75. Missaoui N, Hmissa S, Trabelsi A, Frappart L, Mokni M, Korbi S. Cervix cancer in Tunisia: clinical and pathological study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2010;11:235-8.
76. Morhason-Bello IO, Odedina F, Rebbeck TR, Harford J, Dangou JM, Denny L, et al. Challenges and opportunities in cancer control in Africa: a perspective from the African Organisation for Research and Training in Cancer. Lancet Oncol 2013;14:e142-51.
77. Sankaranarayanan R, Nene BM, Shastri SS, Jayant K, Muwonge R, Budukh AM, et al. HPV screening for cervical cancer in rural India. N Engl J Med 2009;360:1385-94.
78. Adefuye PO, Broutet NJ, de Sanjose S, Denny LA. Trials and projects on cervical cancer and human papillomavirus prevention in sub-Saharan Africa. Vaccine 2013;31 Suppl 5:F53-9.
79. Miller AB. Practical Applications for Clinical Breast Examination (CBE) and Breast Self-Examination (BSE) in Screening and Early Detection of Breast Cancer. Breast Care 2008;3:17- 20.
80. Abuidris DO, Elsheikh A, Ali M, Musa H, Elgaili E, Ahmed AO, et al. Breast-cancer screening with trained volunteers in a rural area of Sudan: a pilot study. Lancet Oncol 2013;14:363-70.
81. World Health Organisation. National cancer control programmes: policies and managerial guidelines. 2nd ed. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2002.
82. World Health Organisation. World Health Assembly. Resolution WHA58.22 Cancer prevention and control; 2005. Available from: http://www.who.int/cancer/ eb1143/en/.
83. World Health Organisation. Health system response and capacity: Policies, strategies and action plans by country; 2010. Available from: http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A907?lang=en.
84. Parkin DM. The role of cancer registries in cancer control. Int J Clin Oncol 2008;13:102-11. (Pubitemid 351668181)
85. World Health Organisation. Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2010; 2011. Available from: (http://www.who.int/nmh/publications/ ncd-report2010/en/index.html.
86. AFCRN. The African Cancer Registry Network [2014 Feb 14]. Available from: http://afcrn.org/.
87. Stefan DC, Elzawawy AM, Khaled HM, Ntaganda F, Asiimwe A, Addai BW, et al. Developing cancer control plans in Africa: examples from five countries. Lancet Oncol 2013;14:e189-95.
88. UICC and IARC. Cancer Registries: why what and how. Geneva, Switzerland: UICC 2014; Available from: http://www.uicc.org/programmes/gicr/issue.