Revisiting: The waste land

Revisiting: The Waste Land

Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages 1-205

  Rainey, Lawrence S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF YORK   (United Kingdom)

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References (206)

1. Valerie Eliot, ed., The Waste Land: A Facsimile and Transcript of the Original Drafts Including the Annotations of Ezra Pound (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1971), hereafter cited as TWL:AF.
2. Hugh Kenner, The Urban Apocalypse, in A. Walton Litz, ed., Eliot in His Time: Essays on the Occasion of the Fiftieth Anniversary of The Waste Land (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1973), 23-49, hereafter cited as UA
3. Grover Smith, The Making of The Waste Land, Mosaic 6, no. 1 (1972): 127-141, hereafter cited as MOTWL.
4. Lyndall Gordon, Eliot's Early Years (New York: Farrar, Straus, 1977), appendix II, Dating The Waste Land Fragments, 143-146, hereafter cited as DTWLF.
5. Peter Barry, The Waste Land Manuscript: Picking Up the Pieces-In Order, Forum for Modern Language Studies 15 (1979): 237-248.
6. David Moody, Appendix B: The Drafts of 'The Waste Land,' in Thomas Stearns Eliot: Poet (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979), 310-318
7. Ronald Bush, T. S. Eliot: A Study in Character and Style (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984), chapter 5, 'Unknown Terror and Mystery': The Waste Land, 53-78.
8. Christine Froula, Corpse, Monument, Hypocrite Lecteur: Text and Transference in the Reception of The Waste Land, Text: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Textual Studies 6 (1996): 297-314, here 313.
9. I am not anxious to produce another [book of criticism] for a year or two and meanwhile have a long poem in mind and partly on paper which I am wishful to finish. T. S. Eliot to John Quinn, 9 May 1921, in Valerie Eliot, ed., The Letters of T. S. Eliot, vol. 1, 1898-1922 (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1988), 451; hereafter cited as LOTSE.
10. The myth that the name Madame Sosostris was derived from Sesostris, the Sorceress of Ecbatana in Huxley's Crome Yellow
11. Grover Smith, The Fortuneteller in Eliot's Waste Land, American Literature 25 (1954): 490-492.
12. Eliot has also said that, being unconscious of the borrowing, he was unaware of any connection between the name of the clairvoyant and that assumed by Mr. Scogan, the character in Crome Yellow who pretends to be a fortune-teller.
13. Aldous Huxley, then living in Italy, did not even start to write his novel until the beginning of June that same year, pledging himself to finish it within two months, according to his biographer.
14. Sybille Bedford, Aldous Huxley: A Biography, vol. 1, 1894-1939 [London: Chatto and Windus, 1973], 117, 119
15. T. S. Eliot, London Letter, March 1921, in Lawrence Rainey, ed., The Annotated Waste Land with Eliot's Contemporary Prose [New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005], 139.
16. Smith went on to diffuse the claim in his subsequent monographs on Eliot: T. S. Eliot's Poetry and Plays: A Study in Sources and Influence (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1956), 76.
17. The Waste Land (London: George Allen and Unwin, 1983), 47, 67-68.
18. B. C. Southam, A Guide to the Selected Poems of T. S. Eliot (New York: Harcourt, 1968), 74-75, note to line 43
19. Michael North, ed., The Waste Land: A Norton Critical Edition (New York: Norton, 2001), 6 n. 4
20. Crome Yellow, 40-42.
21. Wyndham Lewis, Early London Environment, in Tambimuttu and Richard March, eds., T. S. Eliot: A Symposium (London: Frank and Cass, 1965; 1st ed., 1948), 24-32, here 30.
22. Mr. Apollinax is assigned to 1916 by Christopher Ricks in his edition of T. S. Eliot, Inventions of the March Hare (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1996), xli
23. Gordon, DTWLF, 43
24. matches that of an unpublished 1916 review of H.D.'s translation of choruses from Iphigenia in Aulis. I have been unable to locate this unpublished review of H.D., Choruses from Iphigeneia in Aulis (London: Egoist, 1916), no. 3 in the Poets' Translation series.
25. Paul O'Keefe, Some Sort of Genius: A Life of Wyndham Lewis (London: Jonathan Cape, 2000), 229-230.
26. The existence of this letter was first noted by Peter Ackroyd, T. S. Eliot: A Life (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1984), 110, 345 n. 6.
27. T. S. Eliot, The Metaphysical Poets, Times Literary Supplement, no. 1031 (20 October 1921): 669-670.
28. Rainey, Annotated Waste Land, 192-201.
29. This dating differs sharply from that of Lyndall Gordon, DTWLF, 144,
30. Her arguments are followed by Ronald Bush, T. S. Eliot: A Study in Character and Style (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984), 53-78, in particular 56-57 and 248, nn. 14-15
31. Sarah Wintle, Wagner and The Waste Land-Again, English: The Journal of the English Association 38, no. 162 (Autumn 1989): 227-250
32. Philip Waldron, The Music of Poetry: Wagner in The Waste Land, Journal of Modern Literature 18, no. 4 (Fall 1993): 421-434
33. Margaret Dana, Orchestrating The Waste Land: Wagner, Leitmotiv, and the Play of Passion, in John Xiros Cooper, ed., T. S. Eliot's Orchestra: Critical Essays on Poetry and Music (New York: Garland, 2000), 267-294.
34. Readers will recognize that I am drawing here on Michael Levenson's excellent discussion of the opening passage in his A Genealogy of Modernism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984), 165-173.
35. Calvin Bedient, He Do the Police in Different Voices: The Waste Land and Its Protagonist (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986), 56.
36. Michael Levenson, Does The Waste Land Have a Politics? Modernism/ Modernity 6, no. 3 (September 1999): 1-13, here 1.
37. Lawrence Rainey, ed., The Annotated Waste Land with Eliot's Contemporary Prose (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005).
38. T. S. Eliot, Andrew Marvell, Times Literary Supplement 1002 (31 March 1921): 201-202.
39. Rainey, Annotated Waste Land, 149, 150.
40. T. S. Eliot, John Dryden, Times Literary Supplement 1012 (9 June 1921): 361-362.
41. Rainey, Annotated Waste Land, 174, 175.
42. T. S. Eliot, London Letter, July 1921, Dial 71, no. 2 (August 1921): 213-217.
43. Rainey, Annotated Waste Land, 186.
44. T. S. Eliot, London Letter, May 1921, Dial 70, no. 6 (June 1921): 448-453.
45. Rainey, Annotated Waste Land, 168.
46. Rainey, Annotated Waste Land, 169.
47. T. S. Eliot, The Metaphysical Poets, Times Literary Supplement 1031 (20 October 1921): 669-670.
48. Rainey, Annotated Waste Land, 194.
49. Eliot, John Dryden.
50. Rainey, Annotated Waste Land, 180.
51. Rainey, Annotated Waste Land, 169.
52. Carol Christ, Gender, Voice, and Figuration in Eliot's Early Poetry, in Ronald Bush, ed., T. S. Eliot: The Modernist in History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), 33
53. Martin Scofield, T. S. Eliot: The Poems (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988), 118.
54. Martin Scofield, T. S. Eliot: The Poems (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988), 118.
55. Clara del Rio, Confessions of a Type-Writer (Chicago: Del Rio Publishing, 1893)
56. Elinor Dawson, Confessions of a Typewriter; or, Merciful Unto Me, a Sinner (Chicago: Charles Thompson, 1903).
57. Elizabeth Baker, Miss Robinson: A Play in Three Acts (London: Sidgwick and Jackson, 1920), 58.
58. T. W. H. Thomas William Hodgson Crosland (1865-1924), To the American Invader, in his Outlook Odes (London: At the Unicorn, 1902), 30-32
59. Enoch Miner [pseud.: Topsy Typist], Our Phonographic Poets: Written by Stenographers and Typists upon Subjects Pertaining to Their Arts. Compiled by Topsy Typist (New York: Popular Publishing, 1904)
60. Samuel Ellsworth Kiser, Love Sonnets of an Oace Boy (Chicago: Forbes, 1907).
61. Andrew Lang, Matrimony, in The Poetical Works of Andrew Lang, ed. Leonora Blanche Lang (London: Longmans, 1923), 3: 179-180.
62. A serious and hence rare poem about a typist is Interlude: Eurydice, by Arthur Henry Adams, in his London Streets (London: T. N. Foulis, 1906), 34-36.
63. Christopher Keep, The Cultural Work of the Type-Writer Girl, Victorian Studies 40 (1997): 401-426
64. Morag Shiach, Modernity, Labour, and the Typewriter, in Hugh Stevens and Caroline Howlett, eds., Modernist Sexualities (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2000), 114-129
65. Pamela Thurschwell, Supple Minds and Automatic Hands: Secretarial Agency in Early-Twentieth-Century Literature, Forum for Modern Language Studies 37 (2001): 155-168.
66. J. R. Winton, Lloyds Bank, 1918-1969 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982), 1-43.
67. JoAnne Yates, Control Through Communication: The Rise of System in American Management (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989), 37.
68. Elyce J. Rotella, The Transformation of the American Oace: Changes in Employment and Technology, Journal of Economic History 41 (1981): 51-57
69. Thomas Whalen, Oace Technology and Socio-Economic Change, 1870-1955, IEEE [Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers] Technology and Society Magazine 2, no. 2 (June 1983): 12-18
70. Yates, Communication Technology and the Growth of Internal Communication, in Control Through Communication, 21-64.
71. Peter D. McDonald, British Literary Culture and Publishing Practice, 1880-1914 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 96.
72. Five O'Clock Tea Talk: A Woman's Restaurant, T.P.'s Weekly, 11 December 1903, 918.
73. Alastair Service, London 1900 (New York: Rizzoli, 1979), 97-98.
74. Ivy Low, The Questing Beast (London: Martin Secker, 1914)
75. John Carswell, Exile: The Life of Ivy Litvinov (London: Faber, 1983).
76. Anonymous, Suffragette Secretaries: A Report on Oace Life 60 Years Ago, Survey of Secretarial and Clerical Salaries: Alfred Marks Bureau, Statistical Services Division (October 1979): 19-29.
77. Sophie Cole, Money Isn't Everything (London: Mills and Boon, 1923), 24-25.
78. Tom Gallon, The Girl Behind the Keys (London: Hutchinson, 1903), 5.
79. David Graham Phillips, The Grain of Dust (New York: D. Appleton, 1911), 300.
80. David Graham Phillips, The Grain of Dust (New York: D. Appleton, 1911), 326.
81. T. S. Eliot, London Letter, March 1921, Dial 70, no. 4 (April 1921): 448-453, here 450.
82. Rainey, Annotated Waste Land, 135-140, here 137.
83. Carswell, Exile, 74, 96-97, 165.
84. Eliot's publications in the Athenaeum are catalogued by Donald Gallup, T. S. Eliot: A Bibliography, rev. ed. (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1963), 203-207.
85. Grace Miller White, Edna, the Pretty Typewriter (New York: J. S. Ogilvie, 1907)
86. Eliza Margaret J. Humphreys (pseud. Rita., Betty Brent, Typist (London: T. Werner Laurie, 1908).
87. Sophie Cole, A Plain Woman's Portrait (London: Mills and Boon, 1912)
88. Ruby M. Ayre, The Winds of the World (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1918)
89. Elinor Glynn, Man and Maid (London: Duckworth, 1922)
90. Sophie Cole, Money Isn't Everything (London: Mills and Boon, 1923)
91. Warren Titus, Winston Churchill (New York: Twayne, 1963), 7.
92. The four novels which portray a heroine having consensual sex before marriage are Low, The Questing Beast
93. Winston Churchill, The Dwelling-Place of Light (New York: Macmillan, 1917)
94. Arnold Bennett, Lilian (London: Cassell, 1922)
95. Rebecca West, The Judge (London: Hutchinson, 1922; rpt. London: Virago, 1980).
96. The other two realistic novels about a typist or stenographer are by Phillips, The Grain of Dust,
97. Sinclair Lewis, The Job: An American Novel (New York: Harper, 1917; rpt. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1994).
98. Carswell, Exile, 72.
99. The identification of the typist and Tiresias is noted by Christ, Gender, Voice, and Figuration, 33
100. Michael North, The Political Aesthetic of Yeats, Eliot, and Pound (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), 99.
101. Charlton Lewis and Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980), s.v. vanus.
102. George Laskoff and Mark Johnson, Metaphors We Live By (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980), 49.
103. Elenore Meherin, Chickie: A Hidden, Tragic Chapter from the Life of a Girl of This Strange Today (New York: Grosset and Dunlap, 1925), 272-273.
104. Jonathan Barnes, ed., The Complete Works of Aristotle (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984), vol. 1, Parts of Animals, 1071-1072
105. presence-at-hand and ready-to-hand, which recur throughout his Being and Time, trans. John Macquarrie and Edward Robinson (New York: Harper and Row, 1961).
106. Katherine Rowe, Dead Hands: Fictions of Agency, Renaissance to Modern (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999).
107. Martin Kirigin, La mano divina nell'iconografia cristiana (Vatican City: Istituto pontefice di archeologia cristiana, 1976)
108. André Grabar, L'Art de la din de l'antiquité et du moyen age, vol. 2 (Paris: Collège de France, 1968), 791-794.
109. T. S. Eliot, 'The Duchess of Malfi' at the Lyric and Poetic Drama, Art and Letters 3, no. 1 (Winter [1919/]1920): 36-39, here 37.
110. Richard Ellmann and Charles Feidelson, Jr., eds., The Modern Tradition: Backgrounds of Modern Literature (New York: Oxford University Press, 1965), vi.
111. T. S. Eliot to Henry Ware Eliot, 11 October 1922: The Criterion is due to appear next Monday [16 October], in LOTSE, 580.
112. Eliot to Richard Cobden-Sanderson, 16 October 1922, in LOTSE, 582.
113. The exact date of the American publication in the Dial is less clear.
114. We are to publish the text of the poem, without the notes, in the November Dial, which will be published about October 20th (carbon copy of Gilbert Seldes to Horace Liveright, 7 September 1922, Yale, Beinecke Library, Dial Papers, box 41, folder 1153
115. Burton Rascoe, A Bookman's Day Book, New York Tribune, 5 November 1922, section V, 8
116. Donald Gallup, T. S. Eliot: A Bibliography, rev. ed. (New York: Harcourt, 1969), A6, 29-32.
117. Daniel Woodward, Notes on the Publishing History and Text of The Waste Land, Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America 58 (1964): 252-269.
118. James E. B. Breslin, From Modern to Contemporary American Poetry, 1945-1965 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984), 11 and 11 n. 53.
119. Writing in 1916, he assessed the Catholic Anthology, 1914-1915 (London: Elkin Mathews, 1915)
120. T. S. Eliot: The Critical Heritage, ed. Michael Grant (London: Routledge, 1942), 67-73.
121. his essay The New Orthodoxies, in Robert Richman, ed., The Arts at Mid-Century (New York: Horizon, 1954), 11, which in turn is the source that is cited by Breslin.
122. Elizabeth Carroll Spindler, John Peale Bishop (Morgantown: West Virginia University Library, 1980), chapters 5-7.
123. B. L. Reid, The Man from New York: John Quinn and His Friends (New York: Oxford University Press, 1968), 313, 367
124. New Sculptures by Constantin Brancusi, Vanity Fair 18 (May 1922): 68.
125. The letter is reported by Spindler, John Peale Bishop, 68-69, though with numerous errors.
126. Pound to Margaret Anderson, [22? April 1921], Pound/The Little Review: The Letters of Ezra Pound to Margaret Anderson, ed. Thomas L. Scott and Melvin J. Riedman (New York: New Directions, 1988), 266.
127. Ezra Pound, Selected Letters, 1907-1941, ed. D. D. Paige (New York: New Directions, 1971), 180.
128. Lawrence Rainey, Ezra Pound and the Monument of Culture (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991), 48.
129. Wesley C. Mitchell, Willford I. King, et al., Income in the United States: Its Amount and Distribution, 1909-1919 (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1921), with relevant figures on 13, 76, and 144-147
130. Historical Statistics of the United States: Colonial Times to 1970, Part 1 (Washington: Department of Commerce, 1976), 166-167 and 284.
131. Robert F. Martin, National Income in the United States, 1799-1958 (New York: National Industrial Conference Board, 1941), 7
132. Simon Kuznets, National Income and Its Composition, 1919-1938, vol. 1 (New York: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1941).
133. Tom Dardis, Firebrand: The Life of Horace Liveright (New York: Random House, 1995), 97.
134. A Group of Poems by T. S. Eliot: A Selection from the Dramatic Lyrics of a Much Discussed American Poet, Vanity Fair 20, no. 4 (June 1923): 67.
135. The other articles by Eliot appeared in Vanity Fair 20, no. 5 (July 1923): 51, 98
136. Jane Lidderdale and Mary Nicholson, Dear Miss Weaver (New York: Viking, 1970).
137. Frank Luther Mott, A History of American Magazines, vol. 5, Sketches of Twenty-one Magazines, 1905-1930 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1968), 166-178.
138. Mott considers it unlikely that the circulation ever rose to much over a thousand (171).
139. Frederick J. Hoffman et al., The Little Magazine: A History and Bibliography (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1946), 57.
140. Lidderdale and Nicholson, Dear Miss Weaver, 460
141. Lidderdale and Nicholson, Dear Miss Weaver, 99).
142. Little Review seldom or never exceeded $500 a year (171)
143. Richard Ohmann, Selling Culture: Magazines, Markets, and Class at the Turn of the Century (London: Verso, 1996), 24-38.
144. Mott, Sketches of Twenty-one Magazines, 171
145. Reid, Man from New York, 343.
146. Lidderdale and Nicholson, Dear Miss Weaver, 459.
147. Joel Springarn, Creative Criticism: Essays on the Unity of Genius and Taste (New York: Henry Holt, 1917).
148. William Wasserstrom, The Time of the Dial
149. Nicholas Joost, Scofield Thayer and the Dial (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1964)
150. Nicholas Joost, The Dial, 1912-1920 (Barre, Mass.: Barre, 1967).
151. Martha Cohn Cooper, Frank Crowninshield and Vanity Fair, Ph.D. diss., University of North Carolina, 1976
152. Kitty Hoffman, A History of Vanity Fair: A Modernist Journal in America, Ph.D. diss., University of Toronto, 1980
153. Cynthia L. Ward, Vanity Fair Magazine and the Modern Style, 1914-1936 (New York City), Ph.D. diss., State University of New York at Stony Brook, 1983.
154. Caroline Seebohm, The Man Who Was Vogue: The Life and Times of Condé Nast (New York: Viking, 1982).
155. Theodore Peterson, Magazines in the Twentieth Century (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1964).
156. Cohn Cooper, Frank Crowninshield and Vanity Fair, 38.
157. For the circulation figures of all the journals discussed here, N. W. Ayer and Son's American Newspaper Annual and Directory (Philadelphia: N. W. Ayer and Son's, 1922), 1224-1226, reports figures from the Audit Bureau of Circulation.
158. Cohn Cooper, Frank Crowninshield and Vanity Fair, 42.
159. Reid, Man from New York, 594.
160. Joost, Scofield Thayer, 23-36.
161. Nicholas Fox Weber, Patron Saints: Five Rebels Who Opened America to a New Art (New York: Knopf, 1992), 56
162. Ward, Vanity Fair Magazine and the Modern Style, 91-92, 100-101
163. Alfred H. Barr, Jr., An American Museum of Modern Art, Vanity Fair 33 (November 1929): 79, 136.
164. John Quinn, Jacob Epstein, Sculptor, Vanity Fair 9 (1917): 76, 114
165. John Quinn, James Joyce, A New Irish Novelist, Vanity Fair 8 (1917): 49+128
166. Reid, Man from New York, 580-590
167. Ward, Vanity Fair Magazine and the Modern Style, 91.
168. Peter Bürger, Theory of the Avant-Garde, trans. Michael Shaw (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1984)
169. Andreas Huyssen, After the Great Divide (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1986)
170. Marjorie Perloff, The Poetics of Indeterminacy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1981; rpt., Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1983)
171. Charles Russell, Poets, Prophets, and Revolutionaries: The Literary Avant-Garde from Rimbaud Through Postmodernism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985).
172. Walker Gilmore, Horace Liveright: Publisher of the Twenties (New York: David Lewis, 1970), 38.
173. June Steffensen Hagen, Tennyson and His Publishers (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1979), 149-150.
174. Liam Miller, The Dun Emer Press, Later the Cuala Press (Dublin: Dolmen, 1973).
175. John Dreyfus, Bruce Rogers and American Typography (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1959).
176. Cohn Cooper, Frank Crowninshield and Vanity Fair, 48.
177. Steven Connor, Dumbstruck: A Cultural History of Ventriloquism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), especially chapters 1 and 2, 3-74.
178. Burton Rascoe, A Bookman's Day Book, New York Tribune, 5 November 1922, section V, 8.
179. Edmund Wilson, The Poetry of Drouth, Dial 73, no. 6 (December 1922): 611-616.
180. Michael Grant, ed., T. S. Eliot: The Critical Heritage (London: Routledge, 1982), 138-144.
181. Lawrence Rainey, ed., The Annotated Waste Land with Eliot's Contemporary Prose (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005), 138-201.
182. Lawrence Rainey, ed., The Annotated Waste Land with Eliot's Contemporary Prose (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005), 168, 169, 167, 189.
183. Gilbert Seldes, T. S. Eliot, Nation 115 (6 December 1922): 614-616.
184. Grant, Eliot, 144-150.
185. Conrad Aiken, Prefatory Note (1958), in Charles Brian Cox and Arnold P. Hinchliffe, eds., T. S. Eliot: The Waste Land, a Casebook (London: Macmillan, 1978), 91.
186. Conrad Aiken, An Anatomy of Melancholy, New Republic 33 (7 February 1923): 294-295.
187. Grant, Eliot, 156-161.
188. T. S. Eliot, For Lancelot Andrewes (London: Faber and Gwyer, 1928), ix.
189. On the misdating of Tradition and the Individual Talent in the first edition of Eliot's Selected Essays,
190. Donald Gallup, T. S. Eliot: A Bibliography, rev. ed. (New York: Harcourt, 1969), 47, A21.a.
191. Rainey, Annotated Waste Land, 138-201.
192. Cleanth Brooks, The Waste Land: A Critique of the Myth, Southern Review 3 (1937-1938): 106-136.
193. Cleanth Brooks, Modern Poetry and the Tradition (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1939), 136-172.
194. T. S. Eliot, Religion and Literature (1935), in Selected Prose of T. S. Eliot, ed. Frank Kermode (New York: Harcourt, 1975), 104-105.
195. F. R. Leavis, New Bearings in English Poetry (London: Chatto and Windus, 1932), 103.
196. Aristotle, Metaphysics, trans. Hugh Tredennich (London: Putnam's Sons, 1933), 1: 13.
197. The Poetics of Aristotle, trans. Stephen Halliwell (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1987), 42.
198. Stephen Halliwell, Aristotle's Poetics (London: Duckworth, 1986), 75 n. 41.
199. The Iliad, trans. Richmond Lattimore (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1951), XXII, 199-201.
200. Connor, Dumbstruck, 25.
201. Connor, Dumbstruck, 27.
202. Frank Kermode, The Genesis of Secrecy (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1979), 64.
203. T. S. Eliot, The Frontiers of Criticism, in On Poetry and Poets (London: Faber, 1957), 109-110.
204. T. S. Eliot, The Art of Poetry, I: T. S. Eliot, Paris Review 21 (Spring/Summer, 1959): 47-50,
205. Writers at Work: The Paris Review Interviews, second series, ed. George Plimpton (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1977), 91-110, here 96, 105.
206. Christine Froula, Corpse, Monument, Hypocrite Lecteur: Text and Transference in the Reception of The Waste Land, Text: An Interdisciplinary Annual of Textual Studies 9 (1996): 304-314.