Klotho and vascular calcification: An evolving paradigm

Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension

Volumn 23, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 331-339

  Hu, Ming Chang ^a,b   Kuro O, Makoto ^a,b,c   Moe, Orson W ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c JICHI MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Chronic kidney disease; Endothelium; Vascular calcification; Vascular smooth muscle cells; Klotho

Indexed keywords

ALPHA KLOTHO; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; KLOTHO PROTEIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; BETA GLUCURONIDASE;

BLOOD VESSEL CALCIFICATION; CARDIOMYOPATHY; CELL PROTECTION; CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE; HUMAN; MINERALIZATION; MORTALITY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; UREMIA; VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM; VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE; ANIMAL; ARTERIAL STIFFNESS; BLOOD; CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE; DEFICIENCY; ENDOTHELIUM;

ANIMALS; ENDOTHELIUM; GLUCURONIDASE; HUMANS; MUSCLE, SMOOTH, VASCULAR; RENAL INSUFFICIENCY, CHRONIC; UREMIA; VASCULAR CALCIFICATION; VASCULAR STIFFNESS;

EID: 84902294428     PISSN: 10624821     EISSN: 14736543     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.mnh.0000447024.97464.a3     Document Type: Review

References (67)

1. Kuro-o M, Matsumura Y, Aizawa H, et al. Mutation of the mouse klotho gene leads to a syndrome resembling ageing. Nature 1997; 390:45-51.
2. Hu MC, Kuro-o M, Moe OW. Renal and extrarenal actions of Klotho. Semin Nephrol 2013; 33:118-129.
3. Hu MC, Shiizaki K, Kuro-o M, Moe OW. Fibroblast growth factor 23 and Klotho: physiology and pathophysiology of an endocrine network of mineral metabolism. Ann Rev Physiol 2013; 75:503-533.
4. Hu MC, Kuro-o M, Moe OW. The emerging role of Klotho in clinical nephrology. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012; 27:2650-2657.
5. Hu MC, Kuro-o M, Moe OW. Klotho and chronic kidney disease. J Nephrol 2013; 180:47-63.
6. Virchow R. Kalk metastasen. Virchows Arch Pathol Anat 1855; 8:103-1103.
7. Parfitt AM. Soft-Tissue calcification in uremia. Arch Intern Med 1969; 124: 544-556.
8. Grams ME, Chow EK, Segev DL, Coresh J. Lifetime incidence of CKD stages 3-5 in the United States. Am J Kidney Dis 2013; 62:245-252.
9. Baber U, Gutierrez OM, Levitan EB, et al. Risk for recurrent coronary heart disease and all-cause mortality among individuals with chronic kidney disease compared with diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and cigarette smokers. Am Heart J 2013; 166:373-380.
10. Foley RN, Parfrey PS, Sarnak MJ. Clinical epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in chronic renal disease. Am J Kidney Dis 1998; 32:S112-S119.
11. Hu MC, Shi M, Zhang J, et al. Klotho deficiency causes vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2011; 22:124-136.
12. Hu MC, Kuro-o M, Moe OW. Secreted klotho and chronic kidney disease. Adv Exp Med Biol 2012; 728:126-157.
13. Shimamura Y, Hamada K, Inoue K, et al. Serum levels of soluble secreted alpha-Klotho are decreased in the early stages of chronic kidney disease, making it a probable novel biomarker for early diagnosis. Clin Exp Nephrol 2012; 16:722-729.
14. Kim HR, Nam BY, Kim DW, et al. Circulating alpha-klotho levels in CKD and relationship to progression. Am J Kidney Dis 2013; 61:899-909.
15. Pavik I, Jaeger P, Ebner L, et al. Secreted Klotho and FGF23 in chronic kidney disease Stage 1 to 5: a sequence suggested from a cross-sectional study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013; 28:352-359.
16. Heijboer AC, Blankenstein MA, Hoenderop J, et al. Laboratory aspects of circulating alpha-Klotho. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013; 28:2283-2287.
17. Navarro-Gonzalez JF, Donate-Correa J, Muros de Fuentes M, et al. Reduced Klotho is associated with the presence and severity of coronary artery disease. Heart 2014; 100:34-40.
18. Sakan H, Nakatani K, Asai O, et al. Reduced renal alpha-Klotho expression in CKD patients and its effect on renal phosphate handling and vitamin D metabolism. PloS One 2014; 9:e86301.
19. Karalliedde J, Maltese G, Hill B, et al. Effect of renin-Angiotensin system blockade on soluble Klotho in patients with type 2 diabetes, systolic hypertension, and albuminuria. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2013; 8:1899-1905.
20. Seiler S, Wen M, Roth HJ, et al. Plasma Klotho is not related to kidney function and does not predict adverse outcome in patients with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2013; 83:121-128.
21. Wan M, Smith C, Shah V, et al. Fibroblast growth factor 23 and soluble klotho in children with chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013; 28:153-161.
22. Kitagawa M, Sugiyama H, Morinaga H, et al. A decreased level of serum soluble Klotho is an independent biomarker associated with arterial stiffness in patients with chronic kidney disease. PloS One 2013; 8:e56695.
23. Akimoto T, Shiizaki K, Sugase T, et al. The relationship between the soluble Klotho protein and the residual renal function among peritoneal dialysis patients. Clin Exp Nephrol 2012; 16:442-447.
24. Pavik I, Jaeger P, Ebner L, et al. Soluble klotho and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2012; 7:248-257.
25. Sugiura H, Tsuchiya K, Nitta K. Circulating levels of soluble alpha-Klotho in patients with chronic kidney disease. Clin Exp Nephrol 2011; 15:795-796.
26. Yoon HE, Lim SW, Piao SG, et al. Statin upregulates the expression of Klotho, an anti-Aging gene, in experimental cyclosporine nephropathy. Nephron Exp Nephrol 2012; 120:e123-e133.
27. Mitani H, Ishizaka N, Aizawa T, et al. In vivo klotho gene transfer ameliorates angiotensin II-induced renal damage. Hypertension 2002; 39:838-843.
28. Zhang H, Li Y, Fan Y, et al. Klotho is a target gene of PPAR-gamma. Kidney Int 2008; 74:732-739.
29. Lutter S, Xie S, Tatin F, Makinen T. Smooth muscle-endothelial cell communication activates Reelin signaling and regulates lymphatic vessel formation. J Cell Biol 2012; 197:837-849.
30. Triggle CR, Samuel SM, Ravishankar S, et al. The endothelium: influencing vascular smooth muscle in many ways. Canadian J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:713-738.
31. Moody WE, Edwards NC, Madhani M, et al. Endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease in early-stage chronic kidney disease: cause or association? Atherosclerosis 2012; 223:86-94.
32. Aird WC. Endothelial cell heterogeneity. Cold Spring Harbor Perspect Med 2012; 2:a006429.
33. Heydarkhan-Hagvall S, Helenius G, Johansson BR, et al. Co-culture of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells affects gene expression of angiogenic factors. J Cell Biochem 2003; 89:1250-1259.
34. Meng H, Zhang X, Lee SJ, Wang MM. Von Willebrand factor inhibits mature smooth muscle gene expression through impairment of notch signaling. PloS One 2013; 8:e75808.
35. Kusche-Vihrog K, Jeggle P, Oberleithner H. The role of ENaC in vascular endothelium. Pflugers Arch 2014; 466:851-859; doi: 10.1007/s00424- 013-1356-3. [Epub ahead of print]
36. Carracedo J, Buendia P, Merino A, et al. Cellular senescence determines endothelial cell damage induced by uremia. Exp Gerontol 2013; 48:766-773.
37. Di Marco GS, Hausberg M, Hillebrand U, et al. Increased inorganic phosphate induces human endothelial cell apoptosis in vitro. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2008; 294:F1381-F1387.
38. Li D, Zhang C, Song F, et al. VEGF regulates FGF-2 and TGF-beta1 expression in injury endothelial cells and mediates smooth muscle cells proliferation and migration. Microvasc Res 2009; 77:134-142.
39. Yao Y, Jumabay M, Ly A, et al. A role for the endothelium in vascular calcification. Cir Res 2013; 113:495-504.
40. Lau WL, Pai A, Moe SM, Giachelli CM. Direct effects of phosphate on vascular cell function. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2011; 18:105-112.
41. Lim K, Lu TS, Molostvov G, et al. Vascular Klotho deficiency potentiates the development of human artery calcification and mediates resistance to fibroblast growth factor 23. Circulation 2012; 125:2243-2255.
42. Shroff R. Phosphate is a vascular toxin. Pediatr Nephrol 2013; 28:583-593.
43. Muteliefu G, Shimizu H, Enomoto A, et al. Indoxyl sulfate promotes vascular smooth muscle cell senescence with upregulation of p53, p21, and prelamin A through oxidative stress. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2012; 303:C126-C134.
44. Jimbo R, Kawakami-Mori F, Mu S, et al. Fibroblast growth factor 23 accelerates phosphate-induced vascular calcification in the absence of Klotho deficiency. Kidney Int 2012; 85:1103-1111. [Epub ahead of print]
45. Hu MC, Shi M, Zhang J, et al. Klotho: a novel phosphaturic substance acting as an autocrine enzyme in the renal proximal tubule. FASEB J 2010; 24:3438-3450.
46. Hu MC, Kuro-o M, Moe OW. Secreted Klotho and chronic kidney disease. Adv Exp Med Biol 2012; 728:126-157.
47. Nagai R, Saito Y, Ohyama Y, et al. Endothelial dysfunction in the klotho mouse and downregulation of klotho gene expression in various animal models of vascular and metabolic diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2000; 57: 738-746.
48. Yamagishi T, Saito Y, Nakamura T, et al. Troglitazone improves endothelial function and augments renal klotho mRNA expression in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats with multiple atherogenic risk factors. Hypertens Research 2001; 24:705-709.
49. Saito Y, Nakamura T, Ohyama Y, et al. In vivo klotho gene delivery protects against endothelial dysfunction in multiple risk factor syndrome. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 276:767-772.
50. Maekawa Y, Ishikawa K, Yasuda O, et al. Klotho suppresses TNF-Alphainduced expression of adhesion molecules in the endothelium and attenuates NF-kappaB activation. Endocrine 2009; 35:341-346.
51. Carracedo J, Buendia P, Merino A, et al. Klotho modulates the stress response in human senescent endothelial cells. Mech Ageing Dev 2012; 133:647-654.
52. Yang K, Nie L, Huang Y, et al. Amelioration of uremic toxin indoxyl sulfateinduced endothelial cell dysfunction by Klotho protein. Toxicol Lett 2012; 215:77-83.
53. Kusaba T, Okigaki M, Matui A, et al. Klotho is associated with VEGF receptor- 2 and the transient receptor potential canonical-1 Ca2+ channel to maintain endothelial integrity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:19308-19313.
54. Donate-Correa J, Mora-Fernandez C, Martinez-Sanz R, et al. Expression of FGF23/KLOTHO system in human vascular tissue. Int J Cardiol 2013; 165:179-183.
55. Fang Y, Ginsberg C, Sugatani T, et al. Early chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder stimulates vascular calcification. Kidney Int 2014; 85:142-150.
56. Lindberg K, Olauson H, Amin R, et al. Arterial klotho expression and FGF23 effects on vascular calcification and function. PloS One 2013; 8:e60658.
57. Lau WL, Leaf EM, Hu MC, et al. Vitamin D receptor agonists increase klotho and osteopontin while decreasing aortic calcification in mice with chronic kidney disease fed a high phosphate diet. Kidney Int 2012; 82:1261-1270.
58. Scialla JJ, Lau WL, Reilly MP, et al. Fibroblast growth factor 23 is not associated with and does not induce arterial calcification. Kidney Int 2013; 83:1159-1168.
59. Zhu D, Mackenzie NC, Millan JL, et al. A protective role for FGF-23 in local defence against disrupted arterial wall integrity? Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 372:1-11.
60. Chen TH, Kuro OM, Chen CH, et al. The secreted Klotho protein restores phosphate retention and suppresses accelerated aging in Klotho mutant mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 698:67-73.
61. Kurosu H, Yamamoto M, Clark JD, et al. Suppression of aging in mice by the hormone Klotho. Science 2005; 309:1829-1833.
62. Masuda H, Chikuda H, Suga T, et al. Regulation of multiple ageing-like phenotypes by inducible klotho gene expression in klotho mutant mice. Mech Ageing Dev 2005; 126:1274-1283.
63. Shiraki-Iida T, Iida A, Nabeshima Y, et al. Improvement of multiple pathophysiological phenotypes of klotho (kl/kl) mice by adenovirus-mediated expression of the klotho gene. J Gene Med 2000; 2:233-242.
64. Luksha L, Stenvinkel P, Hammarqvist F, et al. Mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction in resistance arteries from patients with end-stage renal disease. PloS One 2012; 7:e36056.
65. Poulikakos D, Ross L, Recio-Mayoral A, et al. Left ventricular hypertrophy and endothelial dysfunction in chronic kidney disease. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imag 2014; 15:56-61.
66. Yilmaz MI, Sonmez A, Saglam M, et al. Longitudinal analysis of vascular function and biomarkers of metabolic bone disorders before and after renal transplantation. Am J Nephrol 2013; 37:126-134.
67. Barton M. Prevention and endothelial therapy of coronary artery disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2013; 13:226-241.