Wind retrieval algorithms for the IWRAP and HIWRAP airborne doppler radars with applications to hurricanes

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology

Volumn 31, Issue 6, 2014, Pages 1189-1215

  Guimond, Stephen R ^a,b   Tian, Lin ^b,c   Heymsfield, Gerald M ^b   Frasier, Stephen J ^d  

^a Bldg 142   (United States)

^b NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER   (United States)

^c MORGAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d University of Massachusetts   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AIRCRAFT; ALGORITHMS; DOPPLER RADAR; ERROR ANALYSIS; NASA; WIND;

AIRBORNE DOPPLER RADAR; ATMOSPHERIC WINDS; DOPPLER VELOCITY; ERROR PROPAGATION ANALYSIS; IMAGING WIND AND RAIN AIRBORNE PROFILERS; REPLACEMENT CYCLES; RETRIEVAL METHODS; VARIATIONAL SOLUTIONS;

HURRICANES;

AIRBORNE SENSING; ALGORITHM; DOPPLER RADAR; ERROR ANALYSIS; HURRICANE; LEAST SQUARES METHOD; NUMERICAL MODEL; WIND VELOCITY; ZONAL WIND;

EID: 84902181766     PISSN: 07390572     EISSN: 15200426     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00140.1     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Armijo, L., 1969: A theory for the determination of wind and precipitation velocities with Doppler radars. J. Atmos. Sci., 26, 570-575, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1969)026,0570:ATFTDO.2.0.CO;2.
2. Bell, M. M., M. T. Montgomery, and K. A. Emanuel, 2012: Air-sea enthalpy and momentum exchange at major hurricane wind speeds observed during CBLAST. J. Atmos. Sci., 69, 3197-3222, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-11-0276.1.
3. Bohne, A. R., and R. C. Srivastava, 1976: Random errors in wind and precipitation fall speed measurements by a triple Doppler radar system. Preprints, 17th Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Seattle, WA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 7-14.
4. Braun, S., M. Montgomery, and Z. Pu, 2006: High-resolution simulation of Hurricane Bonnie (1998). Part I: The organization of eyewall vertical motion. J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 19-42, doi:10.1175/JAS3598.1.
5. Braun, S., M. Montgomery and Coauthors, 2013: NASA's Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes (GRIP) field experiment. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 94, 345-363, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00232.1.
6. Chong, M., and C. Campos, 1996: Extended overdetermined dual-Doppler formalism in synthesizing airborne Doppler radar data. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 13, 581-597, doi:10.1175/ 1520-0426(1996)013,0581:EODDFI.2.0.CO;2.
7. Doviak, R. J., and D. S. Zrníc, 1993: Doppler Radar and Weather Observations. Academic Press, 562 pp.
8. Fernandez, D. E., E. Kerr, A. Castells, S. Frasier, J. Carswell, P. S. Chang, P. Black, and F. Marks, 2005: IWRAP: The Imaging Wind and Rain Airborne Profiler for remote sensing of the ocean and the atmospheric boundary layer within tropical cyclones. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 43, 1775-1787, doi:10.1109/TGRS.2005.851640.
9. Gamache, J. F., F. D. Marks, and F. Roux, 1995: Comparison of three airborne Doppler sampling techniques with airborne in situ wind observations in Hurricane Gustav (1990). J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 12, 171-181, doi:10.1175/ 1520-0426(1995)012,0171:COTADS.2.0.CO;2.
10. Gao, J., M. Xue, A. Shapiro, and K. K. Droegemeier, 1999: A variational method for the analysis of three-dimensional wind fields from two Doppler radars. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 2128-2142, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1999)127,2128:AVMFTA.2.0.CO;2.
11. Heymsfield, G. M., 1976: Statistical objective analysis of dual-Doppler radar data from a tornadic storm. J. Appl. Meteor., 15, 59-68, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1976)015,0059:SOAODD.2.0.CO;2.
12. Heymsfield, G. M. and Coauthors, 1996: The EDOP radar system on the high-altitude NASA ER-2 aircraft. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 13, 795-809, doi:10.1175/1520-0426(1996)013,0795:TERSOT.2.0.CO;2.
13. Heymsfield, G. M. J. B. Halverson, and I. J. Caylor, 1999: A wintertime Gulf Coast squall line observed by EDOP airborne Doppler radar. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 2928-2950, doi:10.1175/ 1520-0493(1999)127,2928:AWGCSL.2.0.CO;2.
14. Hildebrand, P. H., and Coauthors, 1996: The ELDORA/ASTRAIA airborne Doppler weather radar: High-resolution observations from TOGA COARE. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 213-233, doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077,0213:TEADWR.2.0.CO;2.
15. Klimowski, B. A., and J. D. Marwitz, 1992: The synthetic dual-Doppler analysis technique. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 9, 728-745, doi:10.1175/1520-0426(1992)009,0728:TSDDAT.2.0.CO;2.
16. Koch, S. E., M. desJardins, and P. J. Kocin, 1983: An interactive Barnes objective map analysis scheme for use with satellite and conventional data. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 22, 1487-1503, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1983)022,1487:AIBOMA.2.0.CO;2.
17. Lee, W. C., P. Dodge, F. D. Marks Jr., and P. H. Hildebrand, 1994:Mapping of airborne Doppler radar data. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 11, 572-578, doi:10.1175/1520-0426(1994)011,0572:MOADRD.2.0.CO;2.
18. Lhermitte, R. M., 1970: Dual-Doppler radar observations of convective storm circulation. Preprints, 14th Radar Meteorology Conf., Tucson, AZ, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 139-144.
19. Li, L., G. M. Heymsfield, J. Carswell, D. Schaubert, J. Creticos, and M. Vega, 2008: High-Altitude Imaging Wind and Rain Airborne Radar (HIWRAP). 2008 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium: Proceedings, IEEE, III-354-III-357, doi:10.1109/IGARSS.2008.4779356.
20. López-Carrillo, C., and D. J. Raymond, 2011: Retrieval of threedimensional wind fields from Doppler radar data using an efficient two-step approach. Atmos. Meas. Tech., 4, 2717-2733, doi:10.5194/amt-4-2717-2011.
21. Marks, F. D., and R. A. Houze, 1984: Airborne Doppler radar observations in Hurricane Debby. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 65, 569-582, doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1984)065,0569:ADROIH.2.0.CO;2.
22. Marks, F. D. and J. Gamache, 1992: Dual-aircraft investigation of the inner core of Hurricane Norbert: Part I: Kinematic structure. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 919-942, doi:10.1175/ 1520-0469(1992)049,0919:DAIOTI.2.0.CO;2.
23. Matejka, T., and D. L. Bartels, 1998: The accuracy of vertical air velocities from Doppler radar data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 92-117, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1998)126,0092:TAOVAV.2.0.CO;2.
24. Potvin, C. K., D. Betten, L. J. Wicker, K. L. Elmore, andM. I. Biggerstaff, 2012: 3DVAR versus traditional dual-Doppler wind retrievals of a simulated supercell thunderstorm. Mon. Wea. Rev., 140, 3487-3494, doi:10.1175/ MWR-D-12-00063.1.
25. Ray, P. S., K. K. Wagner, K. W. Johnson, J. J. Stephens, W. C. Baumgarner, and E. A. Mueller, 1978: Triple-Doppler observations of a convective storm. J. Appl. Meteor., 17, 1201-1212, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1978)017,1201:TDOOAC.2.0.CO;2.
26. Ray, P. S. C. L. Ziegler, W. Bumgarner, and R. J. Serafin, 1980:Single- and multiple- Doppler radar observations of tornadic storms. Mon. Wea. Rev., 108, 1607-1625, doi:10.1175/ 1520-0493(1980)108,1607:SAMDRO.2.0.CO;2.
27. Reasor, P. D., M. D. Eastin, and J. F. Gamache, 2009: Rapidly intensifying Hurricane Guillermo (1997). Part I: Lowwavenumber structure and evolution. Mon. Wea. Rev., 137, 603-631, doi:10.1175/2008MWR2487.1.
28. Sasaki, Y., 1970: Some basic formalisms in numerical variational analysis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 98, 875-883, doi:10.1175/ 1520-0493(1970)098,0875:SBFINV.2.3.CO;2.
29. Shanno, D. F., 1978: Conjugate gradient methods with inexact searches. Math. Oper. Res., 3, 244-256, doi:10.1287/ moor.3.3.244.
30. Shanno, D. F. and K. H. Phua, 1980: Remark on ''Algorithm 500: Minimization of Unconstrained Multivariate Functions [E4].'' ACM Trans. Math. Software, 6, 618-622, doi:10.1145/355921.355933.
31. Shapiro, A., C. K. Potvin, and J. Gao, 2009: Use of a vertical vorticity equation in variational dual-Doppler wind analysis. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 26, 2089-2106, doi:10.1175/ 2009JTECHA1256.1.
32. Strang, G., 1986: Introduction to Applied Mathematics. Wellesley-Cambridge Press, 758 pp.
33. Tian, L., G. Heymsfield, S. Guimond, L. Li, and R. Srivastava, 2011: 3D wind retrieval from downward conical scanning airborne Doppler radar. Preprints, 35th Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Pittsburgh, PA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., P3.37. [Available online at https://ams.confex.com/ams/35Radar/webprogram/Paper191878.html.]
34. Ulbrich, C. W., and P. B. Chilson, 1994: Effects of variations in precipitation size distribution and fallspeed law parameters on relations between mean Doppler fallspeed and reflectivity factor. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 11, 1656-1663, doi:10.1175/1520-0426(1994)011,1656:EOVIPS.2.0.CO;2.
35. Willoughby, H. E., J. A. Clos, and M. G. Shoreibah, 1982:Concentric eyewalls, secondary wind maxima, and the evolution of the hurricane vortex. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 395-411, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1982)039,0395:CEWSWM.2.0.CO;2.
36. Yang, S., and Q. Xu, 1996: Statistical errors in variational data assimilation-A theoretical one-dimensional analysis applied to Doppler wind retrieval. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 2563-2577, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1996)053,2563:SEIVDA.2.0.CO;2.
37. Ziegler, C. L., 1978: A dual Doppler variational objective analysis as applied to studies of convective storms. M.S. thesis, Dept. of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, 115 pp.