A framework for Nordic actor-oriented climate adaptation research

Environmental Science and Policy

Volumn 40, Issue , 2014, Pages 101-115

  Klein, Richard J T ^a,b   Juhola, Sirkku ^c,d  

^a STOCKHOLM ENVIRONMENT INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

^b LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^c UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

^d AALTO UNIVERSITY   (Finland)

Author keywords

Adaptation; Climate change; Mitigation; Nordic region; Research framework; Stakeholders

Indexed keywords

ADAPTATION; AGRICULTURE; ARTICLE; AUTHORITY; AWARENESS; BIODIVERSITY; CARBON FOOTPRINT; CLIMATE; CLIMATE CHANGE; DECISION MAKING; ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT; ECONOMICS; ECOSYSTEM; ENERGY; ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING; FATALITY; GLOBAL CLIMATE; HUMAN; INDUSTRY; INSURANCE; INVESTMENT; KNOWLEDGE; LAND USE; MARINE ENVIRONMENT; OZONE LAYER; POLICY; POLITICAL SYSTEM; PRECIPITATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RENEWABLE ENERGY; RESEARCH; RESPONSIBILITY; SOCIAL LEARNING; THEORY; TOURISM; WARMING;

EID: 84902128583     PISSN: 14629011     EISSN: 18736416     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2014.01.011     Document Type: Article

References (127)

1. Aall C. The early experiences of local climate change adaptation in Norwegian compared with that of local environmental policy, local agenda 21 and local climate change mitigation. Local Environment 2012, 17(6-7):579-595. 10.1080/13549839.2011.631992.
2. Adger W.N. Scales of governance and environmental justice for adaptation and mitigation of climate change. Journal of International Development 2001, 13(7):921-931. 10.1002/jid.833.
3. Arnason R. Climate change and fisheries: assessing the economic impact in Iceland and Greenland. Natural Resource Modeling 2007, 20(2):163-197. 10.1111/j.1939-7445.2007.tb00205.x.
4. Arnell N.W. Adapting to climate change: an evolving research programme. Climatic Change 2010, 100(1):107-111. 10.1007/s10584-010-9839-0.
5. Assessment of Climate Change for the Baltic Sea Basin 2008, BACC Author Team, Springer, Berlin, xxi+473 pp.
6. Bergh J., Freeman M., Sigurdsson B., Kellomaki S., Laitinen K., Niinisto S., Peltola H., Linder S. Modelling the short-term effects of climate change on the productivity of selected tree species in Nordic countries. Forest Ecology and Management 2003, 183(1-3):327-340. 10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00117-8.
7. Biesbroek G.R., Swart R.J., Van der Knaap W.G.M. The mitigation-adaptation dichotomy and the role of spatial planning. Habitat International 2009, 33(3):230-237. 10.1016/j.habitatint.2008.10.001.
8. Biesbroek G.R., Swart R.J., Carter T.R., Cowan C., Henrichs T., Mela H., Morecroft M.D., Rey D. Europe adapts to climate change: comparing national adaptation strategies. Global Environmental Change 2010, 20(3):440-450. 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2010.03.005.
9. Birkland T.A. Lessons of a Disaster: Policy Change after Catastrophic Events 2006, Georgetown University Press, Washington, DC, xviii+223 pp.
10. Björheden R. Drivers behind the development of forest energy in Sweden. Biomass and Bioenergy 2006, 30(4):289-295. 10.1016/j.biombioe.2005.07.005.
11. Björheden R. Possible effects of the hurricane Gudrun on the regional Swedish forest energy supply. Biomass and Bioenergy 2007, 31(9):617-622. 10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.06.025.
12. Börzel T.A. Pace-setting, foot-dragging, and fence-sitting: member state responses to Europeanization. Journal of Common Market Studies 2002, 40(2):193-214. 10.1111/1468-5965.00351.
13. Burton I. Climate Change and the Adaptation Deficit. Occasional Paper 1 2004, Adaptation and Impacts Research Group, Meteorological Service of Canada, Environment Canada, Toronto, 6 pp.
14. Burton I. Adaptation to climate change: context, status and prospects. Climate Change Adaptation in Developed Nations: From Theory to Practice 2011, 477-483. Springer, Berlin. 10.1007/978-94-007-0567-8_35. J.D. Ford, L. Berrang-Ford (Eds.).
15. Carter T.R. Changes in the thermal growing season in Nordic countries during the past century and prospects for the future. Agricultural and Food Sciences in Finland 1998, 7(2):161-179.
16. Carter T.R., Posch M., Tuomenvirta H. Silmuscen and Cligen User's Guide: Guidelines for the Construction of Climatic Scenarios and of a Stochastic Weather Generator in the Finnish Research Programme on Climate Change (Silmu) 1995, Academy of Finland, Helsinki, 62 pp.
17. Christensen J.H., Christensen O.B. A summary of the PRUDENCE model projections of changes in European climate by the end of this century. Climatic Change 2007, 81(Suppl. 1):7-30. 10.1007/s10584-006-9210-7.
18. Christiansen A.C. New renewable energy developments and the climate change issue: a case study of Norwegian politics. Energy Policy 2002, 30(3):235-243. 10.1016/S0301-4215(01)00088-X.
19. Climate-Adapt Denmark. European Climate Adaptation Platform 2012, Available at: http://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/countries/denmark (accessed 15.09.12).
20. Commission of the European Communities 20 20 by 2020: Europe's Climate Change Opportunity 2008, Commission of the European Communities, Brussels, 12 pp.
21. Commission on Climate and Vulnerability Sweden Facing Climate Change - Threats and Opportunities. Swedish Government Official Report SOU 2007:60 2007, 679 pp.
22. Danish Strategy for Adaptation to a Changing Climate 2008, Danish Government, Danish Energy Agency, Copenhagen, 48 pp.
23. Dannevig H., Rauken T., Hovelsrud G. Implementing adaptation to climate change at the local level. Local Environment 2012, 17(6-7):597-611. 10.1080/13549839.2012.678317.
24. Déqué M., Somot S., Sanchez-Gomez E., Goodess C.M., Jacob D., Lenderink G., Christensen O.B. The spread amongst ENSEMBLES regional scenarios: regional climate models, driving general circulation models and interannual variability. Climate Dynamics 2012, 38(5-6):951-964. 10.1007/s00382-011-1053-x.
25. Dessai S., Hulme M. Does climate adaptation policy need probabilities?. Climate Policy 2004, 4(2):107-128. 10.1080/14693062.2004.9685515.
26. Dessai S., Lu X., Risbey J.S. On the role of climate scenarios for adaptation planning. Global Environmental Change 2005, 15(2):87-97. 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2004.12.004.
27. Dessai S., Hulme M., Lempert R., Pielke R. Climate prediction: a limit to adaptation?. Adapting to Climate Change: Thresholds, Values, Governance 2009, 64-78. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. W.N. Adger, I. Lorenzoni, K.L. O'Brien (Eds.).
28. Directorate for Civil Protection and Emergency Planning Climate Change Adaptation in Norway 2009, Available at: http://www.regjeringen.no/en/dep/md/kampanjer/engelsk-forside-for-klimatilpasning/on-climate-change-adaptation-in-norway.html?id=540010 (accessed 15.09.12).
29. Dockerty T., Lovett A., Sünnenberg G., Appleton K., Parry M. Visualising the potential impacts of climate change on rural landscapes. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 2005, 29(3):297-320. 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2004.05.004.
30. Donovan A., Oppenheimer C. Science, policy and place in volcanic disasters: insights from Montserrat. Environmental Science & Policy 2013, (in press). 10.1016/j.envsci.2013.08.009.
31. Eisenack K., Stecker R. A framework for analyzing climate change adaptations as actions. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 2012, 17(3):243-260. 10.1007/s11027-011-9323-9.
32. Engström R., Nilsson M., Finnveden G. Which environmental problems get policy attention? Examining energy and agricultural sector policies in Sweden. Environmental Impact Assessment Review 2008, 28(4-5):241-255. 10.1016/j.eiar.2007.10.001.
33. Ericsson K., Huttunen S., Nilsson L.J., Svenningsson P. Bioenergy policy and market development in Finland and Sweden. Energy Policy 2004, 32(15):1707-1721. 10.1016/S0301-4215(03)00161-7.
34. Füssel H.-M., Klein R.J.T. Climate change vulnerability assessments: an evolution of conceptual thinking. Climatic Change 2006, 75(3):301-329. 10.1007/s10584-006-0329-3.
35. Gawith M., Street R., Westaway R., Steynor A. Application of the UKCIP02 climate change scenarios: reflections and lessons learnt. Global Environmental Change 2009, 19(1):113-121. 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2008.09.005.
36. Glaas E., Jonsson A., Hjerpe M., Andersson-Sköld Y. Managing climate change vulnerabilities: formal institutions and knowledge use as determinants of adaptive capacity at the local level in Sweden. Local Environment 2010, 15(6):525-539. 10.1080/13549839.2010.487525.
37. Granberg M., Elander I. Local governance and climate change: reflections on the Swedish experience. Local Environment 2008, 12(5):537-548. 10.1080/13549830701656911.
38. Greiving S., Flex F., Lindner C., Luckenkotter J., Holsten A., Juhola S., Niemi P., Peltonen L., Davoudi S., Tranous E., Langeland O., Langset B., Schmidt Thome P., Klein J., Sauri D., Serra A., Schneller K., Csete M., Kruse S., Bouwman A., Knoop J. Climate change and territorial effects on regions and local economies. Final Report. Applied research 2013/1/4 2011, ESPON & IRPUD TU Dortmund, Dortmund, http://www.espon.eu/main/Menu_Projects/Menu_AppliedResearch/climate.html.
39. Guy Carpenter Windstorm Erwin/Gudrun - January 2005. Speciality Practice Briefing 2 2005, Guy Carpenter & Company Ltd., New York, 14 pp.
40. Haas P.M. Introduction: epistemic communities and international policy coordination. International Organization 1992, 46(1):1-35. 10.1017/S0020818300001442.
41. Hall J. Probabilistic climate scenarios may misrepresent uncertainty and lead to bad adaptation decisions. Hydrological Processes 2007, 21(8):1127-1129. 10.1002/hyp.6573.
42. Hallegatte S., Henriet F., Corfee-Morlot J. The economics of climate change impacts and policy benefits at city scale: a conceptual framework. Climatic Change 2011, 104(1):51-87.
43. Hegger D., Lamers M., Van Zeijl-Rozema A., Dieperink C. Conceptualising joint knowledge production in regional climate change adaptation projects: success conditions and levers for action. Environmental Science & Policy 2012, 18:52-65. 10.1016/j.envsci.2012.01.002.
44. Hertin J., Turnpenny J., Jordan A., Nilsson M., Russel D., Nykvist B. Rationalising the policy mess? Ex ante policy assessment and the utilisation of knowledge in the policy process. Environment & Planning A 2009, 41(5):1185-1200. 10.1068/a40266.
45. Hulme M., Dessai S. Negotiating future climates for public policy: a critical assessment of the development of climate scenarios for the UK. Environmental Science & Policy 2008, 11(1):54-70. 10.1016/j.envsci.2007.09.003.
46. Climate change 2007: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2007, IPCC, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, x+976 pp. M.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. Van der Linden, C.E. Hanson (Eds.).
47. Managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate change adaptation. Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2012, IPCC, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, x+582 pp. C.B. Field, V. Barros, T.F. Stocker, D. Qin, D.J. Dokken, K.L. Ebi, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, G.-K. Plattner, S.K. Allen, M. Tignor, P.M. Midgley (Eds.).
48. Energy, Policy, and the Environment: Modeling Sustainable Development for the North 2011, Springer, New York, x+223 pp. M. Järvelä, S. Juhola (Eds.).
49. Johannessen Å., Hahn T. Social learning towards a more adaptive paradigm? Reducing flood risk in Kristianstad municipality, Sweden. Global Environmental Change 2013, 23(1):372-381. 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.07.009.
50. Johansson J., Schmid-Neset T.-S., Linnér B.-O. Evaluating climate visualization: an information visualization approach. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Visualisation 2010, 156-161. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos. 10.1109/IV.2010.32.
51. Jones R.N. An environmental risk assessment/management framework for climate change impact assessments. Natural Hazards 2001, 23(2-3):197-230. 10.1023/A:1011148019213.
52. Juhola S. Mainstreaming climate change adaptation: the case of multilevel governance in Finland. Development of Adaptation Policy and Practice in Europe: Multi-level Governance of Climate Change 2010, 149-187. Springer, Dordrecht. 10.1007/978-90-481-9325-7_4. E.C.H. Keskitalo (Ed.).
53. Juhola S., Kruse S. A framework for analysing regional adaptive capacity assessments: challenges for methodology and policy making. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 2013, 10.1007/s11027-013-9481-z.
54. Juhola S., Keskitalo C., Westerhoff L. Understanding the framings of climate change adaptation across multiple scales of governance in Europe. Environmental Politics 2011, 20(4):445-463. 10.1080/09644016.2011.589571.
55. Juhola S., Haanpää S., Peltonen L. Regional challenges of climate change adaptation in Finland: examining the ability of adapt in the absence of national level steering. Local Environment 2012, 17(6-7):629-639. 10.1080/13549839.2012.665860.
56. Juhola S., Peltonen L., Niemi P. The ability of Nordic countries to adapt to climate change: assessing adaptive capacity at the regional level. Local Environment 2012, 17(6-7):717-734. 10.1080/13549839.2012.665861.
57. Juhola S., Driscoll P., Mendler de Suarez J., Suarez P. Social strategy games in communicating trade-offs between mitigation and adaptation in cities. Urban Climate 2013, 4:102-116. 10.1016/j.uclim.2013.04.003.
58. Juntti M., Russel D., Turnpenny J. Evidence, politics and power in public policy for the environment. Environmental Science & Policy 2009, 12(3):207-215. 10.1016/j.envsci.2008.12.007.
59. Kautto N., Arasto A., Sijm J., Peck P. Interaction of the EU ETS and national climate policy instruments - impact on biomass use. Biomass and Bioenergy 2012, 38:117-127. 10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.02.002.
60. Keeley J., Scoones I. Understanding Environmental Policy Processes. Cases from Africa 2003, Earthscan, London, xvi+224 pp.
61. Kendon E.J., Roberts N.M., Senior C.A., Roberts M.J. Realism of rainfall in a very high-resolution regional climate model. Journal of Climate 2012, 25(17):5791-5806. 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00562.1.
62. Keskitalo E.C.H. Adapting to climate change in Sweden: national policy development and adaptation measures in Västra Götaland. Development of Adaptation Policy and Practice in Europe: Multi-level Governance of Climate Change 2010, 189-232. Springer, Dordrecht. 10.1007/978-90-481-9325-7_5. E.C.H. Keskitalo (Ed.).
63. Keskitalo E.C.H., Dannevig H., Hovelsrud G.K., West J.J., Gerger Swartling Å. Adaptive capacity determinants in developed states: examples from the Nordic countries and Russia. Regional Environmental Change 2011, 11(3):579-592. 10.1007/s10113-010-0182-9.
64. Kingdon J.W. Agendas, Alternatives and Public Policies 1984, Little, Brown and Company, Boston, xi+240 pp.
65. Kirilenko A., Sedjo R.A. Climate change impacts on forestry. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2007, 104(50):19697-19702. 10.1073/pnas.0701424104.
66. Kjellström E., Nikulin G., Hansson U., Strandberg G., Ullerstig A. 21st century changes in the European climate: uncertainties derived from an ensemble of regional climate model simulations. Tellus A 2011, 63(1):24-40. 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2010.00475.x.
67. Klein R.J.T. Adaptation to climate change: more than technology. Climate: Global Change and Local Adaptation 2011, 157-168. Springer, Berlin. 10.1007/978-94-007-1770-1_9. I. Linkov, T.S. Bridges (Eds.).
68. Langlais R. Adaptigation. Journal of Nordregio 2009, 9(4):2.
69. Larsen R.K., Gerger Swartling Å., Powell N., May B., Plummer R., Simonsson L., Osbeck M. A framework for facilitating dialogue between policy planners and local climate change adaptation professionals: cases from Sweden, Canada and Indonesia. Environmental Science & Policy 2012, 23,:12-23. 10.1016/j.envsci.2012.06.014.
70. Larsen S.V., Kørnøv L., Wejs A. Mind the gap in SEA: an institutional perspective on why assessment of synergies amongst climate change mitigation, adaptation and other policy areas are missing. Environmental Impact Assessment Review 2012, 33(1):32-40. 10.1016/j.eiar.2011.09.003.
71. Latour B. Politiques de la Nature: Comment Faire Entrer les Sciences en Démocratie 1999, La Découverte, Paris, x+382 pp.
72. Lund P.D. The link between political decision-making and energy options: assessing future role of renewable energy and energy efficiency in Finland. Energy 2007, 32(12):2271-2281. 10.1016/j.energy.2007.05.015.
73. Lund D.H., Sehestad K., Hellesen T., Nelleman V. Climate change adaptation in Denmark: enhancement through collaboration and meta-governance?. Local Environment 2012, 17(6-7):613-628. 10.1080/13549839.2012.678318.
74. Marrachi G., Sirotenko O., Bindi M. Impacts of present and future climate variability on agriculture and forestry in the temperate regions: Europe. Climatic Change 2005, 70(1-2):117-135. 10.1007/s10584-005-5939-7.
75. Marttila V., Granholm H., Laankari J., Yrjolä T., Aalto A., Heikinheimo P., Honkatukia J., Järvinen H., Liski J., Merivirta R., Paunio M. Finland's National Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change. Publication 1a/2005 2005, 280. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Helsinki.
76. Merivuori K. Storm Damages in the Nordic Countries and Impacts on Markets 2012, Finnish Sawmills, Helsinki, 2 pp.
77. Mideksa T.K., Kallbekken S. The impact of climate change on the electricity market: a review. Energy Policy 2010, 38(7):3579-3585. 10.1016/j.enpol.2010.02.035.
78. Ministry for the Environment Iceland's Climate Change Strategy 2007, Ministry for the Environment, Reykjavik, 37 pp.
79. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Evaluation of the Implementation of Finland's National Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change. Publication 4a/2009 2009, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Helsinki, 44 pp.
80. Ministry of the Environment, 2013. Klimatilpasning i Norge. Melding til Stortinget 33, Oslo, Norway, 99 pp. Available at: http://www.regjeringen.no/mobil/nb/dep/kld/dok/regpubl/stmeld/2012-2013/meld-st-33-20122013.html?id=725930 (accessed 12.11.13).
81. Moser S.C. Communicating climate change: history, challenges, process and future directions. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change 2010, 1(1):31-53. 10.1002/wcc.11.
82. Næss L.O., Bang G., Eriksen S., Vevatne J. Institutional adaptation to climate change: flood responses at the municipal level in Norway. Global Environmental Change 2005, 15(2):125-138. 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2004.10.003.
83. Næss L.O., Thorsen Norland I., Lafferty W.M., Aall C. Data and processes linking vulnerability assessment to adaptation decision-making on climate change in Norway. Global Environmental Change 2006, 16(2):221-233. 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.01.007.
84. Nicholson-Cole S.A. Representing climate change futures: a critique on the use of images for visual communication. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 2005, 29(3):255-273. 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2004.05.002.
85. Nilsson A.E., Gerger Swartling Å., Eckerberg K. Knowledge for local climate change adaptation in Sweden: challenges of multilevel governance. Local Environment 2012, 17(6-7):751-767. 10.1080/13549839.2012.678316.
86. NordForsk Nordic Climate Change Research. NordForsk Policy Brief 2009-8. Norden, Oslo 2009, 92 pp.
87. Nordic Council of Ministers Joint Implementation as a Measure to Curb Climate Change - Nordic Perspectives and Priorities. TemaNord 1995:534 1995, Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen, 96 pp.
88. O'Brien K., Sygna L., Haugen J.E. Vulnerable or resilient? A multi-scale assessment of climate impacts and vulnerability in Norway. Climatic Change 2004, 64(1-2):193-225. 10.1023/B:CLIM.0000024668.70143.80.
89. O'Brien K., Eriksen S., Sygna L., Næss L.O. Questioning complacency: climate change impacts, vulnerability and adaptation in Norway. Ambio 2006, 35(2):50-56. 10.1579/0044-7447(2006)35[50:QCCCIV]2.0.CO;2.
90. Olesen J.E., Bindi M. Consequences of climate change for European agricultural productivity, land use and policy. European Journal of Agronomy 2002, 16(4):239-262. 10.1016/S1161-0301(02)00004-7.
91. Olesen J.E., Trnka M., Kersebaum K.C., Skjelvåg A.O., Seguin B., Peltonen-Sainio P., Rossi F., Kozyra J., Micale F. Impacts and adaptation of European crop production systems to climate change. European Journal of Agronomy 2011, 34(2):96-112. 10.1016/j.eja.2010.11.003.
92. Osberghaus D., Reif C. Total costs and budgetary effects of adaptation to climate change: an assessment for the European Union. Discussion Paper 10-046 2010, Centre for European Economic Research, Mannheim, 41 pp.
93. Patt A. Dealing with uncertainty: how do you assess the impossible?. Assessments of Regional and Global Environmental Risks: Designing Processes for the Effective Use of Science in Decision Making 2006, 119-137. Resources for the Future, Washington, DC. A.E. Farrell, J. Jäger (Eds.).
94. Patt A., Dessai S. Communicating uncertainty: lessons learned and suggestions for climate change assessment. Comptes Rendus Geoscience 2005, 337(4):425-441. 10.1016/j.crte.2004.10.004.
95. Patt A., Suarez P., Hess U. How do small-holder farmers understand insurance, and how much do they want it? Evidence from Africa. Global Environmental Change 2010, 20(1):153-161. 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2009.10.007.
96. Pelling M., High C., Dearing J., Smith D. Shadow spaces for social learning: a relational understanding of adaptive capacity to climate change within organisations. Environment and Planning A 2008, 40(4):867-884. 10.1068/a39148.
97. Pettersson M., Ek K., Söderholm K., Söderholm P. Windpower planning and permitting: comparative perspectives from the Nordic countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2010, 14(9):3116-3123. 10.1016/j.rser.2010.07.008.
98. Pielke R., Prins G., Rayner S., Sarewitz D. Lifting the taboo on adaptation. Nature 2007, 445(7128):597-598. 10.1038/445597a.
99. Pohjanpalo K. Storm Dagmar Cuts Power, Causes Damage across Nordic Region. Bloomberg 2011, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-12-27/dagmar-s-hurricane-winds-cut-power-to-170-000-people-in-nordic-countries.html.
100. Pohl C. From science to policy through transdisciplinary research. Environmental Science & Policy 2008, 11(1):46-53. 10.1016/j.envsci.2007.06.001.
101. Poudel B.C., Sathre R., Bergh J., Gustavsson L., Lundström A., Hyvonen R. Potential effects of intensive forestry on biomass production and total carbon balance in north-central Sweden. Environmental Science and Policy 2012, 15(1):106-124. 10.1016/j.envsci.2011.09.005.
102. PROVIA PROVIA Guidance on Assessing Vulnerability, Impacts and Adaptation to Climate Change 2013, Consultation Document, United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi, Kenya, 198 pp.
103. Rasmussen T.V., Hansen E.J.D.P., Marsh R. Adapting the Danish building stock and urban environment to climate change. Poster presented at the conference 'Climate Adaptation in the Nordic Countries: Science, Practice, Policy' 2010, http://vbn.aau.dk/files/41386415/Poster_Adapting_the_Danish_Building_Stock_and_Urban_Environment_to_Climate_Change.pdf.
104. Rocklöv J., Forsberg B. The effect of high ambient temperature on the elderly population in three regions of Sweden. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2010, 7(6):2607-2619. 10.3390/ijerph7062607.
105. Rød J.K., Berthling I., Lein H., Lujala P., Vatne G., Bye L.M. Integrated vulnerability mapping for wards in Mid-Norway. Local Environment 2012, 17(6-7):695-716. 10.1080/13549839.2012.685879.
106. Rummukainen M. State-of-the-art with regional climate models. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change 2010, 1(1):82-96. 10.1002/wcc.8.
107. Sairinen R. Public support for environmental policy in Finland: cultural interpretations of survey results. Scandinavian Political Studies 2001, 24(2):129-148. 10.1111/1467-9477.00050.
108. Sairinen R. The politics of regulatory reform: 'new' environmental policy instruments in Finland. Environmental Politics 2003, 12(1):73-92. 10.1080/714000666.
109. Schaeffer R., Szklo A.S., Frossard Pereira de Lucena A., Soares Moreira Cesar Borba B., Pinheiro Pupo Nogueira L., Pereira Fleming F., Troccoli A., Harrison M., Sadeck Boulahya M. Energy sector vulnerability to climate change: a review. Energy 2012, 38(1):1-12. 10.1016/j.energy.2011.11.056.
110. Sheppard S.R.J. Landscape visualisation and climate change: the potential for influencing perceptions and behaviour. Environmental Science & Policy 2005, 8(6):637-654. 10.1016/j.envsci.2005.08.002.
111. Sheppard S.R.J., Shaw A., Flanders D., Burch S., Wiek A., Carmichael J., Robinson J., Cohen S. Future visioning of local climate change: a framework for community engagement and planning with scenarios and visualisation. Futures 2011, 43(4):400-412. 10.1016/j.futures.2011.01.009.
112. Smit B., Wandel J. Adaptation, adaptive capacity and vulnerability. Global Environmental Change 2006, 16(3):282-292. 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.03.008.
113. Smit B., Burton I., Klein R.J.T., Street R. The science of adaptation: a framework for assessment. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 1999, 4(3-4):199-213. 10.1023/A:1009652531101.
114. Smit B., Burton I., Klein R.J.T., Wandel J. An anatomy of adaptation to climate change and variability. Climatic Change 2000, 45(1):223-251. 10.1023/A:1005661622966.
115. Sperling K., Hvelplund F., Vad Mathiesen B. Centralisation and decentralisation in strategic municipal energy planning in Denmark. Energy Policy 2011, 39(3):1338-1351. 10.1016/j.enpol.2010.12.006.
116. Storbjörk S. Governing climate adaptation in the local arena: challenges of risk management and planning in Sweden. Local Environment 2007, 12(5):457-469. 10.1080/13549830701656960.
117. Stupak I., Asikainen A., Jonsell M., Karltun E., Lunna A., Mizaraite D., Pasanen K., Pärn H., Raulund-Rasmussen K., Röser D., Schroeder M., Varnagiryte I., Vilkriste L., Callesen I., Clarke N., Gaitnieks T., Ingerslev M., Mandre M., Ozolincius R., Saarsalmi A., Armolaitis K., Helmisaari H.-S., Indriksons A., Kairiukstis L., Katzensteiner K., Kukkolai M., Ots M., Ravn H.P., Tamminiemi P. Sustainable utilisation of forest biomass for energy - possibilities and problems: policy, legislation, certification, and recommendations and guidelines in the Nordic, Baltic, and other European countries. Biomass and Bioenergy 2007, 31(10):666-684. 10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.06.012.
118. Swart R., Biesbroek G.R., Binnerup S., Carter T., Cowan C., Henrichs T., Loquen S., Mela H., Morecroft M., Reese M., Rey D. Europe Adapts to Climate Change. Comparing National Adaptation Strategies. PEER Report 1 2009, Partnership for European Environmental Research, Helsinki, 280 pp.
119. Tervo K. The operational and regional vulnerability of winter tourism to climate variability and change: the case of the Finnish nature-based tourism entrepreneurs. Scandinavian Journal of Tourism and Hospitality 2008, 8(4):317-332. 10.1080/15022250802553696.
120. Tribbia J., Moser S.C. More than information: what coastal managers need to plan for climate change. Environmental Science & Policy 2008, 11(4):315-328. 10.1016/j.envsci.2008.01.003.
121. Human Development Report 2013 - The Rise of the South: Human Progress in a Diverse World 2013, UNDP, United Nations Development Programme, New York, ix+202 pp.
122. Valkila N., Saari A. Urgent need for a new approach to energy policy: the case of Finland. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2010, 14(7):2068-2076. 10.1016/j.rser.2010.03.039.
123. Vogel C., O'Brien K. Who can eat information? Examining the effectiveness of seasonal climate forecasts and regional climate-risk management strategies. Climate Research 2006, 33(1):111-122. 10.3354/cr033111.
124. Walther A., Jeong J.-H., Nikulin G., Jones C., Chen D. Evaluation of the warm season diurnal cycle of precipitation over Sweden simulated by the Rossby Centre regional climate model RCA3. Atmospheric Research 2013, 119:131-139. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2011.10.012.
125. Welp M., de la Vega-Leinert A.C., Stoll-Kleemann S., Jaeger C.C. Science-based stakeholder dialogues: theories and tools. Global Environmental Change 2006, 16(2):170-181. 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2005.12.002.
126. Westerhoff L., Juhola S. Science-policy linkages in climate change adaptation in Europe. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 2010, 2(3):222-241. 10.1108/17568691011063024.
127. Wichmann J., Andersen Z.J., Ketzel M., Ellermann T., Loft S. Apparent temperature and cause-specific mortality in Copenhagen, Denmark: a case-crossover analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2011, 8(9):3712-3727. 10.3390/ijerph8093712.