Mortality and causes of death among HIV-infected individuals in the country of Georgia: 1989-2012

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

Volumn 30, Issue 6, 2014, Pages 560-566

  Chkhartishvili, Nikoloz ^a   Sharvadze, Lali ^a,b   Chokoshvili, Otar ^a   Bolokadze, Natalia ^a   Rukhadze, Nino ^a   Kempker, Russell R ^c   Gamkrelidze, Amiran ^d   Dehovitz, Jack A ^e   Del Rio, Carlos ^c,f   Tsertsvadze, Tengiz ^a,b  

^a Infectious Diseases AIDS and Clinical Immunology Research Center   (Georgia)

^b TBILISI STATE UNIVERSITY   (Georgia)

^c EMORY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^d National Center for Disease Control and Public Health   (Georgia)

^e SUNY DOWNSTATE MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^f EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTI HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AGENT; HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN; VIRUS ANTIBODY;

ACCIDENT; ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ADULT; AIDS RELATED COMPLEX; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; ANTIVIRAL THERAPY; ARTICLE; CAUSE OF DEATH; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; COHORT ANALYSIS; CRYPTOCOCCAL MENINGITIS; DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DISEASE; END STAGE LIVER DISEASE; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE; HEART DISEASE; HETEROSEXUALITY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTED PATIENT; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; KIDNEY FAILURE; LUNG EMBOLISM; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SUBSTANCE ABUSE; SUICIDE; TUBERCULOSIS; VASCULAR DISEASE; VIRUS HEPATITIS; WASTING SYNDROME; ADOLESCENT; EPIDEMIOLOGY; GEORGIA (REPUBLIC); SURVIVAL; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CAUSE OF DEATH; COHORT STUDIES; FEMALE; GEORGIA (REPUBLIC); HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; MALE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; SURVIVAL ANALYSIS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84902122002     PISSN: 08892229     EISSN: 19318405     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/aid.2013.0219     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Palella FJ Jr, Delaney KM, Moorman AC, et al. Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. HIV Outpatient Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 1998;338(13)853-860. (Pubitemid 28135961)
2. Sterne JA, Hernan MA, Ledergerber B, et al. Long-term effectiveness of potent antiretroviral therapy in preventing AIDS and death A prospective cohort study. Lancet 2005;366(9483)378-384. (Pubitemid 41073955)
3. Mills EJ, Bakanda C, Birungi J, et al. Life expectancy of persons receiving combination antiretroviral therapy in low-income countries A cohort analysis from Uganda. Ann Intern Med 2011;155(4)209-216.
4. Reniers G, Araya T, Davey G, et al. Steep declines in population-level AIDS mortality following the introduction of antiretroviral therapy in AdDis Ababa, Ethiopia. AIDS 2009;23(4)511-518.
5. Braitstein P, Brinkhof MW, Dabis F, et al. Mortality of HIV-1-infected patients in the first year of antiretroviral therapy Comparison between low-income and highincome countries. Lancet 2006;367(9513)817-824.
6. Lucas S Causes of death in the HAART era. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2012;25(1)36-41.
7. Tsertsvadze T, Chkhartishvili N, Sharvadze L, et al. Outcomes of universal access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Georgia. AIDS Res Treat 2011;2011;621078.
8. Kowalska JD, Friis-MollerN,KirkO, et al. TheCoding Causes of Death inHIV (CoDe) Project Initial results and evaluation of methodology. Epidemiology 2011;22(4)516-523.
9. The CoDe Project Coding Causes of Death in HIV, Protocol version 1.0. The CoDe Project, www.cphiv.dk/CoDe/tabid/55/Default.aspx. Accessed November 12, 2012.
10. World Health Organization ICD-10, International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th rev., 2nd ed. World Health Organization, Geneva, 2005.
11. World Health Organization. Verbal autopsy standards ascertaining and attributing cause of death. World Health Organization, Geneva, 2007.
12. Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention 1993 revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults. MMWR Recomm Rep 1992;41(RR-17)1-19.
13. Weber R, Ruppik M, Rickenbach M, et al. Decreasing mortality and changing patterns of causes of death in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. HIV Med 2013;14(4)195-207.
14. Palella FJ Jr, Baker RK, Moorman AC, et al. Mortality in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era Changing causes of death and Disease in the HIV outpatient study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2006;43(1)27-34. (Pubitemid 44306484)
15. Reekie J, Kowalska JD, Karpov I, et al. Regional differences in AIDS and non-AIDS related mortality in HIVpositive individuals across Europe and Argentina The EuroSIDA Study. PLoS One 2012;7(7)e41673.
16. Krentz HB, Kliewer G, and Gill MJ Changing mortality rates and causes of death for HIV-infected individuals living in Southern Alberta, Canada from 1984 to 2003. HIV Med 2005;6(2)99-106. (Pubitemid 40425973)
17. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, WHO Regional Office for Europe HIV/AIDS Surveillance in Europe 2012. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, 2013.
18. Mocroft A, Kirk O, Aldins P, et al. Loss to follow-up in an international, multicentre observational study. HIV Med 2008;9(5)261-269. (Pubitemid 351517272)
19. Sabin CA, Smith CJ, Youle M, et al. Deaths in the era of HAART Contribution of late presentation, treatment exposure, resistance and abnormal laboratory markers. AIDS 2006;20(1)67-71. (Pubitemid 41818116)
20. Simmons R, Ciancio B, Kall M, Rice B, and Delpech V Ten-year mortality trends among persons diagnosed with HIV infection in England and Wales in the era of antiretroviral therapy AIDS remains a silent killer. HIV Med 2013;14(10)596-604.
21. Larsen MV, Omland LH, Gerstoft J, et al. Impact of injecting drug use on mortality in Danish HIV-infected patients A nation-wide population-based cohort study. Addiction 2010;105(3)529-535.
22. Murray M, Hogg RS, Lima VD, et al. The effect of injecting drug use history on Disease progression and death among HIV-positive individuals initiating combination antiretroviral therapy Collaborative cohort analysis. HIV Med 2012;13(2)89-97.
23. Wood E, Hogg RS, Lima VD, et al. Highly active antiretroviral therapy and survival in HIV-infected injection drug users. JAMA 2008;300(5)550-554.
24. Westergaard RP, Ambrose BK, Mehta SH, and Kirk GD Provider and clinic-level correlates of deferring antiretroviral therapy for people who inject drugs A survey of North American HIV providers. J Int AIDS Soc 2012;15(1)10.
25. UNAIDS 2012 Progress reports submitted by countries. www.unaids.org/en/ dataanalysis/knowyourresponse/country progressreports/2012countries/. Accessed December 31, 2013.
26. Chikovani I, Goguadze K, Ranade S, Wertlieb M, Rukhadze N, and Gotsadze G Prevalence of HIV among injection drug users in Georgia. J Int AIDS Soc 2011;149.
27. Crum NF, Riffenburgh RH, Wegner S, et al. Comparisons of causes of death and mortality rates among HIV-infected persons Analysis of the pre-, early, and late HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy) eras. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2006;41(2)194-200.
28. Sackoff JE, Hanna DB, Pfeiffer MR, and Torian LV Causes of death among persons with AIDS in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy New York City. Ann Intern Med 2006;145(6)397-406. (Pubitemid 46768570)
29. Simard Edgar P and Engels Eric A Cancer as a cause of death among people with AIDS in the United States. Clin Infect Dis 2010;51(8)957-962.
30. Lewden C, May T, Rosenthal E, et al. Changes in causes of death among adults infected by HIV between 2000 and 2005 The "Mortalite 2000 and 2005" surveys (ANRS EN19 and Mortavic). J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2008;48(5)590-598.
31. Pacheco AG, Tuboi SH, May SB, et al. Temporal changes in causes of death among HIV-infected patients in the HAART era in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2009;51(5)624-630.
32. Au-Yeung C, Kanters S, Ding E, et al. Tuberculosis mortality in HIV-infected individuals A cross-national systematic assessment. Clin Epidemiol 2011;321-29.
33. Podlekareva DN, Mocroft A, Post FA, et al. Mortality from HIV and TB coinfections is higher in Eastern Europe than in Western Europe and Argentina. AIDS 2009;23(18)2485-2495.
34. World Health Organization Global Tuberculosis Report 2012. WHO, Geneva, 2012.
35. Rabin AS, Kuchukhidze G, Sanikidze E, Kempker RR, and Blumberg HM Prescribed and self-medication use increase delays in diagnosis of tuberculosis in the country of Georgia. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2013;17(2)214-220.
36. Brinkhof MWG, Pujades-Rodriguez M, and Egger M Mortality of patients lost to follow-up in antiretroviral treatment programmes in resource-limited settings Systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2009;4(6) e5790.
37. Brinkhof MWG, Spycher BD, Yiannoutsos C, et al. Adjusting mortality for loss to follow-up Analysis of five ART programmes in sub-Saharan Africa. PLoS One 2010;5(11)e14149.
38. Brinkhof MW, Dabis F, Myer L, et al. Early loss of HIVinfected patients on potent antiretroviral therapy programmes in lower-income countries. Bull World Health Organ 2008;86(7)559-567. (Pubitemid 351931216)
39. Granich R, Gupta S, Suthar AB, et al. Antiretroviral therapy in prevention of HIV and TB Update on current research efforts. Curr HIV Res 2011;9(6)446-469.