Discontinuation of clozapine: A 15-year naturalistic retrospective study of 320 patients

Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica

Volumn 130, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 30-39

  Davis, M C ^a   Fuller, M A ^b,c   Strauss, M E ^b,c   Konicki, P E ^b,c   Jaskiw, G E ^b,c  

^a Education   (United States)

^b LOUIS STOKES CLEVELAND VA MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Adherence; Antipsychotics; Clinical aspects; Compliance; Epidemiology; Schizophrenia

Indexed keywords

CHLORPROMAZINE; CLOZAPINE; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT;

ADULT; AFRICAN AMERICAN; AGRANULOCYTOSIS; AKATHISIA; ARTICLE; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; CLINICAL PROTOCOL; CONSTIPATION; DRUG FATALITY; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; DYSTONIA; EOSINOPHILIA; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYPERHIDROSIS; HYPERSALIVATION; HYPOTENSION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICAL RECORD REVIEW; MEDICATION COMPLIANCE; MENTAL DISEASE; NEUTROPENIA; PARKINSONISM; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RACE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; RISK FACTOR; SCHIZOAFFECTIVE PSYCHOSIS; SEDATION; SEIZURE; SOMNOLENCE; TACHYCARDIA; TARDIVE DYSKINESIA; MIDDLE AGED; SCHIZOPHRENIA;

ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS; CLOZAPINE; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MEDICATION ADHERENCE; MIDDLE AGED; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS; SCHIZOPHRENIA;

EID: 84902078351     PISSN: 0001690X     EISSN: 16000447     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/acps.12233     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Levine SZ, Rabinowitz J, Faries D, Lawson AH, Scher-Svanum H. Treatment response trajectories and antipsychotic medications: examination of up to 18 months of treatment in the CATIE chronic schizophrenia trial. Schizophr Res 2012;137:141-146.
2. Kane J, Honigfeld G, Singer J, Meltzer H. Clozapine for the treatment-resistant schizophrenic. A double-blind comparison with chlorpromazine. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1988;45:789-796.
3. Glick ID, Correll CU, Altamura AC et al. Mid-term and long-term efficacy and effectiveness of antipsychotic medications for schizophrenia: a data-driven, personalized clinical approach. J Clin Psychiatry 2011;72:1616-1627.
4. Lewis SW, Barnes TR, Davies L et al. Randomized controlled trial of effect of prescription of clozapine versus other second-generation antipsychotic drugs in resistant schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2006;32:715-723.
5. Essali A, Al Haj HN, Li C, Rathbone J. Clozapine versus typical neuroleptic medication for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009;CD000059.
6. McEvoy JP, Lieberman JA, Stroup TS et al. Effectiveness of clozapine versus olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone in patients with chronic schizophrenia who did not respond to prior atypical antipsychotic treatment. Am J Psychiatry 2006;163:600-610.
7. Howes OD, Vergunst F, Gee S, McGuire P, Kapur S, Taylor D. Adherence to treatment guidelines in clinical practice: study of antipsychotic treatment prior to clozapine initiation. Br J Psychiatry 2012;201:481-485.
8. Nielsen J, Roge R, Schjerning O, Sorensen HJ, Taylor D. Geographical and temporal variations in clozapine prescription for schizophrenia. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2012;22:818-824.
9. Meltzer HY. Clozapine: balancing safety with superior antipsychotic efficacy. Clin Schizophr Relat Psychoses 2012;6:134-144.
10. Kreyenbuhl J, Buchanan RW, Dickerson FB, Dixon LB. The Schizophrenia Patient Outcomes Research Team (PORT): updated treatment recommendations 2009. Schizophr Bull 2010;36:94-103.
11. Newcomer JW. Second-generation (atypical) antipsychotics and metabolic effects: a comprehensive literature review. CNS Drugs 2005;19(Suppl 1):1-93.
12. Tuunainen A, Wahlbeck K, Gilbody SM. Newer atypical antipsychotic medication versus clozapine for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;CD000966.
13. Fitzsimons J, Berk M, Lambert T, Bourin M, Dodd S. A review of clozapine safety. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2005;4:731-744.
14. Honigfeld G, Arellano F, Sethi J, Bianchini A, Schein J. Reducing clozapine-related morbidity and mortality: 5 years of experience with the Clozaril National Registry. J Clin Psychiatry 1998;59(Suppl 3):3-7.
15. Munro J, O'sullivan D, Andrews C, Arana A, Mortimer A, Kerwin R. Active monitoring of 12, 760 clozapine recipients in the UK and Ireland. Beyond pharmacovigilance. Br J Psychiatry 1999;175:576-580.
16. Fenton WS, Blyler CR, Heinssen RK. Determinants of medication compliance in schizophrenia: empirical and clinical findings. Schizophr Bull 1997;23:637-651.
17. Burton SC. Strategies for improving adherence to second-generation antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia by increasing ease of use. J Psychiatr Pract 2005;11:369-378.
18. Dunayevich E, Ascher-Svanum H, Zhao F et al. Longer time to antipsychotic treatment discontinuation for any cause is associated with better functional outcomes for patients with schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, or schizoaffective disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2007;68:1163-1171.
19. Perkins DO. Clinical trials in schizophrenia with results for the real world. CNS Spectr 2006;11:9-13.
20. Rosenheck R, Chang S, Choe Y et al. Medication continuation and compliance: a comparison of patients treated with clozapine and haloperidol. J Clin Psychiatry 2000;61:382-386.
21. Krivoy A, Malka L, Fischel T, Weizman A, Valevski A. Predictors of clozapine discontinuation in patients with schizophrenia. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2011;26:311-315.
22. Kelly DL, Dixon LB, Kreyenbuhl JA et al. Clozapine utilization and outcomes by race in a public mental health system: 1994-2000. J Clin Psychiatry 2006;67:1404-1411.
23. Moeller FG, Chen YW, Steinberg JL et al. Risk factors for clozapine discontinuation among 805 patients in the VA hospital system. Ann Clin Psychiatry 1995;7:167-173.
24. Laker MK, Duffett RS, Cookson JC. Long-term outcome with clozapine: comparison of patients continuing and discontinuing treatment. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1998;13:75-78.
25. Clozapine Patient Management Protocol (CPMP). [VHA Handbook 1160.02]. Washington, DC: Department of Veterans Affairs Veterans Health Administration, 2008.
26. Overall JE, Gorham DR. The brief psychiatric rating scale. Psychol Rep 1962;10:799-812.
27. Guy W. ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology - Revised (DHEW Publ No ADM 76-338). Rockville, MD: US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1962.
28. Ciudad A, Haro JM, Alonso J et al. The Schizophrenia Outpatient Health Outcomes (SOHO) study: 3-year results of antipsychotic treatment discontinuation and related clinical factors in Spain. Eur Psychiatry 2008;23:1-7.
29. Taylor M, Shajahan P, Lawrie SM. Comparing the use and discontinuation of antipsychotics in clinical practice: an observational study. J Clin Psychiatry 2008;69:240-245.
30. Hodgson R, Belgamwar R, Al Tawarah Y, Mackenzie G. The use of atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia in North Staffordshire. Hum Psychopharmacol 2005;20:141-147.
31. Haro JM, Novick D, Belger M, Jones PB. Antipsychotic type and correlates of antipsychotic treatment discontinuation in the outpatient treatment of schizophrenia. Eur Psychiatry 2006;21:41-47.
32. Lieberman JA, Stroup TS, McEvoy JP et al. Effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs in patients with chronic schizophrenia. N Engl J Med 2005;353:1209-1223.
33. Leucht S, Tardy M, Komossa K, Heres S, Kissling W, Davis JM. Maintenance treatment with antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012;5:CD008016.
34. Kahn RS, Fleischhacker WW, Boter H et al. Effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs in first-episode schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder: an open randomised clinical trial. Lancet 2008;371:1085-1097.
35. Szymanski SR, Cannon TD, Gallacher F, Erwin RJ, Gur RE. Course of treatment response in first-episode and chronic schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1996;153:519-525.
36. Rascati KL, Rascati EJ. Use of clozapine in Texas state mental health facilities. Am J Hosp Pharm 1993;50:1663-1666.
37. National Center for Veterans Analysis and Statistics. Veteran Population. http://www.va.gov/vetdata/Veteran_Population.asp. United States Department of Veterans Affairs, 2012.
38. Opolka JL, Rascati KL, Brown CM, Gibson PJ. Role of ethnicity in predicting antipsychotic medication adherence. Ann Pharmacother 2003;37:625-630.
39. Valenstein M, Blow FC, Copeland LA et al. Poor antipsychotic adherence among patients with schizophrenia: medication and patient factors. Schizophr Bull 2004;30:255-264.
40. Clozapine Study Group. The safety and efficacy of clozapine in severe treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients in the UK. Br J Psychiatry 1993;163:150-154.
41. Pai NB, Vella SC. Reason for clozapine cessation. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2012;125:39-44.
42. Atkinson JM, Douglas-Hall P, Fischetti C, Sparshatt A, Taylor DM. Outcome following clozapine discontinuation: a retrospective analysis. J Clin Psychiatry 2007;68:1027-1030.
43. Seabourne A, Thomas CS. The use of clozapine in South Manchester. Psychiatric Bull 1994;18:618-619.
44. Chow EW, Collins EJ, Nuttall SE, Bassett AS. Clinical use of clozapine in a major urban setting: one year experience. J Psychiatry Neurosci 1995;20:133-140.
45. Ciapparelli A, Dell'osso L, Bandettini DP et al. Clozapine in treatment-resistant patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or psychotic bipolar disorder: a naturalistic 48-month follow-up study. J Clin Psychiatry 2003;64:451-458.
46. Hudson TJ, Owen RR, Thrush CR et al. A pilot study of barriers to medication adherence in schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry 2004;65:211-216.
47. Taylor DM, Douglas-Hall P, Olofinjana B, Whiskey E, Thomas A. Reasons for discontinuing clozapine: matched, case-control comparison with risperidone long-acting injection. Br J Psychiatry 2009;194:165-167.
48. Whiskey E, Wykes T, Duncan-Mcconnell D, Haworth E, Walsh N, Hastilow S. Continuation of clozapine treatment: practice makes perfect. Psychiat Bull 2003;27:211-213.
49. Rosenheck R, Cramer J, Xu W et al. A comparison of clozapine and haloperidol in hospitalized patients with refractory schizophrenia. Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Group on Clozapine in Refractory Schizophrenia. N Engl J Med 1997;337:809-815.
50. Breier A, Buchanan RW, Kirkpatrick B et al. Effects of clozapine on positive and negative symptoms in outpatients with schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1994;151:20-26.
51. Lieberman JA, Safferman AZ, Pollack S et al. Clinical effects of clozapine in chronic schizophrenia: response to treatment and predictors of outcome. Am J Psychiatry 1994;151:1744-1752.
52. Pickar D, Owen RR, Litman RE, Konicki E, Gutierrez R, Rapaport MH. Clinical and biologic response to clozapine in patients with schizophrenia. Crossover comparison with fluphenazine. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992;49:345-353.
53. Tiihonen J, Lonnqvist J, Wahlbeck K et al. 11-year follow-up of mortality in patients with schizophrenia: a population-based cohort study (FIN11 study). Lancet 2009;374:620-627.
54. Nielsen J, Damkier P, Lublin H, Taylor D. Optimizing clozapine treatment. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2011;123:411-422.
55. Young CR, Bowers MB Jr, MAZURE CM. Management of the adverse effects of clozapine. Schizophr Bull 1998;24:381-390.
56. Fan X, Borba CP, Copeland P et al. Metabolic effects of adjunctive aripiprazole in clozapine-treated patients with schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2013;127:217-226.
57. Daumit GL, Dickerson FB, Wang NY et al. A behavioral weight-loss intervention in persons with serious mental illness. N Engl J Med 2013;368:1594-1602.
58. Nielsen J, Correll CU, Manu P, Kane JM. Termination of clozapine treatment due to medical reasons: when is it warranted and how can it be avoided? J Clin Psychiatry 2013;74:603-613.