A short history of vaccination

Vaccines: Sixth Edition

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 1-13

  Plotkin, Susan L ^a   Plotkin, Stanley A ^b,c  

^a University of Pennsylvania ^*

^b UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

^c WISTAR INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84902052249     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-1-4557-0090-5.00017-3     Document Type: Chapter

References (392)

1. The History of VACCINES. A project of The College of Physicians of Philadelphia,; [accessed 22.04.12]. http://www.historyofvaccines.org.
2. History of Vaccine Development 2011, Springer, New York, NY. S.A. Plotkin (Ed.).
3. Offit P.A. Vaccinated: One Man's Quest to Defeat the World's Deadliest Diseases 2007, HarperCollins, New York, NY.
4. Oldstone M.B.A. Viruses, Plagues, and History 1998, Oxford University Press, Oxford, England.
5. Plotkin S.A., Plotkin S.L. The development of vaccines: how the past led to the future. Nat Rev Microbiol 2011, 9:889-893.
6. Parish H.J. A History of Immunization 1965, E & S Livingstone, London, England.
7. Bazin H. L'Histoire des vaccinations 2008, John Libbey Eurotext, Montrouge, France.
8. Geison G.L. The Private Science of Louis Pasteur 1995, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
9. Linton D.S. Emil Von Behring: Infectious Disease, Immunology, Serum Therapy 2005, American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, PA.
10. Microbe Hunters Then and Now 1996, Med-Ed Press, Bloomington, IL. H. Koprowski, M.B.A. Oldstone (Eds.).
11. Global Commission for the Certification of Smallpox Eradication The Achievement of the Global Eradication of Smallpox 1979, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
12. The History of VACCINES. A project of The College of Physicians of Philadelphia,; [accessed 22.04.12]. http://www.historyofvaccines.org.
13. History of Vaccine Development 2011, Springer, New York, NY. S.A. Plotkin (Ed.).
14. Offit P.A. Vaccinated: One Man's Quest to Defeat the World's Deadliest Diseases 2007, HarperCollins, New York, NY.
15. Oldstone M.B.A. Viruses, Plagues, and History 1998, Oxford University Press, Oxford, England.
16. Plotkin S.A., Plotkin S.L. The development of vaccines: how the past led to the future. Nat Rev Microbiol 2011, 9:889-893.
17. The Buddhist Tradition in India, China and Japan 1972, Vintage Books, New York, NY. W.T. deBary (Ed.).
18. Hume E.H. The Chinese Way in Medicine 1940, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD.
19. Wong K.C., Wu L.T. History of Chinese Medicine 1932, Tientsin Press, Tientsin, China.
20. Huard P.A., Wong K. Chinese Medicine 1968, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
21. Leung A.K. Variolation and vaccination in late imperial China, ca 1570-1911. History of Vaccine Development 2011, 5-12. Springer, New York, NY. S.A. Plotkin (Ed.).
22. Major R.H. A History of Medicine 1954, Charles C Thomas, Springfield, IL.
23. Diary of Lady Montagu,; [accessed 12.04.12]. https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1794/765/montagu.pdf?sequence=1.
24. Parish H.J. A History of Immunization 1965, E & S Livingstone, London, England.
25. Riedel S. Edward Jenner and the history of smallpox and vaccination. Baylor Univ Med Center Proc 2005, 18:21-25.
26. Sherman I.W. The Power of Plagues 2006, ASM Press, Washington, DC.
27. Langer W.L. Immunization against smallpox before Jenner. Sci Am 1976, 234:112-117.
28. Bartholin T. De Medicina Danorum Domestica Dissertationes X. "De Erroribus Danorum in Medicina & Diaeta, Dissertatio Nona, pp 422-23." Hafniae 1666 (Ten Papers on Medical Practice in Denmark. "Paper 9: Concerning the Danes' mistakes in medical practice and habits." Copenhagen, Denmark: 1666).
29. Bartholin T. De transplantatione Morborum. Dissertatio Epistolica 1673, 5. Hafniae, (Concerning transferral of diseases. Letter to a Danish doctor named Herman Grube. Copenhagen, Denmark: 1673, 5).
30. Zielonka J.S. Inoculation: pro and con. J Hist Med Allied Sci 1972, 27:447.
31. Bazin H. L'Histoire des vaccinations. Montrouge 2008, John Libbey Eurotext, France.
32. Fitz R.H. Zabdiel Boyleston, inoculator and the epidemic of smallpox in Boston in 1721. Johns Hopkins Bull 1911, 22:315-327.
33. Fenn E.A. Pox Americana: The Great Smallpox Epidemic of 1775-82 2001, Hill and Wang, New York, NY.
34. Huygelen C. The long prehistory of modern measles vaccination. History of Vaccine Development 2011, 189-197. Springer, New York, NY. S.A. Plotkin (Ed.).
35. Plotkin S.A. Vaccination against measles in the 18th century. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 1967, 6:312-315.
36. Enders J.F. Francis Home and his experimental approach to medicine. Bull Hist Med 1964, 38:101-112.
37. Pead P.J. Benjamin Jesty: new light in the dawn of vaccination. Lancet 2003, 362:2104-2109.
38. Pead P.J. Vaccination Rediscovered. New Light in the Dawn of Man's Quest for Immunity 2006, Timefile Books, Chichester, England.
39. Pead P.J. Benjamin Jesty. Dorset's Vaccination Pioneer 2009, Timefile Books, Chichester, England.
40. Jenner E. An Inquiry into the Causes and Effects of the Variolae Vaccinae 1798, Low, London, England.
41. Baxby D. Edward Jenner's Inquiry after 200 years. BMJ 1999, 318:390.
42. Gubser C., Hué S., Kellam P., et al. Poxvirus genomes: a phylogenetic analysis. J Gen Virol 2004, 85:105-117.
43. Copeman S.M. The natural history of vaccinia. Milroy Lecture 1. Lancet 1898, 1:1237-1243.
44. Copeman S.M. The natural history of vaccinia. Milroy Lecture 2. Lancet 1898, 1:1303-1310.
45. Copeman S.M. The natural history of vaccinia. Milroy Lecture 3. Lancet 1898, 1:1375-1382.
46. Tulman E.R., Delhon G., Afonso C.L., et al. Genome of horsepox virus. J Virol 2006, 80:9244-9258.
47. Ballard E. On Vaccination. Its Value and Alleged Dangers 1868, Longmans, London, England.
48. Dudgeon J.A. Development of smallpox vaccine in England in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Br Med J 1963, 1:1367-1372.
49. Copeman S.M. Vaccination, Its Natural History and Pathology 1899, Macmillan, London, England.
50. DuMesnil O. Nécessité de la révaccination des ouvriers venants prendre du travail à Paris. Ann Hyg Paris 1879, 3(Suppl. 1):444.
51. Pasteur L. De l'atténuation du virus du choléra des poules. C R Acad Sci Paris 1880, 91:673-680.
52. Koch R. The aetiology of anthrax based on the ontogeny of the anthrax bacillus. Med Classics 1937, 2:787. (Original publication: Beitr Biol Pflanz 2:277, 1877).
53. Davaine C. Researches into infusoria of the blood in the disease known as sang de rate. Louis Pasteur: A Master of Scientific Enquiry 1961, 172-178. Hutchinson, London, England. J. Nicolle (Ed.).
54. Besredka A. 1927, Local Immunisation [Plotz H, English Trans.], Baillière, London, England.
55. Toussaint H. Sur quelques points relatifs à l'immunité charbonneuse. C R Acad Sci Paris 1881, 93:163.
56. Chevallier-Jussiau N. Henry Toussaint et Louis Pasteur: une rivalité pour un vaccin. Hist des Science Médicales January-March 2010, 55-64.
57. Toussaint H. De l'immunité pour le charbon acquise à la suite d'inoculations preventives. C R Acad Sci 12 juillet 1880.
58. Toussaint H. Sur un procédé pour la vaccination du mouton et du jeune chien contre le charbon. C R Acad Sci 2 août 1880.
59. Toussaint H. Mémoire sur l'immunité pour le charbon à la suite d'inoculations préventives. Revue Véterinaire 2 ème serie 1883, 207-216. tome III, 256-65, 297-309.
60. Pasteur L., Chamberland C.-E., Roux E. Sur la vaccination charbonneuse. C R Acad Sci Paris 1881, 92:1378-1383.
61. Cadeddu A. Pasteur et le choléra des Poules: révision critique d'un récit historique. Hist Phil Life Sci 1985, 7:87-104.
62. Geison G.L. The Private Science of Louis Pasteur 1995, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
63. Cadeddu A. Pasteur et la vaccination contre le charbon: une analyse historique et critique. Hist Phil Life Sci 1987, 9:255-276.
64. Pasteur L. Méthode pour prévenir la rage après morsure. C R Acad Sci Paris 1885, 101:765-772.
65. Williams G. Virus Hunters 1960, Hutchinson, London, England.
66. Gelfand T. 11 January 1887, the Day Medicine Changed: Joseph Grancher's Defense of Pasteur's Treatment for Rabies. Bull Hist Med 2002, 76:698-718.
67. Salmon D.E., Smith T. On a new method of producing immunity from contagious diseases. Am Vet Rev 1886, 10:63-69.
68. Salmon D.E. The theory of immunity from contagious diseases. Proc Am Assoc Adv Sci 1886, 35:262-266.
69. Chase A. Magic Shots: A Human and Scientific Account of the Long and Continuing Struggle to Eradicate Infectious Diseases by Vaccination 1982, William Morrow, New York, NY.
70. Salmon D.E. Discovery of the production of immunity from contagious diseases by chemical substances formed during bacterial multiplication. Proc Am Assoc Adv Sci 1888, 37:275-280.
71. Roux E., Chamberland C.-E. Immunité contre la septicémie conferée par des substances solubles. Ann Inst Pasteur (Paris) 1887, 1:561-572.
72. Kolle W., Hetsch H. Experimental bacteriology 1929, Erikson D, transl 7th German ed., Allen and Unwin, London, England. J. Eyre (Ed.).
73. Colebrook L. Almroth Wright: Provocative Doctor and Thinker 1954, Heinemann, London, England.
74. Wright A.E., Semple D. Remarks on vaccination against typhoid fever. Br Med J 1897, 1:256-259.
75. Pfeiffer R., Kolle W. Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Frage der Schutzimpfung des Menschen gegen Typhus abdominalis. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1896, 22:735-737.
76. Sansonetti P.J. Vaccination against typhoid fever: a century of research: end of the beginning or beginning of the end?. History of Vaccine Development 2011, 65-72. Springer, New York, NY. S.A. Plotkin (Ed.).
77. Kitasato S. The bacillus of bubonic plague. Lancet 1894, 2:428-430.
78. Yersin A. La peste bubonique à Hong Kong. Ann Inst Pasteur (Paris) 1894, 8:662-667.
79. Yersin A., Calmette A., Borrel A. La peste bubonique: deuxième note. Ann Inst Pasteur (Paris) 1895, 9:589-592.
80. Haffkine W.M. Remarks on the plague prophylactic fluid. Br Med J 1897, 1:1461.
81. Haffkine W.M. Protective inoculation against plague and cholera [editorial]. Br Med J 1899, 1:35-36.
82. Löwy I. Producing a trustworthy knowledge: early field trials of anticholera vaccines in India. Vaccinia, Vaccination, Vaccinology: Jenner, Pasteur and Their Successors 1996, 121-126. Elsevier, Paris, France. S.A. Plotkin, B. Fantini (Eds.).
83. Snow J. Snow on Cholera; Being a Reprint of Two Papers, Together With a Bibliographic Memoir by B. W. Richardson 1936, Commonwealth Fund, New York, NY.
84. Der K.och R. Seitens des Dr. Koch an den Staatssecretari des Innern Herrn Staatsminster von Boetticher Excellenz erstettete Bericht von Alexandrie, 17 September 1883. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1883, 9(615):743-744.
85. Kolle W. Zur aktiven Immunisierung der Menschen gegen Cholera. Zentralbl Bakteriol Abt Jena 1896, 19:97-104.
86. Kolle W. Die aktive Immunisierung der Menschen gegen Cholera, nach Haffkine's Verfahren in Indien ausgefuhrt. Zentralbl Bakteriol Abt Jena 1896, 19:217-221.
87. Metchnikoff E. 1905, Immunity in the Infective Diseases [English Trans.], Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England.
88. Roux E., Yersin A. Contribution à l'étude de la diphtérie. Ann Inst Pasteur (Paris) 1888, 2:629-661.
89. von Behring E., Kitasato S. Über das Zustandekommen der Diphtherie-Immunität und der Tetanus-Immunität bie Tieren. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1890, 16:1113-1114.
90. von Behring E. Untersuchungen über das Zustandekommen der Diphtherie-Immunität bei Tieren. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1890, 16:1145-1148.
91. Linton D.S. Emil Von Behring: Infectious Disease, Immunology, Serum Therapy 2005, American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, PA.
92. Lindemann J. Origin of the terms "antibody" and "antigen". Scand J Immunol 1984, 19:281-285.
93. Ehrlich P. Die Werthbemessung des diphtherie Heil-serum und deren theoretische Grundlagen. Klin Jahrb Jena 1897, 6:299-326.
94. Ehrlich P. On immunity with special reference to cell life [from Proc R Soc, 1900]. The Collected Papers of Paul Ehrlich 1957, vol. 2:178-195. Pergamon Press, London, England.
95. Fleming A., Petrie G.F. Recent Advances in Vaccine and Serum Therapy 1934, Blakiston, Philadelphia, PA.
96. Levine M.M. Typhoid fever vaccines. Vaccines 2008, 887-914. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA. 5th ed. S.A. Plotkin, W.A. Orenstein, P.A. Offit (Eds.).
97. Galambos L., Sewell J.E. Networks of Innovation: Vaccine Development at Merck, Sharp & Dohme, and Mulford, 1895-1995 1995, Cambridge University Press, New York, NY.
98. HK Mulford Co Catalog Describing the production of Bacterins (Bacterial Vaccines), Tuberculins, Antitoxins, Curative Sera, Smallpox Vaccine, etc 1908, HK Mulford Co, Philadelphia, PA.
99. Smith T. Degree and duration of passive immunity to diphtheria toxin transmitted by immunized female guinea-pigs to their immediate offspring. J Med Res 1907, 16:359-379.
100. Glenny A.T., Hopkins B.E. Diphtheria toxoid as an immunising agent. Br J Exp Pathol 1923, 4:283-288.
101. Ramon G. Sur le pouvoir floculant et sur les propriétés immunisantes d'une toxine diphtérique rendue anatoxique (anatoxine). C R Acad Sci Paris 1923, 177:1338-1340.
102. Ramon G., Zoeller C. De la valeur antigénique de l'anatoxine tétanique chez l'homme. C R Acad Sci Paris 1926, 182:245-247.
103. Ramon G., Zoeller C. L'anatoxine tétanique et l'immunisation active de l'homme vis-à-vis du tétanos. Ann Inst Pasteur (Paris) 1927, 41:803-833.
104. Calmette A., Guérin C. Origine intestinale de la tuberculose pulmonaire et mécanism de l'infection tuberculose: 2ème et 3ème memoires. Ann Inst Pasteur (Paris) 1906, 20:353-363. 609-24.
105. Calmette A., Guérin C., Breton M. Contribution à l'étude de la tuberculose expérimentale du cobaye (infection et essais de vaccination par la voie digestive). Ann Inst Pasteur (Paris) 1907, 21:401-416.
106. Calmette A., Guérin C. Contribution à l'étude de l'immunité antituberculose chez les bovidés. Ann Inst Pasteur (Paris) 1914, 28:329-337.
107. Calmette A. La Vaccination Préventive Contre la Tuberculose par le B.C.G 1927, Masson, Paris, France.
108. Calmette A. L'Infection Bacillaire et la Tuberculose 1936, Masson, Paris, France. 4th ed.
109. Smith K.C., Starke J.R. Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine. Vaccines 2004, 179-209. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA. 4th ed. S.A. Plotkin, W.A. Orenstein (Eds.).
110. Woodruff A.M., Goodpasture E.W. The susceptibility of the chorio-allantoic membrane of chick embryos to infection with the fowl-pox virus. Am J Pathol 1931, 7:209-222.
111. Wilkinson L. The development of the virus concept as reflected in corpora of studies on individual pathogens, 5: smallpox and the evolution of ideas on acute (viral) infections. Med Hist 1979, 23:1-28.
112. Warren A.J. Landmarks in the conquest of yellow fever. Yellow Fever 1951, 5-37. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY. G. Strode (Ed.).
113. Stokes A., Bauer J.H., Hudson N.P. Transmission of yellow fever to Macacus rhesus, preliminary note. J Am Med Assoc 1928, 90:253-254.
114. Sawyer W.A., Lloyd W.D.M., Kitchen S.F. Preservation of yellow fever virus. J Exp Med 1929, 50:1-13.
115. Mathis C., Sellards A.W., Laigret J. Sensibilité du Macacus rhesus au virus de la fièvre jaune. C R Acad Sci Paris 1928, 186:604-606.
116. Monath T.P. Yellow fever vaccines: the success of empiricism, pitfalls of application, and transition to molecular vaccinology. History of Vaccine Development 2011, 109-135. Springer, New York, NY. S.A. Plotkin (Ed.).
117. Bazin H. Yellow fever vaccine. Vaccination: A History: From Lady Montagu to Genetic Engineering 2011, 407-454. John Libbey Eurotext Ltd, Esher, England. H. Bazin (Ed.).
118. Theiler M. Susceptibility of white mice to virus of yellow fever. Science 1930, 71:367.
119. Lloyd W., Penna H.A., Mahaffy A.F. Yellow fever virus encephalitis in rodents. Am J Hyg 1933, 18:323-344.
120. Sawyer W.A., Kitchen S.F., Lloyd W. Vaccination of humans against yellow fever with immune serum and virus fixed for mice. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1931, 29:62-64.
121. Sellards A.W., Laigret J. Vaccination de l'homme contre la fièvre jaune. C R Acad Sci Paris 1932, 194:1609-1611.
122. Theiler M., Smith H.H. The use of yellow fever virus by in cultivation for human immunization. J Exp Med 1937, 65:787-800.
123. Lloyd W., Theiler M., Ricci N.I. Modification of virulence of yellow fever virus by cultivation in tissues in vitro. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1936, 29:481-529.
124. Theiler M., Smith H.H. Effect of prolonged cultivation in upon pathogenicity of yellow fever virus. J Exp Med 1937, 65:767-786.
125. Smith W., Andrewes C.H., Laidlaw P.P. A virus obtained from influenza patients. Lancet 1933, 2:66-68.
126. Van Epps H.L. Influenza: exposing the true killer. J Exp Med 2006, 203:803.
127. Shope R.E. Swine influenza, III: filtration experiments and etiology. J Exp Med 1931, 54:373-385.
128. Horsfall F.L., Lennette E.H., Rickard E.R., et al. Studies on the efficacy of a complex vaccine against influenza A. Public Health Rep 1941, 56:1863-1875.
129. Chenoweth A., Waltz A.D., Stokes J., et al. Active immunization with the viruses of human and swine influenza. Am J Dis Child 1936, 52:757.
130. Kilbourne E.D. A race with evolution: a history of influenza vaccines. History of Vaccine Development 2011, 137-144. Springer, New York, NY. S.A. Plotkin (Ed.).
131. Smith W. The complement-fixation reaction in influenza. Lancet 1936, 2:1256-1259.
132. Francis T., Magill T.P. Vaccination of human subjects with virus of human influenza. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1936, 33:604-606.
133. Francis T., Magill T.P. The antibody response of human subjects vaccinated with the virus of human influenza. J Exp Med 1937, 65:251-259.
134. Smorodintsev A.A., Tushinsky M.D., Drobyshevskaya A.I., et al. Investigation on volunteers infected with the influenza virus. Am J Med Sci 1937, 194:159-170.
135. Kilbourne E.D. A history of influenza virology. Microbe Hunters: Then and Now 1996, 187-204. Medi-Ed Press, Bloomington, IL. H. Koprowski, M.B.A. Oldstone (Eds.).
136. Burnet F.M., Bull D.R. Changes in influenza virus associated with adaptation to passage in chick embryos. Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci 1943, 21:55-69.
137. Beare A.S., Bynoe M.L., Tyrrell D.A.J. Investigation into the attenuation of influenza viruses by serial passage. Br Med J 1968, 4:482.
138. Van Helvoort T. A Comment on the early influenza virus vaccines: the role of the concept of virus. Vaccinia, Vaccination, Vaccinology: Jenner, Pasteur and their Successors 1996, 193-197. Elsevier, Paris, France. S.A. Plotkin, B. Fantini (Eds.).
139. Belshe R.B., Walker R., Stoddard J.J., et al. Influenza vaccine, live. Vaccines 2008, 291-309. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA. 5th ed. S.A. Plotkin, W.A. Orenstein, P.A. Offit (Eds.).
140. Cox H.R. Use of yolk sac of developing chick embryo as medium for growing rickettsiae of Rocky Mountain spotted fever and typhus groups. Public Health Rep 1938, 53:2241-2247.
141. Weindling P. Victory with vaccines: the problem of typhus vaccines during World War II. Vaccinia, Vaccination, Vaccinology: Jenner, Pasteur and Their Successors 1996, 341-347. Elsevier, Paris, France. S.A. Plotkin, B. Fantini (Eds.).
142. Harden V.K. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever: History of a Twentieth-Century Disease 1990, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD.
143. Bordet J., Gengou O. Le microbe de la coqueluche. Ann Inst Pasteur (Paris) 1906, 20:731-741.
144. Madsen T. Whooping cough: its bacteriology, diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Boston Med Surg J 1925, 192:50-60.
145. Madsen G. Vaccination against whooping cough. JAMA 1933, 101:187-188.
146. Granström M. The history of pertussis vaccination: from whole-cell to subunit vaccines. History of Vaccine Development 2011, 73-82. Springer, New York, NY. S.A. Plotkin (Ed.).
147. Shapiro-Shapin C.G. Pearl Kendrick, Grace Eldering, and the pertussis vaccine. Emerg Infect Dis 2010, 16:1273-1278.
148. Burnette W.N., Mar V.L., Bartley T.D., et al. The molecular engineering of pertussis toxoid. Dev Biol Stand 1991, 73:75-79.
149. Lapin J.H. Whooping Cough 1943, Charles C Thomas, Springfield, IL.
150. Edwards K.M., Decker M.D. Pertussis vaccine. Vaccines 2004, 483. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA. 4th ed. S.A. Plotkin, W.A. Orenstein (Eds.).
151. Enders J.F., Weller T.H., Robbins F.C. Cultivation of the Lansing strain of poliomyelitis virus in cultures of various human embryonic tissues. Science 1949, 109:85-87.
152. Robbins F.C. The History of Polio Vaccine Development. Vaccines 2004, 17-30. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA. 4th ed. S.A. Plotkin, W.A. Orenstein (Eds.).
153. Landsteiner K., Popper E. Mikroscopische Preparate von einem menschlichen und zwei Affenruckenmarken. Klin Wochenschr 1908, 21:1830.
154. Landsteiner K., Popper E. Übertragung der Poliomyelitis acuta auf Affen. Z Immunitaetsforsch. Z Immunitaetsforsch. Exp Ther 1909, 2:377.
155. Offit P.A. The Cutter Incident. How America's First Polio Vaccine led to the Growing Vaccine Crisis 2005, Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.
156. Brodie M., Park W.H. Active immunization against poliomyelitis. Am J Public Health 1936, 26:119-125.
157. Kolmer J.A. Vaccination against acute anterior poliomyelitis. Am J Public Health 1936, 26:126-135.
158. Weller T.H., Robbins F.C., Enders J.F. Cultivation of poliomyelitis virus in cultures of human foreskin and embryonic tissues. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1949, 72:153.
159. Weller T.H., Enders J.F., Robbins F.C., et al. Studies on the cultivation of poliomyelitis viruses in tissue culture, I: the propagation of poliomyelitis viruses in suspended cell cultures of various human tissues. J Immunol 1952, 69:645.
160. Robbins F.C., Weller T.H., Enders J.F. Studies on the cultivation of poliomyelitis viruses in tissue culture, II: the propagation of poliomyelitis viruses in roller-tube cultures of various human tissues. J Immunol 1952, 69:673.
161. Smith W.M., Chambers V.C., Evans C.A. Growth of neurotropic viruses in extraneural tissues: preliminary report on propagation of poliomyelitis virus (Lansing and Hof. strains) in cultures of human testicular tissue. Northwest Med 1950, 49:368.
162. Syverton J.T., Scherer W.F., Butorac G. Propagation of poliomyelitis virus in cultures of monkey and human testicular tissues. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1951, 77:23.
163. Smith W.M., Chambers V.C., Evans C.A. Growth of neurotropic viruses in extraneural tissues, IV: poliomyelitis virus in human testicular tissue in vitro. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1951, 76:696.
164. Koprowski H., Jervis G.A., Norton T.W. Immune responses in human volunteers upon oral administration of a rodent-adapted strain of poliomyelitis virus. Am J Hyg 1952, 55:108-126.
165. Salk J.E., Krech U., Youngner J.S., et al. Formaldehyde treatment and safety testing of experimental poliomyelitis vaccines. Am J Public Health 1954, 44:563-570.
166. Microbe Hunters Then and Now 1996, Med-Ed Press, Bloomington, IL. H. Koprowski, M.B.A. Oldstone (Eds.).
167. Scheele L.A. U.S. Public Health Service Technical Report on Salk Poliomyelitis Vaccine June 1955, Public Health Service, Rockville, MD.
168. Technical report on poliomyelitis vaccine. Public Health Rep 1955, 70:738-751.
169. Sabin A.B., Hennessen W.A., Winsser J. Studies on variants of poliomyelitis virus, I: experimental segregation and properties of avirulent variants of three immunological types. J Exp Med 1954, 99:551-576.
170. Katz S.L., Kempe C.H., Black F.L., et al. Studies on an attenuated measles virus vaccine, VIII: general summary and evaluation of results of vaccine. N Engl J Med 1960, 263:180-184.
171. Hilleman M.R., Buynak E.B., Weibel R.E., et al. Development and evaluation of the Moraten measles virus vaccine. JAMA 1968, 206:587-590.
172. Schwarz A.J.F. Preliminary tests of a highly attenuated measles vaccine. Am J Dis Child 1962, 103:386-389.
173. Hilleman M.R., Buynak E.B., Weibel R.E., et al. Live attenuated mumps-virus vaccine. N Engl J Med 1968, 278:227-232.
174. Meyer H.M., Parkman P.D. Rubella vaccination: a review of practical experience. JAMA 1971, 215:613-619.
175. Prinzie A., Huygelen C., Gold J., et al. Experimental live attenuated rubella virus vaccine: clinical evaluation of Cendehill strain. Am J Dis Child 1969, 118:172-177.
176. Plotkin S.A., Farquhar J.D., Katz M., et al. Attenuation of RA27/3 rubella virus in WI-38 human diploid cells. Am J Dis Child 1969, 118:178-185.
177. de Quadros C., Andrus J.K., Solorzano C.C. Measles and rubella elimination in countries of Latin America and the Caribbean August 26, 2010, Presented at the Pan American Health Organization Symposium on Smallpox Eradication;, Rio de Janiero, Brazil, [accessed 22.04.12]. http://www.sabin.org/files/uploads/Jon%20Andrus.pdf.
178. Rowe W.P., Huebner R.J., Gilmore L.K. Isolation of a cytopathogenic agent from human adenoids undergoing spontaneous degeneration in tissue culture. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1953, 84:570-573.
179. Enders J.F., Bell J.A., Dingle J.H., et al. Adenoviruses: group name proposed for new respiratory-tract viruses. Science 1956, 124:119-120.
180. Rubin B.A., Rorke L.B. Adenovirus vaccines. Vaccines 1988, 492-512. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA. S.A. Plotkin, E.A. Mortimer (Eds.).
181. Top J.H.R. Control of adenovirus acute respiratory disease in U.S. Army trainees. Yale J Biol Med 1975, 48:185-195.
182. Top F.H., Buescher E.L., Bancroft W.H., et al. Immunization with live types 7 and 4 adenovirus vaccines, II: antibody response and protective effect against acute respiratory disease due to adenovirus type 7. J Infect Dis 1971, 124:155-160.
183. Top F.H., Dudding B.A., Russell P.K. Control of respiratory disease in recruits with types 4 and 7 adenovirus vaccines. Am J Epidemiol 1971, 84:141-146.
184. Top F.H., Grossman R.A., Bartelloni P.J. Immunization with live types 7 and 4 adenovirus vaccines, I: safety, infectivity, and potency of adenovirus type 7 vaccine in humans. J Infect Dis 1971, 124:148-154.
185. Couch R.B., Chanock R.M., Cate T.R. Immunization with types 4 and 7 adenovirus by selective infection of the intestinal tract. Am Rev Respir Dis 1963, 88:394-403.
186. Chanock R.M., Ludwig W., Huebner R.J., et al. Immunization by selective infection with type 4 adenovirus grown in human diploid tissue culture, I: safety and lack of oncogenicity and test for potency in volunteers. JAMA 1966, 195:445-452.
187. Fleming-Michael K. Adenovirus vaccine in development [news release]. Army Medicine; [accessed 02.02.05]. http://www.armymedicine.army.mil.
188. Takahashi M., Otsuka T., Okuno Y., et al. Live vaccine used to prevent the spread of varicella in children in hospitals. Lancet 1974, 2:1288-1290.
189. Takahashi M., Okuno Y., Otsuka T., et al. Development of a live attenuated varicella vaccine. Biken J 1975, 18:25-33.
190. Weibel R.E., Neff B.J., Kuter B., et al. Live attenuated varicella virus vaccine efficacy trial in healthy children. N Engl J Med 1984, 310:1409-1415.
191. Arbeter A.M., Starr S.E., Weibel R., et al. Live attenuated varicella vaccine: immunization of healthy children with the OKA strain. J Pediatr 1982, 100:886-893.
192. Krause P., Klinman D.M. Efficacy, immunogenicity, safety, and use of live attenuated chickenpox vaccine. J Pediatr 1995, 127:518-525.
193. Gershon A.A. Live-attenuated varicella vaccine. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2001, 15:65-81.
194. Hambleton S., Gershon A.A. The impact of varicella vaccination in the United States. Semin Pediatr Infect Dis 2005, 16:38-43.
195. Zhou F., Harpaz R., Jumaan A.O., et al. Impact of varicella vaccination on health care utilization. JAMA 2005, 294:797-802.
196. Grose C. Varicella vaccination of children in the United States: assessment after the first decade 1995-2005. J Clin Virol 2005, 33:89-95.
197. Davis M.M. Successes and remaining challenges after 10 years of varicella vaccination in the USA. Expert Rev Vaccines 2006, 5:295-302.
198. Ramet J., Weil-Olivier C., Sedlak W. Is Europe ready to embrace a policy of universal varicella vaccination?. Int J Clin Pract 2005, 59:1326-1333.
199. Mitka M. FDA approves shingles vaccine: herpes zoster vaccine targets older adults. JAMA 2006, 296:157-158.
200. Arvin A.M., Greenberg H.B. New viral vaccines. Virology 2006, 344:240-249.
201. Levin M.J., Smith J.G., Kaufhold R.M., et al. Decline in varicella-zoster virus (VZV)-specific cell-mediated immunity with increasing age and boosting with a high-dose VZV vaccine. J Infect Dis 2003, 188:1336-1344.
202. Oxman M.N., Levin M.J., Johnson G.R., et al. A vaccine to prevent herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in older adults. N Engl J Med 2005, 352:2271-2284.
203. Gilden D. Efficacy of live zoster vaccine in preventing zoster and postherpetic neuralgia. J Intern Med 2011, 269:496-506. [published online ahead of print February 23, 2011].
204. Weinberg A., Zhang J.H., Oxman M.N., et al. Varicella-zoster virus-specific immune responses to herpes zoster in elderly participants in a trial of a clinically effective zoster vaccine. J Infect Dis 2009, 200:1068-1077.
205. Minor T.E., Dick E.C., Dick R.C., et al. Attenuated influenza A vaccine (Alice) in an adult population: vaccine-related illness, serum and nasal antibody production and intrafamily transmission. J Clin Microbiol 1975, 2:403.
206. Zaky D.A., Douglas R.G., Betts R.F., et al. Safety and efficacy of "Alice" influenza virus vaccine in normal healthy adults. J Infect Dis 1976, 133:669-675.
207. Hall C.B., Douglas R.G., Fralonardo S.A. Live attenuated influenza virus vaccine trial in children. Pediatrics 1975, 56:991-998.
208. Maassab H.F., DeBorde D.C. Development and characterization of cold-adapted viruses for use as live virus vaccines. Vaccine 1985, 3:355-369.
209. Maassab H.F., Herlocker M.L., Bryant M.L. Live influenza virus vaccine. Vaccines 1999, 909-927. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA. 3rd ed. S.A. Plotkin, W.A. Orenstein (Eds.).
210. Abramson J.S. Intranasal, cold-adapted, live, attenuated influenza vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1999, 18:1103-1104.
211. Mendelman P.M., Cordova J., Cho I. Safety, efficacy and effectiveness of the influenza virus vaccine, trivalent, types A and B, live, cold-adapted (CAIV-T) in healthy children and healthy adults. Vaccine 2001, 19:2221-2226.
212. Edwards K.M., Dupont W.D., Westrich M.K., et al. A randomized controlled trial of cold-adapted and inactivated vaccines for the prevention of influenza A disease. J Infect Dis 1994, 169:68-76.
213. Belshe R.B., Mendelman P.M., Treanor J., et al. The efficacy of live attenuated, cold-adapted, trivalent, intranasal influenza virus vaccine in children. N Engl J Med 1998, 338:1405-1412.
214. Piedra P.A., Glezen P. Influenza in children: epidemiology, immunity and vaccines. Semin Pediatr Infect Dis 1991, 2:140-146.
215. Longini I.M., Halloran M.E., Nizam A., et al. Estimation of the efficacy of live, attenuated influenza vaccine from a two-year, multi-center vaccine trial: implications for influenza epidemic control. Vaccine 2000, 18:1902-1909.
216. Belshe R.B., Gruber W.C., Mendelman P.M., et al. Correlates of immune protection induced by live, attenuated, cold-adapted, trivalent, intranasal influenza virus vaccine. J Infect Dis 2000, 181:1133-1137.
217. Belshe R.B. Current status of live attenuated influenza virus vaccine in the US. Virus Res 2004, 103:177-185.
218. Belshe R.B., Nichol K.L., Black S.B., et al. Safety, efficacy and effectiveness of live, attenuated, cold-adapted influenza vaccine in an indicated population aged 4-49 years. Clin Infect Dis 2004, 39:920-927.
219. Rotavirus vaccine for the prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis among children: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep 1999, 48(RR-2):1-20.
220. Midthun K., Greenberg H.B., Hoshino Y., et al. Reassortant rotaviruses as potential live rotavirus vaccine candidates. J Virol 1985, 53:949-954.
221. Clark H.F., Glass R.I., Offit P.A. Rotavirus vaccines. Vaccines 1999, 987-1005. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA. 3rd ed. S.A. Plotkin, W.A. Orenstein (Eds.).
222. Intussusception among recipients of rotavirus vaccine: United States, 1998-1999. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1999, 48:577-581.
223. Barnes G. Intussusception and rotavirus vaccine. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1999, 29:375.
224. Suzuki H., Katsushima N., Konno T. Rotavirus vaccine put on hold. Lancet 1999, 354:1390.
225. Withdrawal of rotavirus vaccine recommendation. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1999, 48:1007.
226. Clark H.F., Furukawa T., Bell L.M., et al. Immune response of infants and children to low-passage bovine rotavirus (strain WC3). Am J Dis Child 1986, 140:350-356.
227. Clark H.F., Borian F.E., Plotkin S.A. Immune protection of infants against rotavirus gastroenteritis by a serotype 1 reassortant of bovine rotavirus WC3. J Infect Dis 1990, 161:1099-1104.
228. Plotkin S.A. New rotavirus vaccines. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2006, 25:575-576.
229. Bernstein D.I., Smith V.E., Sherwood J.R., et al. Safety and immunogenicity of live, attenuated human rotavirus vaccine 89012. Vaccine 1998, 16:381-387.
230. Ruiz-Palacios G.M., Perex-Schael I., Velazquez E.R., et al. Safety and efficacy of an attenuated vaccine against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis. N Engl J Med 2006, 354:11-22.
231. Vesikari R., Karvonen A., Puustinen L., et al. Efficacy of RIX4414 live attenuated human rotavirus vaccine in Finnish infants. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2004, 23:937-943.
232. Clark H.F., Offit P.A., Plotkin S.A., et al. The new pentavalent rotavirus vaccine composed of bovine (strain WC3)-human rotavirus reassortants. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2006, 25:577-583.
233. Vesikari T., Matson D.O., Dennehy P., et al. Safety and efficacy of a pentavalent human-bovine (WC3) reassortant rotavirus vaccine. N Engl J Med 2006, 354:23-33.
234. Jiang V., Jiang B., Tate J., et al. Performance of rotavirus vaccines in developed and developing countries. Hum Vaccin 2010, 6:532-542.
235. World Health Organization Meeting of the immunization Strategic Advisory Group of Experts: April 2009: conclusions and recommendations (rotavirus). Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2009, 84:220-236.
236. Patel M., Shane A.L., Parashar U.D., et al. Oral rotavirus vaccines: how well will they work where they are needed most?. J Infect Dis 2009, 200:39-48.
237. Plotker G.L. Pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RotaTeq): a review of its use in the prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis in Europe. Drugs 2010, 70:1165-1188.
238. Patel M.M., Parashar U.D. Real world impact of rotavirus vaccination. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2011, 30(Suppl. 1):S1-66.
239. Clemens J.D., Shin S., Sah B., et al. Cholera vaccines. Vaccines 2013, 000. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA. 6th ed. S.A. Plotkin, W.A. Orenstein, P.A. Offit (Eds.).
240. World Health Organization Cholera Media centre Fact sheet No. 107, [accessed 22.04.12]. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs107/en/index.html.
241. Trach D.D., Clemens J.D., Ke N.T., et al. Field trial of a locally produced, killed, oral cholera vaccine in Vietnam. Lancet 1997, 349:231-235.
242. Trach D.D., Cam P.D., Ke N.T., et al. Investigations into the safety and immunogenicity of a killed oral cholera vaccine developed in Viet Nam. Bull World Health Organ 2002, 80:2-8.
243. Kaper J.B., Levine M.M. Recombinant attenuated Vibrio cholerae strains used as live oral vaccines. Res Microbiol 1990, 141:901-906.
244. Cryz S.J., Kaper J., Tacket C., et al. Vibrio cholerae CVD103-HgR live oral attenuated vaccine: construction, safety, immunogenicity, excretion and non-target effects. Dev Biol Stand 1995, 84:237-244.
245. Cryz S.J., Levine M.M., Kaper J.B., et al. Randomized double-blind placebo controlled trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the live oral cholera vaccine strain CVD103-HgR in Swiss adults. Vaccine 1990, 8:577-580.
246. Levine M.M. Immunogenicity and efficacy of oral vaccines in developing countries: lessons from a live cholera vaccine. BMC Biol 2010, 8:129.
247. Taylor D.N., Tacket C.O., Losonsky G., et al. Evaluation of a bivalent (CVD 103-HgR/CVD 111) live oral cholera vaccine in adult volunteers from the United States and Peru. Infect Immun 1997, 65:3852-3856.
248. Tacket C.O., Kotloff K.L., Losonsky G., et al. Volunteer studies investigating the safety and efficacy of live oral El Tor Vibrio cholerae O1 vaccine strain CVD 111. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1997, 56:533-537.
249. Levine M.M. Oral vaccines against cholera: lessons from Vietnam and elsewhere. Lancet 1997, 349:220-221.
250. Tacket C.O., Losonsky G., Nataro J.P., et al. Initial clinical studies of CVD112 Vibrio cholerae O139 live oral vaccine: safety and efficacy against experimental challenge. J Infect Dis 1995, 172:883-886.
251. Yugoslav Typhoid Commission A controlled field trial of the effectiveness of acetone-dried and inactivated and heat-phenol-inactivated typhoid vaccines in Yugoslavia. Bull World Health Organ 1964, 30:623-630.
252. Ashcroft M.T., Singh B., Nicholson C.C., et al. A seven-year field trial of two typhoid vaccines in Guyana. Lancet 1967, 2:1056-1059.
253. Polish Typhoid Commission Controlled field trials and laboratory studies on the effectiveness of typhoid vaccines in Poland 1961-64. Bull World Health Organ 1966, 34:211-222.
254. Hejfec L.B., Samin L.V., Lejtman M.Z., et al. A controlled field trial and laboratory study of five typhoid vaccines in the USSR. Bull World Health Organ 1966, 34:321-339.
255. Germanier R., Fürer E. Isolation and characterization of Gal E mutant Ty21a of Salmonella Typhi: a candidate for a live, oral typhoid vaccine. J Infect Dis 1975, 131:553-558.
256. Gilman R.H., Hornick R.B., Woodward W.E., et al. Immunity in typhoid fever: evaluation of Ty21a, an epimeraseless mutant of S. typhi as a live oral vaccine. J Infect Dis 1977, 136:717-723.
257. Wahdan M.H., Sérié C., Cerisier Y., et al. A controlled field trial of live Salmonella Typhi strain Ty21a oral vaccine against typhoid: three-year results. J Infect Dis 1982, 145:292-295.
258. Levine M.M., Black R.E., Ferreccio C., et al. Large-scale field trial of Ty21a live oral typhoid vaccine in enteric-coated capsule formulation. Lancet 1987, 1:1049-1052.
259. Hackett J. Salmonella-based vaccines. Vaccine 1990, 8:5-11.
260. Black R.E. Efficacy of one or two doses of Ty21a Salmonella Typhi vaccine in enteric-coated capsules in a controlled field trial. Vaccine 1990, 8:81-84.
261. Ferreccio C., Levine M., Rodriguez H., et al. Comparative efficacy of two, three and four doses of Ty21a live oral typhoid vaccine in enteric-coated capsules: a field trial in an endemic area. J Infect Dis 1989, 159:766-769.
262. Wiktor T.J., Fernandez M.V., Koprowski H. Cultivation of rabies virus in human diploid cell strain WI-38. J Immunol 1964, 93:353-366.
263. Wiktor T.J., MacFarlane R.I., Reagen K.J., et al. Protection from rabies by vaccinia virus recombinant containing the rabies virus glycoprotein gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1984, 81:7194-7198.
264. Sabin A.B. Encephalitis. Preventive Medicine in WWII 1964, 9-21. Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the Army, Washington, DC, vol 7. J.B. Coates, E.C. Hoff, P.M. Hoff (Eds.).
265. Takaku K., Yamshita T., Osanai T., et al. Japanese encephalitis purified vaccine. Biken J 1968, 11:25-39.
266. Hoke C.H., Nisalak A., Sangawhipa N., et al. Protection against Japanese encephalitis by inactivated vaccines. N Engl J Med 1988, 319:608-614.
267. Poland J.D., Cropp C.B., Craven R.B., et al. Evaluation of the potency and safety of inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine in US inhabitants. J Infect Dis 1990, 161:878-882.
268. Centers for Disease Control Japanese encephalitis with special reference to the low risk for travelers to the 1988 Olympics to be held in Korea 1988, Advisory Memorandum No. 93, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA.
269. Gu P.W., Ding Z.F. Inactivated Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine made from hamster cell culture. Jpn Encephalitis Hemorrhagic Fever Renal Syndrome Bull 1987, 2:15-26.
270. Yu Y.X., Wu P.F., Ao J., et al. Selection of a better immunogenic and highly attenuated live vaccine virus strain of JE, I: some biological characteristics of SA 14-14-2 mutant. Chin J Microbiol Immunol 1981, 1:77-84.
271. Ao J., Yu Y., Tang Y.S., et al. Selection of a better immunogenic and highly attenuated live vaccine strain of Japanese encephalitis, II: safety and immunogenicity of live JBE vaccine SA14-14-2 observed in inoculated children. Chin J Microbiol Immunol 1983, 3:245-248.
272. Xin Y.Y., Ming Z.G., Peng G.Y., et al. Safety of a live-attenuated Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine (SA14-14-2) for children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1988, 39:214-217.
273. Huang C.H. Studies of Japanese encephalitis in China. Adv Virus Res 1982, 27:71-101.
274. Plesner A.M. Allergic reactions to Japanese encephalitis vaccine. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2003, 23:665-697. [published correction appears in Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2004;24:335].
275. Fisher M., Lindsey N., Staples J.E., et al. Japanese encephalitis vaccines: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep 2010, 59(RR-1):27.
276. Duggan S.T., Plosker G.L. Japanese encephalitis vaccine (inactivated, adsorbed) [IXIARO]. Drugs 2009, 69:115-122.
277. Jelinek T. Ixiaro: a new vaccine against Japanese encephalitis. Expert Rev Vaccines 2009, 8:1501-1511.
278. Food and Drug Administration. Product approval information [package insert]. Ixiaro (Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine inactivated). Livingston, UK: Intercell Biomedical. Products/ucm179132.htm; [accessed 22.04.12]. http://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/Approved.
279. Provost P.J., Hilleman M.R. Propagation of human hepatitis A virus in cell culture in. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1979, 160:213-221.
280. Provost P.J., Hughes J.V., Miller W.J., et al. An inactivated hepatitis A vaccine of cell culture origin. J Med Virol 1986, 19:23-31.
281. Wiedermann M., Ambrosch F., Kollaritsch H., et al. Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated hepatitis A candidate vaccine in healthy adult volunteers. Vaccine 1990, 8:581-584.
282. André F.E., D'Hondt E., Delem A.D., et al. Clinical assessment of the safety and efficacy of an inactivated hepatitis-A vaccine: rationale and summary of findings. Vaccine 1992, 10(Suppl. 1):S160-S168.
283. Wasley A., Fiore A., Bell B.P. Hepatitis A in the era of vaccination. Epidemiol Rev 2006, 28:101-111.
284. Prevention of hepatitis A through active or passive immunization: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep 2006, 55(RR-7):1-23.
285. Smorodinstev A.A., Kagan U.V., Levkovich E.N., et al. Experimenteller und epidemiologischer Beitrag zur aktiven Immunisierung gegen die Frülin-Sommer-Zecken-Encephalitis. Arch Gesamte Virusforsch 1941, 3:1.
286. Smorodinstev A.A. Tick-borne spring-summer encephalitis. Prog Med Virol 1958, 1:210-247.
287. Benda R., Danes L. Study of the possibility of preparing a vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis, using tissue culture methods, V: experimental data for the evaluation of the efficiency of formol treated vaccines in laboratory animals. Acta Virol 1961, 5:37.
288. Benda R., Danes L. Evaluation of the immunogenic efficiency of tick-borne encephalitis virus vaccine. Biology of Viruses of the Tick-Borne Encephalitis Complex 1962, 245. Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Prague. H. Libiková (Ed.).
289. Levkovich E.N. Experimental and epidemiological bases of the specific prophylaxis of tick-borne encephalitis. Biology of Viruses of the Tick-Borne Encephalitis Complex 1962, 317. Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Prague. H. Libiková (Ed.).
290. Kunz C. Aktiv und passive Immunoprophylaxe der Frühsommer-Meningoencephalitis (FSME). Arzneimittelforschung 1962, 28:1806.
291. Heinz F.X., Kunz C., Fauma H. Preparation of a highly purified vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis by continuous flow zonal ultra-centrifugation. J Med Virol 1980, 6:213-222.
292. Heinz F.X., Kunz C. Homogeneity of the structural glycoprotein from European isolates of tick-borne encephalitis virus: comparison with other flaviviruses. J Gen Virol 1981, 57:263-274.
293. Heinz F.X., Berger R., Tuma W., et al. A topological and functional model of epitopes on the structural glycoprotein of tick-borne encephalitis virus defined by monoclonal antibodies. Virology 1983, 126:525-537.
294. Stephenson J.R., Lee J.M., Wilton-Smith P.D. Antigenic variation among members of the tick-borne encephalitis complex. J Gen Virol 1984, 65:81-89.
295. Barrett P.N., Schober-Bendixen S., Ehrlich H.J. History of TBE vaccines. Vaccine 2003, 21(Suppl. 1). S1/41-9.
296. Barrett P.N., Dorner F., Plotkin S.A. Tick-borne encephalitis vaccine. Vaccines 1999, 767-780. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA. 3rd ed. S.A. Plotkin, W.A. Orenstein (Eds.).
297. Sato Y., Izumiya K., Sato H., et al. Role of antibody to leukocytosis-promoting factor hemagglutinin and to filamentous hemagglutinin in immunity to pertussis. Infect Immun 1981, 31:1223-1231.
298. Baker J.P. The pertussis vaccine controversy in Great Britain, 1974-1986. Vaccine 2003, 21:4003-4010.
299. Sato Y., Kimura M., Fukimi H. Development of a pertussis component vaccine in Japan. Lancet 1984, 1:122-126.
300. Sato Y., Sato H. Development of acellular pertussis vaccines. Biologicals 1999, 27:61-69.
301. Kimura M., Hikino N. Results with a new DTP vaccine in Japan. Dev Biol Stand 1985, 61:545-561.
302. Edwards K.M., Decker M.D., Mortimer E.A. Pertussis vaccine. Vaccines 1999, 293-344. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA. 3rd ed. S.A. Plotkin, W.A. Orenstein (Eds.).
303. Ivins B.E., Essell J.W., Jemski J., et al. Immunization studies with attenuated strains of Bacillus anthracis. Infect Immun 1986, 52:454-458.
304. Ivins B.E., Welkos S.L. Recent advances in the development of an improved human anthrax vaccine. Eur J Epidemiol 1988, 4:12-19.
305. Little S.F., Knudson G.B. Comparative efficacy of Bacillus anthracis live spore vaccine and protective antigen vaccine against anthrax in the guinea pig. Infect Immun 1986, 63:509-512.
306. Brachman P.S., Gold H., Plotkin S., et al. Field evaluation of a human anthrax vaccine. Am J Public Health 1962, 52:632-645.
307. Plotkin S.A., Brachman P.S., Utell M., et al. An epidemic of inhalation anthrax, the first in the twentieth century. Am J Med 1960, 29:992-1001.
308. Brachman P.S., Friedlander A.M. Anthrax. Vaccines 1999, 629-637. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA. 3rd ed. S.A. Plotkin, W.A. Orenstein (Eds.).
309. Institute of Medicine The Anthrax Vaccine: Is It Safe? Does It Work? 2002, National Academies Press, Washington, DC.
310. Grabenstein J.D., Winkenwerder W. Bioterrorism and compulsory vaccination: United States continues vaccinating to keep troops healthy [letter]. BMJ 2004, 329:977.
311. Artenstein M.S., Gold R., Zimmerly J.G., et al. Prevention of meningococcal disease by group C polysaccharide vaccine. N Engl J Med 1970, 282:417-420.
312. Gotschlich E.C., Liu T.Y., Artenstein M.S. Human immunity to the meningococcus, III: preparation and immunochemical properties of the group A, group B and group C meningococcal polysaccharides. J Exp Med 1969, 129:1349-1365.
313. Lepow M.L., Perkins B.A., Hughes P.A., et al. Meningococcal vaccines. Vaccines 1999, 711-727. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA. 3rd ed. S.A. Plotkin, W.A. Orenstein (Eds.).
314. Goldschneider I., Gotschlich E.C., Artenstein M.S. Human immunity to the meningococcus, I: the role of humoral immunity. J Exp Med 1969, 129:1307-1326.
315. Goldschneider I., Gotschlich E.D., Artenstein M.S. Human immunity to the meningococcus, II: the development of natural immunity. J Exp Med 1969, 129:1327-1348.
316. Gotschlich E.D., Goldschneider I., Artenstein M.S. Human immunity to the meningococcus, V: the effect of immunization with meningococcal group C polysaccharide on the carrier state. J Exp Med 1969, 129:1385-1395.
317. Richmond P., Kaczmarski E., Borrow R., et al. Meningococcal C polysaccharide vaccine induces immunologic hyporesponsiveness in adults that is overcome by meningococcal C conjugate vaccine. J Infect Dis 2000, 181:761-762.
318. Choo S., Zuckerman J., Goilav C., et al. Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a group C meningococcal conjugate vaccine compared with a group A+C meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine in adolescents in a randomised observer-blind controlled trial. Vaccine 2000, 18:2686-2692.
319. Austrian R., Douglas R.M., Schiffman G., et al. Prevention of pneumococcal pneumonia by vaccination. Trans Assoc Am Physicians 1976, 89:184-192.
320. Fedson D.S., Musher D.M., Eskola J. Pneumococcal vaccine. Vaccines 1999, 553-607. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA. 3rd ed. S.A. Plotkin, W.A. Orenstein (Eds.).
321. Austrian R. Bacterial polysaccharide vaccines. History of Vaccine Development 2011, 83-90. Springer, New York, NY. S.A. Plotkin (Ed.).
322. Wright A.E., Parry Morgan W., Colebrook L., et al. Observations on prophylactic inoculation against pneumococcus infections and on the results which have been achieved by it. Lancet 1914, 1(1-10):87-95.
323. Maynard G.D. Memorandum on Rand Mines pneumococcic vaccine experiment. Med J S Afr 1913, 9:91-95.
324. McCarty M. A retrospective look: how we identified the pneumococcal transforming substance as DNA. J Exp Med 1994, 179:385-394.
325. Lederberg J. The transformation of genetics by DNA: an anniversary celebration of Avery, MacLeod and McCarty (1944). Genetics 1994, 136:423-426.
326. Avery O.T., MacLeod C.M., McCarty M. Studies on the chemical nature of the substance inducing transformation of pneumococcal types: induction of transformation by a desoxyribonucleic acid fraction isolated from pneumococcus type III [re-publication of a 1944 paper]. Mol Med 1995, 1:344-365.
327. Austrian R., Gold J. Pneumococcal bacteremia with special reference to bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia. Ann Intern Med 1964, 60:759-776.
328. Landy J. Studies of Vi antigen, VI: immunization of human beings with purified Vi antigen. Am J Hyg 1954, 50:52-62.
329. Landy M., Gaines S., Seal J.P., et al. Antibody responses of man to three types of antityphoid immunizing agents. Am J Public Health 1954, 44:1572-1579.
330. Webster M.E., Landy M., Freeman M.E. Studies on Vi antigen, II: purification of Vi antigen from Escherichia coli 5396/38. J Immunol 1952, 69:135-142.
331. Wong K.H., Feeley J.C., Northrup R.S., et al. Vi antigen from Salmonella typhosa and immunity against typhoid fever, I: isolation and immunologic properties in animals. Infect Immun 1974, 9:348-353.
332. Robbins J.D., Robbins J.B. Reexamination of the protective role of the capsular polysaccharide Vi antigen of Salmonella Typhi. J Infect Dis 1984, 150:436-439.
333. Anderson P., Peter G., Johnston R.B., et al. Immunization of humans with polyribophosphate, the capsular antigen of Haemophilus influenzae type b. J Clin Invest 1972, 51:39-44.
334. Schneerson R., Rodrigues L.P., Parke J.C., et al. Immunity to disease caused by H. influenzae type b, II: specificity and some biologic characteristics of "natural," infection-acquired, and immunization-induced antibodies to the capsular polysaccharide of H. influenzae type b. J Immunol 1971, 107:1081-1089.
335. Robbins J.B., Schneerson R., Pittman M. Haemophilus influenzae type b infections. Bacterial Vaccines 1984, 289-316. Academic Press, Orlando, FL. R. Germanier (Ed.).
336. Peltola H., Kayhty H., Sivonen A., et al. Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide vaccine in children: a double-blind field study of 100,000 vaccinees 3 months to 5 years of age in Finland. Pediatrics 1977, 60:730-737.
337. Peltola H., Kayhty H., Virtanen M., et al. Prevention of Haemophilus influenzae type b bacteremic infections with the capsular polysaccharide vaccine. N Engl J Med 1984, 310:1561-1566.
338. Parke J.C., Schneerson R., Robbins J.B., et al. Interim report of a controlled field trial of immunization with capsular polysaccharides of Haemophilus influenzae type b and group C Neisseria meningitidis in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina (March 1974-March 1976). J Infect Dis 1977, 136(Suppl):S51-S57.
339. Ward J. Prevention of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease: lessons from vaccine efficacy trials. Vaccine 1991, 9(Suppl):S17-S24.
340. Avery O.T., Goebel W.F. Chemical-immunological studies on conjugated carbohydrate-proteins, II: immunological specificity of synthetic sugar-protein antigens. J Exp Med 1929, 50:533-542.
341. Goebel W.F. Studies on antibacterial immunity induced by artificial antigens, I: immunity to experimental pneumococcal infection with an antigen containing cellobiuronic acid. J Exp Med 1939, 69:353-364.
342. Schneerson R., Barrera O., Sutton A., et al. Preparation, characterization and immunogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide-protein conjugates. J Exp Med 1980, 152:361-376.
343. Lakshman R., Jones I., Walker D., et al. Safety of a new conjugate meningococcal C vaccine in infants. Arch Dis Child 2001, 85:391-397.
344. Bramley J.C., Hall T., Finn A., et al. Safety and immunogenicity of three lots of meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccine administered at 2, 3, and 4 months of age. Vaccine 2001, 19:2924-2931.
345. English M., MacLennan J.M., Bowen-Morris J.M., et al. A randomised, double-blind, controlled trial of the immunogenicity and tolerability of a meningococcal group C conjugate vaccine in young British infants. Vaccine 2001, 19:1232-1238.
346. Richmond R., Borrow R., Goldblatt D., et al. Ability of 3 different meningococcal C conjugate vaccines to induce immunologic memory after a single dose in UK toddlers. J Infect Dis 2001, 183:160-163.
347. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases Prevention and control of meningococcal disease: recommendations for use of meningococcal vaccines in pediatric patients. Pediatrics 2005, 116:496-505.
348. Menactra: a meningococcal conjugate vaccine. Med Lett Drugs Ther 2005, 47:29-31.
349. Pichichero M.C. Meningococcal conjugate vaccines. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2005, 5:1475-1489.
350. Eskola J., Antilla M. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1999, 18:543-551.
351. Black S.B., Shinefield H.R., Fireman B., et al. Efficacy, safety and immunogenicity of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000, 19:187-195.
352. Klein J.O. The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine arrives: a big win for kids. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000, 19:181-182.
353. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases Policy statement: recommendations for the prevention of pneumococcal infections, including the use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (Prevnar), pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, and antibiotic prophylaxis. Pediatrics 2000, 106:362-366.
354. Overturf G.D. Technical report: prevention of pneumococcal infections, including the use of pneumococcal conjugate and polysaccharide vaccines and antibiotic prophylaxis. Pediatrics 2000, 106:367-376. Committee on Infectious Diseases, for the.
355. Black S.B., Shinefield H.R., Hansen J., et al. Postlicensure evaluation of the effectiveness of seven valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2001, 20:1105-1107.
356. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Licensure of a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) and recommendations for use among children. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2010, 59:258-261.
357. Esposito S., Tansey S., Thompson A., et al. Safety and immunogenicity of a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine compared to those of a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine given as a three-dose series with routine vaccines in healthy infants and toddlers. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2010, 17:1017-1026.
358. Prince A.M. An antigen detected in the blood during the incubation period of serum hepatitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1968, 60:814.
359. Krugman S., Giles J.P., Hammond J. Infectious hepatitis: evidence for two distinctive clinical, epidemiological, and immunological types of infection. JAMA 1967, 200:365-373.
360. Krugman S., Giles J.P., Hammond J. Viral hepatitis, type B (MS-2 strain): studies on active immunization. JAMA 1971, 217:41-45.
361. Hilleman M.R., Bertland V.A., Bunyak E.B., et al. Clinical and laboratory studies of HBsAg vaccine. Viral Hepatitis 1978, 525-527. Franklin Institute Press, Philadelphia, PA. G.N. Vyas, S.N. Cohen, R. Schmid (Eds.).
362. Krugman S. The newly licensed hepatitis B vaccine: characteristics and indications for use. JAMA 1982, 247:2012-2015.
363. Valenzuela P., Medina A., Rutter W.J., et al. Synthesis and assembly of hepatitis B virus surface antigen particles in yeast. Nature 1982, 298:347-350.
364. McAleer W.J., Buynak E.B., Maigetter R.Z., et al. Human hepatitis B vaccine from recombinant yeast. Nature 1984, 307:178-180.
365. Skolnick E.M., McLean A.A., West D.J., et al. Clinical evaluation in healthy adults of a hepatitis B vaccine made by recombinant DNA. JAMA 1984, 251:2812-2815.
366. Michel M.-L, Pontisso P., Sobczak E., et al. Synthesis in animal cells of hepatitis B surface antigen particles carrying a receptor for polymerized human serum albumin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1984, 81:7708-7712.
367. Emini E.A., Ellis R.W., Miller W.J., et al. Production and immunological analysis of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. J Infect 1986, 13(Suppl. A):3-9.
368. Scheiermann N., Gesemann M., Mauer C., et al. Persistence of antibodies after immunization with a recombinant yeast-derived hepatitis B vaccine following two different schedules. Vaccine 1990, 8(Suppl):S44-S46.
369. André F.E. Overview of a 5-year clinical experience with a yeast-derived hepatitis B vaccine. Vaccine 1990, 8(Suppl):S74-S78.
370. Poland G.A., Jacobson R.M. The prevention of Lyme disease with vaccine. Vaccine 2001, 19:2303-2308.
371. Evans J., Fikrig E. Lyme disease vaccine. Vaccines 1999, 968-982. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA. 3rd ed. S.A. Plotkin, W.A. Orenstein (Eds.).
372. Rahn D.W. Lyme vaccine: issues and controversies. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2001, 15:171-187.
373. Availability of Lyme disease vaccine. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1999, 48:35-36. 43.
374. Steere A.C., Malawista S.E., Craft J.E., et al. Lyme disease: First International Symposium. Yale J Biol Med 1984, 57:445-713.
375. Burgdorfer W., Barbour A.G., Hayes S.F., et al. Lyme disease-a tick-borne spirochetosis?. Science 1982, 216:1317-1319.
376. Rahn D.W., Malawista S.E. Lyme disease: recommendations for diagnosis and treatment. Ann Intern Med 1991, 114:472-481.
377. Steere A.C., Malawista S.E., Newman J.H., et al. Antibiotic therapy in Lyme disease. Ann Intern Med 1980, 93:108.
378. Steere A.C., Pachner A., Malawista S.E. Successful treatment of neurologic abnormalities of Lyme disease with high-dose intravenous penicillin. Ann Intern Med 1983, 99:767-772.
379. Rahn D.W., Malawista S.E. Treatment of Lyme disease. Yearbook of Medicine 1994, 21-36. CV Mosby, St Louis, MO. D.E. Rogers, R.C. Bone, M.J. Cline (Eds.).
380. Telford S.R., Fikrig E. Progress towards a vaccine for Lyme disease. Clin Immunother 1995, 4:49-60.
381. Hoecke C.V., Comberbach M., De Grave D., et al. Evaluation of the safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of three recombinant outer surface protein (OspA) Lyme vaccines in healthy adults. Vaccine 1996, 14:1620-1626.
382. Hoecke C.V., Lebacq E., Beran J., et al. Alternative vaccination schedules (0, 1, and 6 months versus 0, 1, and 12 months) for a recombinant OspA Lyme disease vaccine. Clin Infect Dis 1994, 28:1260-1264.
383. Sigal L.H., Zahradnik J.M., Levin P., et al. Vaccine consisting of recombinant Borrelia burgdorferi outer-surface protein A to prevent Lyme disease. N Engl J Med 1998, 339:216-222.
384. Steere A.C., Sikand V.K., Meurice F., et al. Vaccination against Lyme disease with recombinant Borrelia burgdorferi outer-surface lipoprotein A with adjuvant. N Engl J Med 1998, 339:209-215.
385. Smith R., Takkinen J. Lyme borreliosis: Europe-wide coordinated surveillance and action needed?. Euro Surveill 2006, 11(25). Editorial team, [accessed 22.04.12]. http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=2977.
386. Plotkin S.A., Wormser G.P. The need for a new Lyme disease vaccine. Clin Infect Dis 2011, 52(Suppl. 3):S247-S275.
387. Zhou J., Sun X.Y., Stenzel D.J., et al. Expression of vaccinia recombinant HPV 16 Li and L2 ORF proteins in epithelial cells is sufficient for assembly of HPV virion-like particles. Virology 1991, 185:251-257.
388. Kirnbauer R., Booy F., Cheng N., et al. Papillomavirus L1 major capsid protein self-assembles into virus-like particles that are highly immunogenic. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1992, 89:12180-12184.
389. Kirnbauer R., Taub J., Greenstone H., et al. Efficient self-assembly of human papillomavirus type 16 L1 and L1-L2 into virus-like particles. J Virol 1993, 67:6929-6936.
390. Rose R.C., Bonnez W., Reichman R.D., et al. Expression of human papillomavirus type 11 L1 protein in insect cells: in and in assembly of viruslike particles. J Virol 1993, 67:1936-1944.
391. Ghim S.J., Jenson A.B., Schlengel R. HPV-1 L1 protein expressed in cos cells displays conformational epitopes found on intact virions. Virology 1992, 190:548-552.
392. McNeil D. Who invented the VLP cervical cancer vaccines?. J Natl Cancer Inst 2006, 98:433.