Pain education to prevent chronic low back pain: A study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

BMJ Open

Volumn 4, Issue 6, 2014, Pages

  Traeger, Adrian C ^a,b   Lorimer Moseley, G ^b,c   Hübscher, Markus ^b   Lee, Hopin ^a,b   Skinner, Ian W ^a,b   Nicholas, Michael K ^d   Henschke, Nicholas ^e   Refshauge, Kathryn M ^d   Blyth, Fiona M ^d   Main, Chris J ^f   Hush, Julia M ^g   Pearce, Garry ^h   McAuley, James H ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

^b NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

^d UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

^e UNIVERSITY OF HEIDELBERG   (Germany)

^f KEELE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^g MACQUARIE UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^h Greenwich Hospital   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ANALGESIA; ARTICLE; ATTITUDE TO ILLNESS; AUSTRALIA; CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS; CONTROLLED STUDY; CONVALESCENCE; DEPRESSION; DISABILITY SEVERITY; DISEASE DURATION; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; HEALTH BELIEF; HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION; HEALTH EDUCATION; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INTERVENTION STUDY; LOW BACK PAIN; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PAIN ASSESSMENT; PAIN EDUCATION; PATIENT EDUCATION; PHYSIOTHERAPIST; PRIMARY MEDICAL CARE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RECURRENCE RISK; METHODOLOGY; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE;

DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; HUMANS; LOW BACK PAIN; PATIENT EDUCATION AS TOPIC; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE; RESEARCH DESIGN;

EID: 84901918258     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20446055     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005505     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Balague F, Mannion AF, Pellise F, et al. Non-specific low back pain. Lancet 2012;379:482-91.
2. Croft C, Blyth FM, van der Windt D. Chronic pain epidemiology: from aetiology to public health. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.
3. Vos T, Flaxman AD, Naghavi M, et al. Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 2012;380:2163-96.
4. Menezes Costa LC, Maher CG, Hancock MJ, et al. The prognosis of acute and persistent low-back pain: a meta-analysis. CMAJ 2012;184:E613-24.
5. Henschke N, Maher CG, Refshauge KM, et al. Prognosis in patients with recent onset low back pain in Australian primary care: inception cohort study. BMJ 2008;337:a171.
6. Hancock MJ, Maher CG, Latimer J, et al. Can rate of recovery be predicted in patients with acute low back pain? Development of a clinical prediction rule. Eur J Pain 2009;13:51-5.
7. Von Korff M, Ormel J, Keefe FJ, et al. Grading the severity of chronic pain. Pain 1992;50:133-49.
8. Machado LA, Maher CG, Herbert RD, et al. The effectiveness of the McKenzie method in addition to first-line care for acute low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Med 2010;8:10.
9. Henschke N, Ostelo RW, van Tulder MW, et al. Behavioural treatment for chronic low-back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010;(7):CD002014.
10. Costa LO, Maher CG, Latimer J, et al. Motor control exercise for chronic low back pain: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Phys Ther 2009;89:1275-86.
11. Macedo LG, Latimer J, Maher CG, et al. Effect of motor control exercises versus graded activity in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. Phys Ther 2012;92:363-77.
12. Walker BF, Muller R, Grant WD. Low back pain in Australian adults: the economic burden. Asia Pac J Public Health 2003;15:79-87. (Pubitemid 38326437)
13. Sahar T, Cohen MJ, Ne'eman V, et al. Insoles for prevention and treatment of back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007;(4):CD005275.
14. George SZ, Fritz JM, Bialosky JE, et al . The effect of a fear-avoidance-based physical therapy intervention for patients with acute low back pain: results of a randomized clinical trial. Spine 2003;28:2551-60. (Pubitemid 37490463)
15. Heymans MW, van Tulder MW, Esmail R, et al. Back schools for non-specific low-back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004;(4):CD000261.
16. Bell JA, Burnett A. Exercise for the primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of low back pain in the workplace: a systematic review. J Occup Rehabil 2009;19:8-24.
17. Choi BK, Verbeek JH, Tam WW, et al. Exercises for prevention of recurrences of low-back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010(1):CD006555.
18. Bigos SJ, Holland J, Holland C, et al . High-quality controlled trials on preventing episodes of back problems: systematic literature review in working-age adults. Spine J 2009;9:147-68.
19. Kent P, Kjaer P. The efficacy of targeted interventions for modifiable psychosocial risk factors of persistent nonspecific low back pain - a systematic review. Man Ther 2012;17:385-401.
20. Costa Lda C, Maher CG, McAuley JH, et al. Prognosis for patients with chronic low back pain: inception cohort study. BMJ 2009;339:b3829.
21. Linton SJ, Nicholas M, MacDonald S. Development of a short form of the Orebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2011;36:1891-5.
22. Hill JC, Dunn KM, Lewis M, et al. A primary care back pain screening tool: identifying patient subgroups for initial treatment. Arthritis Rheum 2008;59:632-41. (Pubitemid 351679537)
23. Hill JC, Whitehurst DG, Lewis M, et al. Comparison of stratified primary care management for low back pain with current best practice (STarT Back): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2011;378:1560-71.
24. Fritz JM, Beneciuk JM, George SZ. Relationship between categorization with the STarT Back Screening Tool and prognosis for people receiving physical therapy for low back pain. Phys Ther 2011;91:722-32.
25. Traeger A, McAuley JH. STarT Back Screening Tool. J Physiother 2013;59:131.
26. Nicholas MK, Linton SJ, Watson PJ, et al. Early identification and management of psychological risk factors ('yellow flags ') in patients with low back pain: a reappraisal. Phys Ther 2011;91:737-53.
27. Koes BW, van Tulder M, Lin CW, et al. An updated overview of clinical guidelines for the management of non-specific low back pain in primary care. Eur Spine J 2010;19:2075-94.
28. Butler DS, Moseley GL. Explain pain. Noigroup Publications, 2003.
29. Moseley GL. Evidence for a direct relationship between cognitive and physical change during an education intervention in people with chronic low back pain. Eur J Pain 2004;8:39-45. (Pubitemid 38090029)
30. Moseley GL, Nicholas MK, Hodges PW. A randomized controlled trial of intensive neurophysiology education in chronic low back pain. Clin J Pain 2004;20:324-30. (Pubitemid 39108845)
31. Moseley L. Unraveling the barriers to reconceptualization of the problem in chronic pain: the actual and perceived ability of patients and health professionals to understand the neurophysiology. J Pain 2003;4:184-9. (Pubitemid 36676950)
32. Ryan CG, Gray HG, Newton M, et al. Pain biology education and exercise classes compared to pain biology education alone for individuals with chronic low back pain: a pilot randomised controlled trial. Man Ther 2010;15:382-7.
33. Meeus M, Nijs J, Van Oosterwijck J, et al. Pain physiology education improves pain beliefs in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome compared with pacing and self-management education: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2010;91:1153-9.
34. Louw A, Diener I, Butler DS, et al. The effect of neuroscience education on pain, disability, anxiety, and stress in chronic musculoskeletal pain. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2011;92:2041-56.
35. Van Oosterwijck J, Meeus M, Paul L, et al. Pain physiology education improves health status and endogenous pain inhibition in fibromyalgia: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Clin J Pain 2013;29:873-82.
36. Van Oosterwijck J, Nijs J, Meeus M, et al. Pain neurophysiology education improves cognitions, pain thresholds, and movement performance in people with chronic whiplash: a pilot study. J Rehabil Res Dev 2011;48:43-58.
37. Stanton TR, Latimer J, Maher CG, et al. A modified Delphi approach to standardize low back pain recurrence terminology. Eur Spine J 2011;20:744-52.
38. Henrotin YE, Cedraschi C, Duplan B, et al. Information and low back pain management: a systematic review. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2006;31:E326-34.
39. Waddell G, Nachemson AL, Phillips RB. The back pain revolution. Churchill Livingstone Edinburgh, 2000.
40. NHMRC. Evidence-based management of acute musculoskeletal pain. Canberra, 2003.
41. Indahl A, Velund L, Reikeraas O. Good prognosis for low back pain when left untampered. A randomized clinical trial. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1995;20:473-7.
42. Gallagher L, McAuley J, Moseley GL. A randomized-controlled trial of using a book of metaphors to reconceptualize pain and decrease catastrophizing in people with chronic pain. Clin J Pain 2013;29:20-5.
43. Moseley G, Butler D, Beames T, et al. The graded motor imagery handbook . Adelaide: NOIgroup Publishing, 2012.
44. Pengel LHM, Refshauge KM, Maher CG, et al. Physiotherapist-directed exercise, advice, or both for subacute low back pain: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2007;146:787-96. (Pubitemid 351650499)
45. Rogers CR. Client-centered therapy: its current practice, implications and theory. Houghton Mifflin Boston, 1951.
46. Roland M, Morris R. A study of the natural history of back pain. Part I: Development of a reliable and sensitive measure of disability in low-back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1983;8:141-4.
47. Lovibond S, Lovibond PF. Manual for the depression anxiety stress scales. Psychology Foundation of Australia, 1996.
48. Sullivan MJ, Bishop SR, Pivik J. The pain catastrophizing scale: development and validation. Psychol Assess 1995;7:524.
49. Devilly GJ, Borkovec TD. Psychometric properties of the credibility/expectancy questionnaire. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2000;31:73-86.
50. Hush JM, Kamper SJ, Stanton TR, et al. Standardized measurement of recovery from nonspecific back pain. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2012;93:849-55.
51. Catley MJ, O 'Connell NE, Moseley GL. How good is the Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire? A Rasch analysis of psychometric properties. J Pain 2013;14:818-27.
52. Jensen MP, Keefe FJ, Lefebvre JC, et al. One- and two-item measures of pain beliefs and coping strategies. Pain 2003;104:453-69. (Pubitemid 37289045)
53. Symonds TL, Burton AK, Tillotson KM, et al. Do attitudes and beliefs influence work loss due to low back trouble? Occup Med (Lond) 1996;46:25-32. (Pubitemid 26071013)
54. Nicholas MK. The pain self-efficacy questionnaire: taking pain into account. Eur J Pain 2007;11:153-63. (Pubitemid 44820893)
55. Miller PM, Kendrick DMD, Bentley EM, et al. Cost-effectiveness of lumbar spine radiography in primary care patients with low back pain. Spine 2002;27:2291-97.
56. Speckens AEM, Spinhoven P, Van Hemert AM, et al. The Reassurance Questionnaire (RQ): psychometric properties of a self-report questionnaire to assess reassurability. Psychol Med 2000;30:841-7. (Pubitemid 30623969)
57. de Vet HC, Heymans MW, Dunn KM, et al. Episodes of low back pain: a proposal for uniform definitions to be used in research. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2002;27:2409-16.
58. Von Korff M, Saunders K. The course of back pain in primary care. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1996;21:2833-7.
59. StataCorp. Stata Statistical Software: Release 13. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP, 2013.