Built to last? Local climate change adaptation and governance in the Caribbean - The case of an informal urban settlement in Trinidad and Tobago

Urban Climate

Volumn 8, Issue , 2014, Pages 138-154

  Middelbeek, Lideke ^a   Kolle, Kaarina ^b   Verrest, Hebe ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Caribbean; Climate change; Climate change adaptation; Trinidad and Tobago; Urban governance; Urban households

Indexed keywords

EID: 84901854211     PISSN: 22120955     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2013.12.003     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Adger W. Social capital collective action and adaptation to climate change. Econ. Geogr. 2003, 79(4):387-404.
2. Adger W. Vulnerability. Glob. Environ. Chang. 2006, 16:268-281.
3. Agrawal A. The role of local institutions in adaptation to climate change, International Forestry Resources and Institutions Program (IFRI) working paper 2008, University of Michigan, Michigan.
4. Ayers J. Resolving the Adaptation Paradox: exploring the potential for deliberative adaptation policy-making in Bangladesh. Global Environ. Polit. 2011, 11(1):62-88.
5. Beall J., Fox S. Cities and Development 2009, Routhledge, London and New York. first ed.
6. Biermann F., Betsill M., Camargo Vieira S., Gupta J., Kanie N., Lebel L., Liverman D., Schroeder H., Siebenhüner B., Yanda P., Zondervan R. Navigating the anthropocene: the earth system governance -project strategy paper. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain. 2010, 2:202-208.
7. Bueno R., Herzfeld C., Stanton E., Ackerman F. The Caribbean and Climate Change: The Costs of Inaction 2008, Tufts University, Medford.
8. Caribbean Natural Resources Institute (CANARI) Policy brief Climate Change in the Caribbean; The Case for Greater Investment in Research and Adaptive Policies 2010, CANARI, Port of Spain, 2010.
9. Caribbean Natural Recourses institute (CANARI) website, 2013. Climate change and disaster risk prevention, available at: accessed on 10.08.13. http://www.canari.org/climate.asp.
10. Daniell K., Hogan A., Cleary J. Breaking down the 'one-size-fits-all' approach to rural and regional policy in the face of climate change: enhancing policy initiatives through multi-level governance 2010, NCCARF Social Economic and Institutional Dimensions Network, UNSW Sydney, Sydney.
11. Devas N., Amis P., Beall J., Grant U., Nunan F., Rakodi C. Urban Governance, Voice and Poverty in the Developing World 2004, Earthscan, London.
12. Dodman D. Blaming cities for climate change? An analysis of urban greenhouse gas emissions inventories. Environ. Urban. 2009, 21(1):185-201.
13. Dodman D., Mitlin D. Challenges for Community-Based Adaptation: discovering the potential for transformation. J. Int. Dev. 2011, 10.1002/jid.1772.
14. Fünfgeld H. Institutional challenges to climate risk management in cities. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain. 2010, 2:56-160.
15. Fünfgeld H., McEvoy D. Framing Climate Change Adaptation in Policy and Practice 2011, Victorian Centre for Climate Change Adaptation Research (VCCCCAR), Melbourne.
16. Fünfgeld H., McEvoy D. Framing Climate Change Adaptation in Policy and Practice, VCCCAR Project: Framing Adaptation in the Victorian Context 2011, RMIT University, Melbourne.
17. Füssel H. Vulnerability: a generally applicable conceptual framework for climate change research. Glob. Environ. Chang. 2007, 17:155-167.
18. Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago National Environmental Policy 2006, Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, Port of Spain.
19. Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago National climate change policy for Trinidad and Tobago 2011, Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, Port of Spain.
20. Guardian Media, 2013. Families ravaged by flash flooding in West Trinidad. Available at: accessed on 15.09.13. http://guardian.co.tt/news/2013-09-13/families-ravaged-flash-flooding-west-trinidad.
21. Huq S., Kovats S., Reid H., Satterthwaite D. Editorial: reducing risks to cities from disasters and climate change. Environ. Urban. 2007, 19(1):3-15.
22. International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) Climate Change and the Urban Poor: Risk and Resilience in 15 of the world's Most Vulnerable Cities 2009, IIED, London.
23. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2001. Climate Change 2001: Third Assessment Report, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
24. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2007a. Climate change 2007: synthesis report, IPCC, Geneva.
25. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2007b. IPCC fourth assessment report: climate change 2007. IPCC, Geneva.
26. Kolle, K., 2011. Paving the way to preparedness, the integrated multilevel climate change adaptation governance in Trinidad and Tobago (master thesis), University of Oxford, Oxford.
27. Kooiman J., Bavinck M., Jentoft S., Pullin R. Fish for life. Interactive Governance for Fisheries 2005, Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam.
28. Leslie K. Global change and threats to the Caribbean: need for adaptation solutions. The Americas: Building the Adaptive Capacities to Global Environmental Change 2006, 193-203. University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown.
29. Linnekamp F., Baud I., Koedam A. Household vulnerability to climate change: examining perceptions of households of flood risk in Georgetown and Paramaribo. Habitat. Int. 2011, 35:447-456.
30. Liverman D. Who governs, at what scale and at what price? Geography, environmental governance, and the commodification of nature. Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. 2004, 94(4):734-738.
31. McGranahan G., Balk D., Anderson B. The rising ride: assessing the risks of climate change and human settlements in low elevation coastal zones. Environ. Urban. 2007, 19(1):17-37.
32. Middelbeek, L., 2011. Bad weather: the local urban reality of climate change in an informal settlement in Trinidad and Tobago (master thesis), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam.
33. Moser C. The asset vulnerability framework: reassessing urban poverty reduction strategies. World Dev. 1998, 26(1):1-19.
34. Moser C. A conceptual and operational framework for pro-poor asset adaptation to urban climate change. Cities and Climate Change, Urban Development Series 2011, 225-253. World Bank, Washington. D. Hoornweg, M. Freire, J. Lee, P. Bhada-Tata, B. Yuen (Eds.).
35. Moser, C., Satterthwaite, D., 2008. Towards pro-poor adaptation to climate change in the urban centres of low-and middle-income countries. In: Human Settlements Discussion Paper Series, climate change and cities 3, IIED/GURC Working Paper No 1, University of Manchester, Global Urban Research Centre, Manchester.
36. Moser C., Norton A., Stein A., Georgieva S. Pro Poor Adaptation to Climate Change in Urban Centers: Case Studies of Vulnerability and Resilience in Kenia and Nicaragua 2010, The World Bank, Washington.
37. Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Introduction to the local level. Integrating Climate Change Adaptation into Development Cooperation: Policy Guidance 2009, OECD, Paris. OECD (Ed.).
38. Pelling M. The vulnerabilities of cities: natural disasters and social resilience 2003, Eartscan, London.
39. The Resilience Alliance Website, 2013. Resilience. Available at: accessed on 10.08.13. http://www.resalliance.org/index.php/resilience.
40. Satterthwaite D., Huq S., Reid H., Pelling M., Romero Lankao P. Adapting to climate change in urban areas: the possibilities and constraints in low- and middle-income nations. Adapting Cities to Climate Change: Understanding and Addressing the Development Challenges 2009, 3-34. Earthscan, London. J. Bicknell, D. Dodman, D. Satterthwaite (Eds.).
41. Singh B. Climate related global changes in the southern Caribbean: Trinidad and Tobago. Glob. Planet Chang. 1997, 15:93-111.
42. Trinidad and Tobago Office of Disaster Preparedness and Management Website, 2013. Available at: accessed on 10.08.13. http://www.odpm.gov.tt.
43. Trinidad and Tobago Office of Disaster Preparedness and Management quote in Trinidad Express Newspaper, 2013a. Available at: accessed on 10.08.13. http://www.trinidadexpress.com/news/Met-office-Normal-weather-not-rainy-season-204954791.html.
44. Trinidad and Tobago Office of Disaster Preparedness and Management website, 2013b. Hazard Maps. Available at: accessed on 10.08.13. http://www.odpm.gov.tt/node/245.
45. Trinidad and Tobago Office of Disaster Preparedness and Management website, 2013c. Flooding. Available at: accessed on 10.08.13. http://www.odpm.gov.tt/node/16.
46. Tuna Puna/Piarco Regional Cooperation Tuna Puna/Piarco Regional Municipality Development Plan 2010-2020 2009, Tuna Puna/Piarco Regional Cooperation, Tuna Puna.
47. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), 2008. Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean, Climate change in the Caribbean and the challenge of adaptation, UNEP, Panama, City.
48. United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) Cities and Climate Change: Global Report on Human Settlements 2011, UN-HABITAT, Nairobi.
49. Verrest H. Home-based Economic Activities in the Caribbean Urban Livelihoods: Vulnerability, Ambition and Impact in Paramaribo and Port of Spain 2010, Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam.
50. Wamsler C. Bridging the gaps: stakeholder-based strategies for risk reduction and financing for the urban poor. Environ. Urban. 2007, 19(115):115-142.
51. Water Resources Agency Trinidad and Tobago (WRA), 2001. Integrating the management of watersheds and coastal areas in Trinidad and Tobago, WRA, Port of Spain.
52. Wilby R. A review of climate change impacts on the built environment. Built. Environ. J. 2007, 33:31-45.