Education and civil conflict in Nepal

World Bank Economic Review

Volumn 28, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 354-383

  Valente, Christine ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CIVIL WAR; EDUCATION; EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT; FEMALE; GENDER;

NEPAL;

EID: 84901783288     PISSN: 02586770     EISSN: 1564698X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/wber/lht014     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Aguirre, D., and I. Pietropaoli. 2008. "Gender Equality, Development and Transitional Justice: The Case of Nepal." The International Journal of Transitional Justice 2: 356-77.
2. Akbulut-Yuksel, M. 2009. "Children of War: The Long-run Effects of Large-scale Physical Destruction and Warfare on Children." IZA Working Paper No.4407. Institute for the Study of Labor, Bonn, Germany.
3. Akresh, R., and D. de Walque. 2008. "Armed Conflict and Schooling: Evidence from the 1994 Rwandan Genocide."World Bank Policy Research Paper No.4606.World Bank,Washington, DC.
4. Annan, J., C. Blattman, D. Mazurana, and K. Carlson. 2009. "Women and Girls at War: 'Wives', Mothers, and Fighters in the Lord's Resistance Army." HICN Working paper 63. Households in Conflict Network, Brighton, UK.
5. Ariño, M. V. 2008. "Nepal: A Gender View of the Armed Conflict and Peace Process." Quaderns de ConstrucciÓ de Pau No.4. Escola de Cultura de Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
6. Armon, J., C. Berry, D. Duncan, R. Calder, S. Clapham, and M. Harvey. 2004. "Service Delivery in Difficult Environments: The Case of Nepal." Department for International Development, Asia Policy Division.
7. Becker, J. 2009. "Child Recruitment in Burma, Sri Lanka, and Nepal." In S. Gates, and S. Reich eds., Child Soldiers in the Age of Fractured States, 108-20. Pittsburg, PA: University of Pittsburg Press.
8. Bertrand, M., E. Duflo, and S. Mullainathan. 2004. "How Much Should We Trust Differences-in-Differences Estimates?" Quarterly Journal of Economics 1191: 249-75.
9. Blattman, C., and J. Annan. 2010. "The Consequences of Child Soldiering." Review of Economics and Statistics 92 (4): 882-98.
10. Blattman, C., and E. Miguel. 2010. "CivilWar." Journal of Economic Literature 48 (1): 3-57.
11. Bohara, A., N. Mitchell, and M. Nepal. 2006. "Opportunity, Democracy, and the Exchange of Political Violence: A Subnational Analysis of Conflict in Nepal." Journal of Conflict Resolution 50 (1): 108-28.
12. Central Bureau of Statistics [Nepal]. 2009. Nepal Statistical Year book 2009. Central Bureau of Statistics, Kathmandu. http://cbs.gov.np/?page_id=1233, last accessed May 22, 2013.
13. Chamarbagwala, R., and H. E. Morán. 2011. "The Human Capital Consequences of CivilWar: Evidence from Guatemala." Journal of Development Economics 94: 41-61.
14. Collins, S. 2006. "Assessing the Health Implications of Nepal's Ceasefire." Lancet 368: 907-8.
15. Devkota, B., and E. R. van Teijlingen. 2010. "Understand Effects of Armed Conflict on Health Outcomes: The case of Nepal." Conflict and Health 4: 20.
16. Do, Q-T., and L. Iyer. 2010. "Geography, Poverty and Conflict in Nepal." Journal of Peace Research 47(6): 735-48.
17. Duflo, E. 2003. "Grandmothers and Granddaughters: Old-Age Pensions and Intrahousehold Allocation in South Africa."World Bank Economic Review 17 (1): 1-25.
18. Falch, A. 2010. "Women's Political Participation and Influence in Post-Conflict Burundi and Nepal." Peace Research Institute OsloWorking Paper. Oslo, Norway.
19. Geiser, A. 2005. "Social Exclusion and Conflict Transformation in Nepal: Women, Dalit and Ethnic Groups."Working Paper 5/2005. Swisspeace, Bern, Switzerland.
20. Gitter, S. R., and B. L. Barham 2008. "Women's Power, Conditional Cash Transfers, and Schooling in Nicaragua."World Bank Economic Review 22 (2): 271-90.
21. Hanushek, E. A., and L. Woessmann 2008. "The Role of Cognitive Skills in Economic Development." Journal of Economic Literature 46: 607-68.
22. Hart, J. 2001. "Conflict in Nepal and its Impact on Children." A Discussion Document Prepared for UNICEF Regional Office South Asia, Refugee Studies Centre, Oxford.
23. Hatlebakk, M. 2007. "LSMS Data Quality in Maoist Influenced Areas of Nepal." No 6, CMI Working Papers. CMI (Chr. Michelsen Institute), Bergen, Norway.
24. Human Rights Watch. 2004. "Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Civilians Struggle to Survive in Nepal's Civil War." http://www.hrw.org/en/reports/2004/10/06/between-rock-and-hard-place?print, last accessed May 20, 2013.
25. Hutt, M. 2004. "Nepal and Bhutan in 2004: Two Kings, Two Futures." Asian Survey 45 (1): 83-87.
26. Ichino, A., and R. Winter-Ebmer 2004. "The Long-Run Educational Cost of World War II." Journal of Labor Economics 22 (1): 57-86.
27. INSEC. 2009. Electronic data files. Informal Sector Service, Kathmandu.
28. Lama-Tamang, M. S., S. M. Gurung, D. Swarnakar, and S. R. Magar 2003. "Social Change in Conflict Areas: Assessment Report." Prepared for UK Department for International Development (DFID) Nepal, Kathmandu.
29. LeÓn, G. 2012. "Civil Conflict and Human Capital Accumulation: The Long-Term Effects of Political Violence in Perú ." Journal of Human Resources 47 (4): 992-1022.
30. Lokshin, M. M., and E. Glinskaya 2009. "The Effect of Male Migration on Employment Patterns of Women in Nepal."World Bank Economic Review 23 (3): 481-507.
31. Macours, K. 2011. "Increasing Inequality and Civil Conflict in Nepal." Oxford Economic Papers 63 (1): 1-26.
32. Manchanda, R. 2004. "Maoist Insurgency in Nepal. Radicalizing Gendered Narratives." Cultural Dynamics 162 (3): 237-58.
33. Menon, N., and Y. Rodgers 2011. "War and Women's Work: Evidence from the Conflict in Nepal." World Bank Policy ResearchWorking Paper No. 5745.World Bank,Washington, DC.
34. Ministry of Health [Nepal], New ERA, and ORC Macro. 2002. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2001. Calverton, Maryland: Family Health Division, Ministry of Health; New ERA; and ORC Macro.
35. Murshed, S. M., and S. Gates 2005. "Spatial-Horizontal Inequality and the Maoist Insurgency in Nepal." Review of Development Economics 9(1): 121-34.
36. Pettigrew, J., and S. Shneiderman 2004. "Women and the Maobaadi: Ideology and Agency in Nepal's MaoistMovement." Himal South Asia 17 (1): 19-29.
37. Quisumbing, A. R., and J. A. Maluccio 2003. "Resources at Marriage and Intrahousehold Allocation: Evidence from Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Indonesia, and South Africa." Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 65: 283-327.
38. Rodríguez, C., and F. Sánchez 2009. "Armed Conflict Exposure, Human Capital Investments and Child Labor: Evidence from Colombia." HiCN Working Paper No. 68. Households in Conflict Network, Brighton, UK.
39. Shemyakina, O. 2011a. "The Effect of Armed Conflict on Accumulation of Schooling: Results from Tajikistan." Journal of Development Economics 95 (2): 186-200.
40. Shemyakina, O 2011b. "Labor Market, Education and Armed Conflict in Tajikistan." World Bank Policy ResearchWorking Paper No. 5738.World Bank,Washington, DC.
41. Shemyakina, O., and C. Valente 2011. "Education and Violent Conflict in South Asia: Challenges and Solutions." Background paper prepared for the World Bank Regional Study on "Improving the Quality of Learning in South Asia." Mimeograph, University of Bristol, UK.
42. Swee, E. L. 2009. "On War and Schooling Attainment: The Case of Bosnia and Herzegovina." HiCN Working Paper No. 57. Households in Conflict Network, Brighton, UK.
43. Thomas, D. 1990. "Intra-Household Resource Allocation: An Inferential Approach." Journal of Human Resources 25 (4): 635-64.
44. UNESCO. 2010. Education under Attack. Paris, France: United Nations Educations Scientific and Cultural Organization.
45. USAID. 2007. Nepal - Humanitarian Assistance Fact Sheet No. 1, June. http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/ PNADJ147.pdf, last accessed May 20, 2013.
46. Wallensteen, P., and M. Sollenberg 2001. "Armed Conflict 1989-2000." Journal of Peace Research 38 (5): 629-44.
47. World Bank. 2005. "Nepal - Resilience amidst Conflict: An Assessment of Poverty in Nepal, 1995-96 and 2003-04." Report No. 34834-NP.World Bank,Washington, DC.