Oxidation debris in graphene oxide is responsible for its inherent electroactivity

ACS Nano

Volumn 8, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 4197-4204

  Bonanni, Alessandra ^a   Ambrosi, Adriano ^a   Chua, Chun Kiang ^a   Pumera, Martin ^a  

^a Nanyang Technological University   (Singapore)

Author keywords

graphene oxide; inherent electroactivity; oxidation debris

Indexed keywords

DEBRIS; FLUORESCENCE; OXIDATION;

AROMATIC FRAGMENTS; ELECTRO-ACTIVITY; EXCELLENT SOLUBILITY; GRAPHENE FRAGMENTS; GRAPHENE OXIDES; RECENT RESEARCHES; SUPER CAPACITOR; ULTRA-SONICATION;

GRAPHENE;

EID: 84901684100     PISSN: 19360851     EISSN: 1936086X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/nn404255q     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Rourke, J. P.; Pandey, P. A.; Moore, J. J.; Bates, M.; Kinloch, I. A.; Young, R. J.; Wilson, N. R. The Real Graphene Oxide Revealed: Stripping the Oxidative Debris from the Graphene-like Sheets Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 3173-3177
2. Thomas, H. R.; Valles, C.; Young, R. J.; Kinloch, I. A.; Wilson, N. R.; Rourke, J. P. Identifying the Fluorescence of Graphene Oxide J. Mater. Chem. C 2013, 1, 338-342
3. Zhou, M.; Wang, Y. L.; Zhai, Y. M.; Zhai, J. F.; Ren, W.; Wang, F. A.; Dong, S. J. Controlled Synthesis of Large-Area and Patterned Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide Films Chem.-Eur. J. 2009, 15, 6116-6120
4. Liu, F.; Choi, J. Y.; Seo, T. S. Graphene Oxide Arrays for Detecting Specific DNA Hybridization by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Biosens. Bioelectron. 2010, 25, 2361-2365
5. Wu, X.; Tian, F.; Wang, W.; Chen, J.; Wu, M.; Zhao, J. X. Fabrication of Highly Fluorescent Graphene Quantum Dots Using L-Glutamic Acid for in Vitro/in Vivo Imaging and Sensing J. Mater. Chem. C 2013, 1, 4676-4684
6. Hsieh, C. T.; Teng, H. Influence of Oxygen Treatment on Electric Double-Layer Capacitance of Activated Carbon Fabrics Carbon 2002, 40, 667-674
7. Bao, Q. L.; Bao, S. J.; Li, C. M.; Qi, X.; Pan, C. X.; Zang, J. F.; Lu, Z. S.; Li, Y. B.; Tang, D. Y.; Zhang, S. et al. Supercapacitance of Solid Carbon Nanofibers Made from Ethanol Flames J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112, 3612-3618
8. Xu, B.; Yue, S. F.; Sui, Z. Y.; Zhang, X. T.; Hou, S. S.; Cao, G. P.; Yang, Y. S. What Is the Choice for Supercapacitors: Graphene or Graphene Oxide? Energy Environ. Sci. 2011, 4, 2826-2830
9. Szabo, T.; Berkesi, O.; Forgo, P.; Josepovits, K.; Sanakis, Y.; Petridis, D.; Dekany, I. Evolution of Surface Functional Groups in a Series of Progressively Oxidized Graphite Oxides Chem. Mater. 2006, 18, 2740-2749
10. Faria, A. F.; Martinez, D. S. T.; Moraes, A. C. M.; da Costa, M.; Barros, E. B.; Souza, A. G.; Paula, A. J.; Alves, O. L. Unveiling the Role of Oxidation Debris on the Surface Chemistry of Graphene through the Anchoring of Ag Nanoparticles Chem. Mater. 2012, 24, 4080-4087
11. Salzmann, C. G.; Llewellyn, S. A.; Tobias, G.; Ward, M. A. H.; Huh, Y.; Green, M. L. H. The Role of Carboxylated Carbonaceous Fragments in the Functionalization and Spectroscopy of a Single-Walled Carbon-Nanotube Material Adv. Mater. 2007, 19, 883-887
12. Wu, Z. H.; Pittman, C. U.; Gardner, S. D. Nitric-Acid Oxidation of Carbon-Fibers and the Effects of Subsequent Treatment in Refluxing Aqueous NaOH Carbon 1995, 33, 597-605
13. Hu, H.; Zhao, B.; Itkis, M. E.; Haddon, R. C. Nitric Acid Purification of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes J. Phys. Chem. B 2003, 107, 13838-13842
14. Wang, Z. W.; Shirley, M. D.; Meikle, S. T.; Whitby, R. L. D.; Mikhalovsky, S. V. The Surface Acidity of Acid Oxidised Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and the Influence of in Situ Generated Fulvic Acids on Their Stability in Aqueous Dispersions Carbon 2009, 47, 73-79
15. Heister, E.; Lamprecht, C.; Neves, V.; Tilmaciu, C.; Datas, L.; Flahaut, E.; Soula, B.; Hinterdorfer, P.; Coley, H. M.; Silva, S. R. P. et al. Higher Dispersion Efficacy of Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes in Chemical and Biological Environments ACS Nano 2010, 4, 2615-2626
16. Stefani, D.; Paula, A. J.; Vaz, B. G.; Silva, R. A.; Andrade, N. F.; Justo, G. Z.; Ferreira, C. V.; Souza, A. G.; Eberlin, M. N.; Alves, O. L. Structural and Proactive Safety Aspects of Oxidation Debris from Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes J. Hazard. Mater. 2011, 189, 391-396
17. Fogden, S.; Verdejo, R.; Cottam, B.; Shaffer, M. Purification of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes: The Problem with Oxidation Debris Chem. Phys. Lett. 2008, 460, 162-167
18. Worsley, K. A.; Kondrat, R. W.; Pal, S. K.; Kalinina, I.; Haddon, R. C. Isolation and Identification of Low Molecular Weight Carboxylated Carbons Derived from the Nitric Acid Treatment of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Carbon 2011, 49, 4982-4986
19. Verdejo, R.; Lamoriniere, S.; Cottam, B.; Bismarck, A.; Shaffer, M. Removal of Oxidation Debris from Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Chem. Commun. 2007, 513-515
20. Su, C. L.; Acik, M.; Takai, K.; Lu, J.; Hao, S. J.; Zheng, Y.; Wu, P. P.; Bao, Q. L.; Enoki, T.; Chabal, Y. J.; et al., Probing the Catalytic Activity of Porous Graphene Oxide and the Origin of This Behaviour. Nat. Commun. 2012, 3, 1298.
21. Li, X. M.; Yang, X. Y.; Jia, L.; Ma, X.; Zhu, L. D. Carbonaceous Debris That Resided in Graphene Oxide/Reduced Graphene Oxide Profoundly Affect Their Electrochemical Behaviors Electrochem. Commun. 2012, 23, 94-97
22. Thomas, H. R.; Day, S. P.; Woodruff, W. E.; Vallés, C.; Young, R. J.; Kinloch, I. A.; Morley, G. W.; Hanna, J. V.; Wilson, N. R.; Rourke, J. P. Deoxygenation of Graphene Oxide: Reduction or Cleaning? Chem. Mater. 2013, 25, 3580-3588
23. Coluci, V. R.; Martinez, D. S. f. T.; Honório, J. G.; F. de Faria, A. i.; Morales, D. A.; Skaf, M. S.; Alves, O. L.; Umbuzeiro, G. A. Noncovalent Interaction with Graphene Oxide: The Crucial Role of Oxidative Debris J. Phys. Chem. C 2014, 118, 2187-2193
24. Ambrosi, A.; Wong, G. K. S.; Webster, R. D.; Sofer, Z.; Pumera, M. Carcinogenic Organic Residual Compounds Readsorbed on Thermally Reduced Graphene Materials Are Released at Low Temperature Chem.-Eur. J. 2013, 19, 14446-14450
25. Kavan, L.; Yum, J.-H.; Grätzel, M. Graphene Nanoplatelets Outperforming Platinum as the Electrocatalyst in Co-Bipyridine-Mediated Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 5501-5506
26. Kavan, L.; Yum, J.-H.; Graetzel, M. Optically Transparent Cathode for Co(III/II) Mediated Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Graphene Oxide ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2012, 4, 6999-7006
27. Loo, A.; Bonanni, A.; Pumera, M. Thrombin Aptasensing with Inherently Electroactive Graphene Oxide Nanoplatelets as Labels Nanoscale 2013, 5, 4758-4762
28. Chng, E. L. K.; Pumera, M. Solid-State Electrochemistry of Graphene Oxides: Absolute Quantification of Reducible Groups Using Voltammetry Chem.-Asian J. 2011, 6, 2899-2901
29. Kotov, N. A.; Dekany, I.; Fendler, J. H. Ultrathin Graphite Oxide-Polyelectrolyte Composites Prepared by Self-Assembly: Transition between Conductive and Non-Conductive States Adv. Mater. 1996, 8, 637-641
30. Bonanni, A.; Chua, C. K.; Zhao, G. J.; Sofer, Z.; Pumera, M. Inherently Electroactive Graphene Oxide Nanoplatelets as Labels for Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Detection ACS Nano 2012, 6, 8546-8551
31. Ambrosi, A.; Chee, S. Y.; Khezri, B.; Webster, R. D.; Sofer, Z.; Pumera, M. Metallic Impurities in Graphenes Prepared from Graphite Can Dramatically Influence Their Properties Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 500-503
32. Ambrosi, A.; Chua, C. K.; Khezri, B.; Sofer, Z.; Webster, R. D.; Pumera, M. Chemically Reduced Graphene Contains Inherent Metallic Impurities Present in Parent Natural and Synthetic Graphite Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2012, 109, 12899-12904
33. Paredes, J. I.; Villar-Rodil, S.; Martinez-Alonso, A.; Tascon, J. M. D. Graphene Oxide Dispersions in Organic Solvents Langmuir 2008, 24, 10560-10564
34. Rinaldi, A.; Frank, B.; Su, D. S.; Hamid, S. B. A.; Schlogl, R. Facile Removal of Amorphous Carbon from Carbon Nanotubes by Sonication Chem. Mater. 2011, 23, 926-928
35. Bonanni, A.; Ambrosi, A.; Pumera, M. On Oxygen-Containing Groups in Chemically Modified Graphenes Chem.-Eur. J. 2012, 18, 4541-4548
36. Liu, L. Q.; Qin, Y. J.; Guo, Z. X.; Zhu, D. B. Reduction of Solubilized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Carbon 2003, 41, 331-335
37. Kumar, P. V.; Bardhan, N. M.; Tongay, S.; Wu, J.; Belcher, A. M.; Grossman, J. C. Scalable Enhancement of Graphene Oxide Properties by Thermally Driven Phase Transformation Nat. Chem. 2014, 6, 151-158
38. Luo, J. Y.; Cote, L. J.; Tung, V. C.; Tan, A. T. L.; Goins, P. E.; Wu, J. S.; Huang, J. X. Graphene Oxide Nanocolloids J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 17667-17669
39. Eda, G.; Lin, Y. Y.; Mattevi, C.; Yamaguchi, H.; Chen, H. A.; Chen, I. S.; Chen, C. W.; Chhowalla, M. Blue Photoluminescence from Chemically Derived Graphene Oxide Adv. Mater. 2010, 22, 505-509
40. Cuong, T. V.; Pham, V. H.; Tran, Q. T.; Hahn, S. H.; Chung, J. S.; Shin, E. W.; Kim, E. J. Photoluminescence and Raman Studies of Graphene Thin Films Prepared by Reduction of Graphene Oxide Mater. Lett. 2010, 64, 399-401
41. Erickson, K.; Erni, R.; Lee, Z.; Alem, N.; Gannett, W.; Zettl, A. Determination of the Local Chemical Structure of Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide Adv. Mater. 2010, 22, 4467-4472
42. Zhang, B.; Fan, L.; Zhong, H.; Liu, Y.; Chen, S. Graphene Nanoelectrodes: Fabrication and Size-Dependent Electrochemistry J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 10073-10080
43. Xia, Z. Y.; Pezzini, S.; Treossi, E.; Giambastiani, G.; Corticelli, F.; Morandi, V.; Zanelli, A.; Bellani, V.; Palermo, V. The Exfoliation of Graphene in Liquids by Electrochemical, Chemical, and Sonication-Assisted Techniques: A Nanoscale Study Adv. Funct. Mater. 2013, 23, 4684-4693
44. Si, Y.; Samulski, E. T. Synthesis of Water Soluble Graphene Nano Lett. 2008, 8, 1679-1682
45. Pan, S. Y.; Aksay, I. A. Factors Controlling the Size of Graphene Oxide Sheets Produced via the Graphite Oxide Route ACS Nano 2011, 5, 4073-4083
46. Dresselhaus, M. S.; Jorio, A.; Hofmann, M.; Dresselhaus, G.; Saito, R. Perspectives on Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Raman Spectroscopy Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 751-758
47. Englert, J. M.; Dotzer, C.; Yang, G. A.; Schmid, M.; Papp, C.; Gottfried, J. M.; Steinruck, H. P.; Spiecker, E.; Hauke, F.; Hirsch, A. Covalent Bulk Functionalization of Graphene Nat. Chem. 2011, 3, 279-286
48. Hummers, W. S.; Offeman, R. E. Preparation of Graphitic Oxide J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 1339-1339
49. Cote, L. J.; Kim, F.; Huang, J. X. Langmuir-Blodgett Assembly of Graphite Oxide Single Layers J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 1043-1049