Characterizing the spatio-temporal aspects of routine activities and the geographic distribution of street robbery

Artificial Crime Analysis Systems: Using Computer Simulations and Geographic Information Systems

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 226-251

  Groff, Elizabeth ^a  

^a TEMPLE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84901540846     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-59904-591-7.ch012     Document Type: Chapter

References (82)

1. Aitken, S. C., Cutter, S. L., Foote, K. E., & Sell, J. L. (1989). Environmental perception and behavioral geography. In Wilmott & Gaile (Eds.), Geography in america (pp. 218-238).
2. Albrecht, J. (2005). A new age for geosimulation. Transactions in GIS, 9(4), 451-454.
3. An, L., Linderman, M., Qi, J., Shortridge, A., & Liu, J. (2005). Exploring complexity in a human-environment system: An agent-based spatial model for multidisciplinary and multiscale integration. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 95(1), 54-79.
4. Axelrod, R. (in press). Advancing the art of simulation in the social sciences. In J.-P. Rennard (Ed.), Handbook of research on nature inspired computing for economy and management. Hershey, PA: Idea Group.
5. Bailey, T. C., & Gatrell, A. C. (1995). Interactive spatial data analysis. Essex: Longman Group Limited.
6. Batty, M., & Torrens, P. M. (2005). Modelling and prediction in a complex world. Futures, 37, 745-766.
7. Brantingham, P. J., & Brantingham, P. L. (1981). Notes on the geometry of crime. In P. Brantingham & P. Brantingham (Eds.), Environmental criminology (pp. 27-54). Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, Inc.
8. Brantingham, P. L., & Brantingham, P. J. (1993). Nodes, paths and edges: Considerations on the complexity of crime and the physical environment. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 13, 3-28.
9. Brantingham, P. L., & Brantingham, P. J. (2003). Computer simulation as a tool for environmental criminologists. Paper presented at the presented at 11th International Symposium on Environmental Criminology and Crime Analysis, University of Cincinnati.
10. Brantingham, P. L., & Brantingham, P. J. (2004). Computer simulation as a tool for environmental criminologists. Security Journal, 17(1), 21-30.
11. Brantingham, P. L., & Groff, E. R. (2004). The future of agent-based simulation in environmental criminology. Paper presented at the American Society of Criminology, Nashville, TN.
12. Brown, D. G., Riolo, R., Robinson, D. T., North, M., & Rand, W. (2005). Spatial process and data models: Toward integration of agent-based models and GIS. Journal of Geographic Systems, 7, 25-47.
13. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2003). Metropolitan area employment and unemployment: January 2003. Bureau of Labor Statistics, United States Department of Labor. Retrieved September 2, 2007, from the World Wide Web: www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/metro_03262003.pdf
14. nd ed.). Singapore: World Scientific.
15. Chorley, R. J., & Haggett, P. (Eds.). (1967). Models in geography. London: Methuen & Co.
16. Clarke, R. V., & Cornish, D. B. (1985). Modeling offender's decisions: A framework for Research and policy. In M. Tonry & N. Morris (Eds.), Crime and justice: An Annual Review of Research (Vol. 6). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
17. Clarke, R. V., & Cornish, D. B. (2001). Rational choice. In R. Paternoster & R. Bachman (Eds.), Explaining criminals and crime (pp. 23-42). Los Angeles: Roxbury Publishing Co.
18. Cohen, L. E., & Felson, M. (1979). Social change and crime rate trends: A routine activity approach. American Sociological Review, 44, 588-608.
19. Dibble, C. (2001). Theory in a complex world: Geo-Graph computational laboratories. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara.
20. Dowling, D. (1999). Experimenting on theories. Science in Context, 12(2), 261-273.
21. Eck, J. E. (2005). Using crime pattern simulations to elaborate theory. Paper presented at the American Society of Criminology, Toronto.
22. Eck, J. E., & Liu, L. (2004). Routine activity theory in a RA/CA crime simulation. Paper presented at the American Society of Criminology, Nashville, TN.
23. Eck, J. E., & Weisburd, D. L. (1995). Crime and place. Monsey, NY: Willow Tree Press.
24. Engel-Frisch, G. (1943). Some neglected temporal aspects of human ecology. Social Forces, 22(1/4), 43-47.
25. Epstein, J. M., & Axtell, R. (1996). Growing artificial societies. Washington. D.C.: Brookings Institution Press.
26. ESRI (2003). Business location data. Redlands, CA: Environmental Systems Research Institute.
27. ESRI (2005). ArcGIS 9.1. Redlands, CA: Environmental Systems Research Institute.
28. Felson, M. (1987). Routine activities and crime prevention in the developing metropolis. Criminology, 25(4), 911-931.
29. Gilbert, N., & Terna, P. (1999). How to build and use agent-based models in social science. Discussion Paper. Retrieved September 2, 2007, from http://web.econ.unito.it/terna/deposito/gil_ter.pdf
30. Gilbert, N., & Troitzsch, K. G. (1999). Simulation for the social scientist. Buckingham: Open University Press.
31. Gimblett, H. R. (Ed.). (2002). Integrating geographic information systems and agent-based modeling techniques for simulating social and ecological processes. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
32. Golledge, R. G., & Stimson, R. J. (1997). Spatial behavior: A geographical perspective. New York: Guilford Press.
33. Golledge, R. G., & Timmermans, H. (1990). Applications of behavioural research on spatial problems I: cognition. Progress in Human Geography, 14, 57-99.
34. Groff, E. R. (2006). Exploring the geography of routine activity theory: A spatio-temporal test using street robbery. Unpublished Dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park, MD.
35. Groff, E. R. (2007). Simulation for theory testing and experimentation: An example using routine activity theory and street robbery. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 23(2), 75-103.
36. Groff, E. R. (2007). 'Situating' simulation to model human spatio-temporal interactions: An example using crime events. Transactions in GIS, 11(4), 507-530.
37. Gunderson, L., & Brown, D. (2003). Using a multi-agent model to predict both physical and cyber crime. Retrieved September 2, 2007, from http://vijis.sys.virginia.edu/publication/SMCMultiAgent.pdf
38. Hägerstrand, T. (1970). What about people in regional science? Papers of the Regional Science Association, 24, 7-21.
39. Hägerstrand, T. (1973). The domain of human geography. In R. J. Chorley (Ed.), Directions in geography (pp. 67-87). London: Methuen.
40. Hägerstrand, T. (1975). Space, time, and human conditions. In A. Karlqvist, L. Lundqvist, & F. Snickars (Eds.), Dynamic allocation of urban space (pp. 3-14). Farnborough: Saxon House.
41. Harvey, D. (1969). Explanation in geography. London: Edward Arnold Publishers.
42. Hawley, A. H. (1950). Human ecology. New York: The Ronald Press Company.
43. Hindelang, M. J., Gottfredson, M. R., & Garofalo, J. (1978). Victims of personal crime. Cambridge: Ballinger.
44. Horton, F. E., & Reynolds, D. R. (1971). Action space differentials in cities. In H. McConnell & D. Yaseen (Eds.), Perspectives in geography: Models of spatial interaction (pp. 83-102). Dekab, IL: Northern Illinois University Press.
45. Kent, J., Leitner, M., & Curtis, A. (2006). Evaluating the usefulness of functional distance measures when calibrating jouney-to-crime distance decay functions. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 30, 181-200.
46. Kwan, M.-P. (1998). Space-time and intregral measures of individual accessibility: A comparative analysis using a point-based framework. Geographical Analysis, 30, 191-216.
47. Lenntorp, B. (1978). A time-geographic simulation model of individual activity programmes. In T. Carlstein, D. Parkes, & N. J. Thrift (Eds.), Human geography and time geography (pp. 162-199). New York: Halsted Press.
48. Levine, N. (2005). CrimeStat: A spatial statistics program for the analysis of crime incident locations (v 3.0). Washington, D.C.: Ned Levine & Associates, Houston, TX, and the National Institute of Justice.
49. Liu, L., Wang, X., Eck, J., & Liang, J. (2005). Simulating crime events and crime patterns in RA/CA model. In F. Wang (Ed.), Geographic information systems and crime analysis (pp. 197-213). Singapore: Idea Group.
50. Lynch, K. (1960). The image of the city. Cambridge: M.I.T. Press.
51. Macy, M. W., & Willer, R. (2002). From factors to actors: Computational sociology and agentbased modeling. Annual Review of Sociology, 28, 143-166.
52. Maguire, D. J., Batty, M., & Goodchild, M. F. (Eds.). (2005). GIS, spatial analysis, and modeling. Redlands, CA: ESRI Press.
53. Manson, S. M. (2001). Calibration, verification, and validation (Section 2.4). In D. C. Parker, T. Berger, S. M. Manson, & W. J. M. (mng. ed. (Eds.), Agent-based models of land-use and landcover change.
54. Miller, E. J., Hunt, J. D., Abraham, J. E., & Salvini, P. A. (2004). Microsimulating urban systems. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 28(2004), 9-44.
55. Miller, E. J., Roorda, M. J., & Carrasoc, J. A. (2005). A tour-based model of travel mode choice. Transportation, 32, 399-422.
56. Miller, H. J. (1991). Modelling accessibility using space-time prism concepts within geographical information systems. International Journal Geographical Information Systems, 5(3), 287-301.
57. Miller, H. J. (2005). A measurement theory for time geography. Geographical Analysis, 37, 17-45.
58. Mitchell, A. (1999). The ESRI guide to GIS analysis: Vol. 1. Geographic patterns & relationships. Redlands, CA: Environmental Systems Research Institute Press.
59. Moss, S., & Edmonds, B. (2005). Sociology and simulation: Statistical and qualitative cross-validation. The American Journal of Sociology, 110(4), 1095-1131.
60. North, M. J., Collier, N. T., & Vos, J. R. (2006). Experiences creating three implementations of the repast agent modeling toolkit. ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation, 16(1), 1-25.
61. Oreskes, N., Shrader-Frechette, K., & Belitz, K. (1994). Verification, validation, and confirmation of numerical models in the earth sciences. Science, 263(5147), 641-646.
62. Ostrom, T. M. (1988). Computer simulation: The third symbol system. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 24, 381-392.
63. O'Sullivan, D. (2004a). Complexity science and human geography. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 29, 282-295.
64. O'Sullivan, D. (2004b). Too much of the wrong kind of data: Implications for the practice of micro-scale modeling. In M. F. Goodchild & D. G. Janelle (Eds.), Spatially integrated social science (pp. 95-107). New York: Oxford University Press.
65. Pred, A. (1967). Behavior and location: Foundations for a geographic and dynamic location theory, Part I. Gleerup: Lund.
66. Pred, A. (1996). The choreography of existence: Comments on Hagerstrand's time-geography and its usefulness. Economic Geography, 53, 207-221.
67. Ratcliffe, J. H. (2006). A temporal constraint theory to explain opportunity-based spatial offending patterns. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 6(3), 261-291.
68. Rengert, G. (1988). The locations of facilities and crime. Journal of Security of Administration, 11(2), 12-16.
69. Ropella, G. E., Railsback, S. F., & Jackson, S. K. (2002). Software engineering considerations for individual-based models. Natural Resource Modeling, 15(1), 5-22.
70. Sampson, R. J. (1993). Linking time and place: Dynamic contextualism and the future of criminological inquiry. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 30(4), 426-444.
71. Thrift, N. J., & Bennett, R. R. (Eds.). (1978). Towards the dynamic analysis of spatial systems. London: Pion Limited.
72. Thrift, N. J., & Pred, A. (1981). Time-geography: A new beginning. Progress in Human Geography, 5(2), 277-286.
73. U.S. Census Bureau (Cartographer) (2000). Census 2000: Summary tape file 1 (SF1)
74. U.S. Census Bureau (2002). County business patterns. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved, September 2, 2007, from http://censtats.census.gov/cbpnaic/cbpnaic.shtml
75. Visher, C. A., & Roth, J. A. (1986). Participation in criminal careers. In A. Blumstein, J. Cohen, J. A. Roth, & C. A. Visher (Eds.), Criminal careers and "Career Criminals" (Vol. I, pp. 211-291). Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
76. Walmsley, D. J., & Lewis, G. J. (1993). People and environment: Behavioral approaches in human geography. Essex: Longman Scientific & Technical.
77. Wang, X., Liu, L., & Eck, J. (2004). A spatial dynamic simulation of crime using Agent-based modeling. Paper presented at the Association of American Geographers, Philadelphia, PA.
78. Weber, J., & Kwan, M.-P. (2002). Bringing time back in: A study on the influence of travel time variations and facility opening hours on individual accessibility. The Professional Geographer, 54, 226-240.
79. Weber, J., & Kwan, M.-P. (2003). Evaluating the effects of geographic contexts on individual accessibility: A multilevel approach. Urban Geography, 24(8), 647-671.
80. Weisburd, D. L. (2002). From criminals to criminal contexts: Reorienting crime prevention. In E. Waring & D. Weisburd (Eds.), Crime & social organization (Vol. 10, pp. 197-216). New Bruns-wick, NJ: Transactions Publishers.
81. Weisburd, D. L., Lum, C., & Yang, S.-M. (2004). The criminal careers of places: A longitudinal study. Washington, D.C.: US Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice.
82. Williamson, D., Mclafferty, S., McGuire Philip, G., Ross, T. A., Mollenkopf, J. H., Goldsmith, V., & Quinn, S. (2001). Tools in the spatial analysis of crime. In A. Hirschfield & K. Bowers (Eds.), Mapping and analysing crime data: Lessons from research and rractice (pp. 187-203). London: Taylor & Francis.