Preventing non bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia in older adults: Historical background and considerations for choosing between PCV13 and PPV23

Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics

Volumn 10, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 1322-1330

  Fedson, David S ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

Herd protection; Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; Pneumococcal pneumonia; Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine

Indexed keywords

PNEUMOCOCCUS VACCINE;

COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DISEASE CARRIER; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; FATALITY; HUMAN; IMMUNOGENICITY; INCIDENCE; LETTER; NON BACTEREMIC PNEUMOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA; PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REVACCINATION; SEROTYPE; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TREATMENT RESPONSE; IMMUNOLOGY; PROCEDURES; VACCINATION;

HUMANS; PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINES; VACCINATION;

EID: 84901444697     PISSN: 21645515     EISSN: 2164554X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4161/hv.28797     Document Type: Letter

References (57)

1. Trück J, Lazarus R, Jonsdottir I, Klugman KP, Pollard AJ. Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine efficacy and routine use of conjugate vaccines in infants: there is no need for a vaccine program in older adults at present. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 55:1577-9, author reply 1579-81; PMID:22903769; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/cis700
2. Fedson DS, Guppy MJ. Pneumococcal vaccination of older adults: conjugate or polysaccharide? Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:1382-4; PMID:23732892; http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/hv.24692
3. Hollingsworth R, Isturiz R. Pneumococcal vaccination of older adults: Conjugate or polysaccharide? Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 10; 45-6; PMID:24018552
4. Fedson DS. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccination for older adults: Reply letter to Hollingsworth et al. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 10; 47-51; PMID:24030320
5. Hollingsworth R, Isturiz R. The stubborn persistence of adult pneumococcal pneumonia as a public health problem. [Epub ahead of print]. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014; 10; PMID:24553362; http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/hv.27986
6. Hak E, Grobbee DE, Sanders EA, Verheij TJ, Bolkenbaas M, Huijts SM, Gruber WC, Tansey S, McDonough A, Thoma B, et al. Rationale and design of CAPITA: a RCT of 13-valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine efficacy among older adults. Neth J Med 2008; 66:378-83; PMID:18990781
7. Fedson DS, Musher DM. Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. In: Plotkin SA, Orenstein WA Eds. Vaccines 4th Ed. Saunders: Phildelphia, 2004, pp 529-88.
8. Austrian R, Douglas RM, Schiffman G, Coetzee AM, Koornhof HJ, Hayden-Smith S, Reid RD. Prevention of pneumococcal pneumonia by vaccination. Trans Assoc Am Physicians 1976; 89:184-94; PMID:14433
9. Fedson DS, Liss C. Precise answers to the wrong question: prospective clinical trials and the meta-analyses of pneumococcal vaccine in elderly and high-risk adults. Vaccine 2004; 22:927-46; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine. 2003.09.027; PMID:15161070
10. Detsky AS, Sackett DL. When was a "negative" clinical trial big enough? How many patients you needed depends on what you found. Arch Intern Med 1985; 145:709-12; PMID:3985731; http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.1985. 00360040141030
11. Huss A, Scott P, Stuck AE, Trotter C, Egger M. Efficacy of pneumococcal vaccination in adults: a meta-analysis. CMAJ 2009; 180:48-58; http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.080734; PMID:19124790
12. Moberley S, Holden J, Tatham DP, Andrews RM. Vaccines for preventing pneumococcal infection in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; 1:CD000422; PMID:23440780
13. Andrews NJ, Waight PA, George RC, Slack MP, Miller E. Impact and effectiveness of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine against invasive pneumococcal disease in the elderly in England and Wales. Vaccine 2012; 30:6802-8; PMID:23000122; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.09.019
14. Shapiro ED, Berg AT, Austrian R, Schroeder D, Parcells V, Margolis A, Adair RK, Clemens JD. The protective efficacy of polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. N Engl J Med 1991; 325:1453-60; PMID:1944423; http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199111213252101
15. Sisk JE, Moskowitz AJ, Whang W, Lin JD, Fedson DS, McBean AM, Plouffe JF, Cetron MS, Butler JC. Cost-effectiveness of vaccination against pneumococcal bacteremia among elderly people. JAMA 1997; 278:1333-9; PMID:9343464; http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1997.03550160053038
16. Fedson DS, Nicolas-Spony L, Klemets P, van der Linden M, Marques A, Salleras L, Samson SI. Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination for adults: new perspectives for Europe. Expert Rev Vaccines 2011; 10:1143-67; PMID:21810065; http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/erv.11.99
17. Bridges CB, Coyne-Beasley T; Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. Advisory committee on immunization practices recommended immunization schedule for adults aged 19 years or older: United States, 2014. Ann Intern Med 2014; 160:190-7; PMID:24658695; http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/M13-2826
18. Williams WW, Lu PJ, O'Halloran A, Bridges CB, Pilishvili T, Hales CM, Markowitz LE; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Noninfluenza vaccination coverage among adults - United States, 2012. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2014; 63:95-102; PMID:24500288
19. United States Census Bureau. Age and sex composition: 2010. 2010 Census Briefs. Table 2. Issued May 2011. http://www.census.gov/prd.cen2010/briuefs/ c2010-03.pdf. Accessed January 25, 2014.
20. Tiwari TSP. Chapter 16: Tetanus. VPD Surveillance Manual, 5th Edition, 2011. Centers for Disease Control. http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/surv-manual/ chpt16-tetanus.html. Accessed January 25, 2014.
21. Simell B, Auranen K, Käyhty H, Goldblatt D, Dagan R, O'Brien KL; Pneumococcal Carriage Group. The fundamental link between pneumococcal carriage and disease. Expert Rev Vaccines 2012; 11:841-55; PMID:22913260; http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/erv.12.53
22. Sharma D, Baughman W, Holst A, Thomas S, Jackson D, da Gloria Carvalho M, Beall B, Satola S, Jerris R, Jain S, et al. Pneumococcal carriage and invasive disease in children before introduction of the 13-valent conjugate vaccine: comparison with the era before 7-valent conjugate vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2013; 32:e45-53; PMID:23080290; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/INF.0b013e3182788fdd
23. Fleming-Dutra KE, Conklin L, Loo JD, Knoll MD, Park DE, Kirk J, Goldblatt D, Whitney CG, O'Brien KL. Systematic review of the effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine dosing schedules on vaccine-type nasopharyngeal carriage. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2014; 33(Suppl 2):S152-60; PMID:24336057; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000000083
24. Pilishvili T, Lexau C, Farley MM, Hadler J, Harrison LH, Bennett NM, Reingold A, Thomas A, Schaffner W, Craig AS, et al.; Active Bacterial Core Surveillance/Emerging Infections Program Network. Sustained reductions in invasive pneumococcal disease in the era of conjugate vaccine. J Infect Dis 2010; 201:32-41; PMID:19947881; http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/648593
25. Conklin L, Loo JD, Kirk J, Fleming-Dutra KE, Deloria Knoll M, Park DE, Goldblatt D, O'Brien KL, Whitney CG. Systematic review of the effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine dosing schedules on vaccine-type invasive pneumococcal disease among young children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2014; 33(Suppl 2):S109-18; PMID:24336053; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000000078
26. Elemraid MA, Rushton SP, Shirley MD, Thomas MF, Spencer DA, Eastham KM, Hampton F, Gorton R, Pollard K, Gennery AR, et al.; North East of England Paediatric Respiratory Infection Study Group. Impact of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on the incidence of childhood pneumonia. Epidemiol Infect 2013; 141:1697-704; PMID:23084696; http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ S0950268812002257
27. Loo JD, Conklin L, Fleming-Dutra KE, Deloria Knoll M, Park DE, Kirk J, Goldblatt D, O'Brien KL, Whitney CG. Systematic review of the effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine dosing schedules on prevention of pneumonia. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2014; 33(Suppl 2):S140-51; PMID:24336056; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000000082
28. Davis SM, Deloria-Knoll M, Kassa HT, O'Brien KL. Impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on nasopharyngeal carriage and invasive disease among unvaccinated people: review of evidence on indirect effects. Vaccine 2013; 32:133-45; PMID:23684824; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.05.005
29. Muhammad RD, Oza-Frank R, Zell E, Link-Gelles R, Narayan KM, Schaffner W, Thomas A, Lexau C, Bennett NM, Farley MM, et al. Epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease among high-risk adults since the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for children. Clin Infect Dis 2013; 56:e59-67; PMID:23155149; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/cis971
30. Halasa NB, Grijalva CG, Arbogast PG, Talbot TR, Craig AS, Griffin MR, Schaffner W. Nearly complete elimination of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine serotypes in Tennessee. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2013; 32:604-9; PMID:23348816; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/INF.0b013e318287fe0d
31. Loo JD, Conklin L, Fleming-Dutra KE, Knoll MD, Park DE, Kirk J, Goldblatt D, O'Brien KL, Whitney CG. Systematic review of the indirect effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine dosing schedules on pneumococcal disease and colonization. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2014; 33(Suppl 2):S161-71; PMID:24336058; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000000084
32. Weinberger DM, Bruden DT, Grant LR, Lipsitch M, O'Brien KL, Pelton SI, Sanders EA, Feikin DR. Using pneumococcal carriage data to monitor postvaccination changes in invasive disease. Am J Epidemiol 2013; 178:1488-95; PMID:24013204; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwt156
33. Ansaldi F, de Florentiis D, Canepa P, Ceravolo A, Rappazzo E, Iudici R, et al. Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in healthy adults aged 60 years and over in a population with very high and long-lasting pneumococcal conjugate vaccine coverage in children: Rationale and perspectives for PCV13 administration. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9; 614-620; http://dx.doi.org/10. 4161/hv.23253
34. Griffin MR, Zhu Y, Moore MR, Whitney CG, Grijalva CG. U.S. hospitalizations for pneumonia after a decade of pneumococcal vaccination. N Engl J Med 2013; 369:155-63; PMID:23841730; http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/ NEJMoa1209165
35. Sherwin RL, Gray S, Alexander R, McGovern PC, Graepel J, Pride MW, Purdy J, Paradiso P, File TM Jr. Distribution of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes in US adults aged ≥50 years with community-acquired pneumonia. J Infect Dis 2013; 208:1813-20; PMID:24092845; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jit506
36. Huijts SM, Pride MW, Vos JMI, Jansen KU, Webber C, Gruber W, Boersma WG, Snijders D, Kluytmans JA, van der Lee I, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of a serotype-specific antigen test in community-acquired pneumonia. Eur Respir J 2013; 42:1283-90; PMID:23397295; http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00137412
37. Griffin MR, Grijalva CG. Distribution of pneumococcal serotypes in adult pneumococcal pneumonia cases: filling the evidence gap to inform vaccination policies. J Infect Dis 2013; 208:1734-6; PMID:24092844; http://dx.doi.org/10. 1093/infdis/jit510
38. Said MA, Johnson HL, Nonyane BAS, Deloria-Knoll M, O'Brien KL, Andreo F, Beovic B, Blanco S, Boersma WG, Boulware DR, et al.; AGEDD Adult Pneumococcal Burden Study Team. Estimating the burden of pneumococcal pneumonia among adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic techniques. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60273; PMID:23565216; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0060273
39. Bewick T, Sheppard C, Greenwood S, Slack M, Trotter C, George R, Lim WS. Serotype prevalence in adults hospitalised with pneumococcal noninvasive community-acquired pneumonia. Thorax 2012; 67:540-5; PMID:22374921; http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2011-201092
40. Rodrigo C, Bewick T, Sheppard C, Greenwood S, Trotter C, Slack M, George R, Lim WS. Clinical features of adults with seven-valent-conjugated-vaccine- serotype pneumococcal pneumonia. Vaccine 2014; 32:1460-5; PMID:24508039; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.01.035
41. Rodrigo C, Bewick T, Sheppard C, Greenwood S, Macgregor V, Trotter C, Slack M, George R, Lim WS. Pneumococcal serotypes in adult non-invasive and invasive pneumonia in relation to child contact and child vaccination status. Thorax 2014; 69:168-73; PMID:24048505; http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013- 203987
42. Jackson LA, Gurtman A, van Cleeff M, Jansen KU, Jayawardene D, Devlin C, Scott DA, Emini EA, Gruber WC, Schmoele-Thoma B. Immunogenicity and safety of a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine compared to a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in pneumococcal vaccine-naive adults. Vaccine 2013; 31:3577-84; PMID:23688526; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.04.085
43. Jackson LA, Gurtman A, Rice K, Pauksens K, Greenberg RN, Jones TR, Scott DA, Emini EA, Gruber WC, Schmoele-Thoma B. Immunogenicity and safety of a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in adults 70 years of age and older previously vaccinated with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. Vaccine 2013; 31:3585-93; PMID:23688527; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine. 2013.05.010
44. Lazarus R, Clutterbuck E, Yu LM, Bowman J, Bateman EA, Diggle L, Angus B, Peto TE, Beverley PC, Mant D, et al. A randomized study comparing combined pneumococcal conjugate and polysaccharide vaccination schedules in adults. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 52:736-42; PMID:21367726; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/cir003
45. van Hoek AJ, Sheppard CL, Andrews NJ, Waight PA, Slack MPE, Harrison TG, Ladhani SN, Miller E. Pneumococcal carriage in children and adults two years after introduction of the thirteen valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in England. Vaccine 2014; PMID:24657717; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2014. 03.017
46. Kaplan SL, Barson WJ, Lin PL, Romero JR, Bradley JS, Tan TQ, Hoffman JA, Givner LB, Mason EO Jr. Early trends for invasive pneumococcal infections in children after the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2013; 32:203-7; PMID:23558320; http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ INF.0b013e318275614b
47. Steens A, Bergsaker MA, Aaberge IS, Rønning K, Vestrheim DF. Prompt effect of replacing the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine with the 13-valent vaccine on the epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease in Norway. Vaccine 2013; 31:6232-8; PMID:24176490; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. vaccine.2013.10.032
48. Angoulvant F, Levy C, Grimprel E, Varon E, Lorrot M, Biscardi S, Minodier P, Dommergues MA, Hees L, Gillet Y, et al. Early impact of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on community-acquired pneumonia in children. Clin Infect Dis 2014; 58:918-24; PMID:24532543; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciu006
49. Palmu AA, Kaijalainen T, Saukkoriipi A, Leinonen M, Kilpi TM. Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae and pneumococcal urine antigen test in healthy elderly subjects. Scand J Infect Dis 2012; 44:433-8; PMID:22263905; http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00365548.2011.652162
50. Benfield T, Skovgaard M, Schønheyder HC, Knudsen JD, Bangsborg J, Østergaard C, Slotved HC, Konradsen HB, Thomsen RW, Lambertsen L. Serotype distribution in non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia: association with disease severity and implications for pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72743; PMID:24009703; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072743
51. Link-Gelles R, Taylor T, Moore MR; Active Bacterial Core Surveillance Team. Forecasting invasive pneumococcal disease trends after the introduction of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in the United States, 2010-2020. Vaccine 2013; 31:2572-7; PMID:23583813; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine. 2013.03.049
52. Nakamura MM, Tasslimi A, Lieu TA, Levine O, Knoll MD, Russell LB, Sinha A. Cost effectiveness of child pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in middle-income countries. Int Health 2011; 3:270-81; PMID:24038500; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.inhe.2011.08.004
53. Weycker D, Sato R, Strutton D, Edelsberg J, Atwood M, Jackson LA. Public health and economic impact of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in US adults aged ≥50 years. Vaccine 2012; 30:5437-44; PMID:22728289; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.05.076
54. Smith KJ, Wateska AR, Nowalk MP, Raymund M, Nuorti JP, Zimmerman RK. Cost-effectiveness of adult vaccination strategies using pneumococcal conjugate vaccine compared with pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. JAMA 2012; 307:804-12; PMID:22357831; http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2012.169
55. Ochoa-Gondar O, Vila-Corcoles A, Rodriguez-Blanco T, Gomez-Bertomeu F, Figuerola-Massana E, Raga-Luria X, Hospital-Guardiola I. Effectiveness of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine against community-acquired pneumonia in the general population aged ≥ 60 years: 3 years of follow-up in the CAPAMIS study. Clin Infect Dis 2014; 58:909-17; PMID:24532544; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciu002
56. Bonten M, Bolkenbaas M, Huijts S, Webber C. Gault S, Gruber W, et al. Community-acquired pneumonia immunization trial in adults - CAPiTA. 9th International Symposium on Pneumococci and Pneumococcal Diseases. Hyderabad, India, 12 March 2014.
57. Klugman KP. Editorial commentary: a tale of 2 pneumococcal vaccines. Clin Infect Dis 2014; 58:925-7; PMID:24532545; http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciu007