A new platform for the determination of air-sea fluxes (OCARINA): Overview and first results

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology

Volumn 31, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 1043-1062

  Bourras, D ^a   Branger, H ^b   Reverdin, G ^c   Marie, L ^d   Cambra, R ^a   Baggio, L ^a   Caudoux, C ^a   Caudal, G ^a   Morisset, S ^c   Geyskens, N ^e   Weill, A ^a   Hauser, D ^a  

^a SERVICE D AÉRONOMIE DU CNRS   (France)

^b AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITY   (France)

^c UNIVERSITÉ PIERRE ET MARIE CURIE   (France)

^d IFREMER   (France)

^e STATION DE RADIOASTRONOMIE DE NANÇAY   (France)

Author keywords

In situ atmospheric observations; In situ oceanic observations; Surface observations

Indexed keywords

METEOROLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS; SHIPS; TURBULENCE;

AUTONOMOUS PLATFORMS; FLOATING PLATFORMS; SITU ATMOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS; SITU OCEANIC OBSERVATIONS; SURFACE BOUNDARY-LAYER; SURFACE OBSERVATION; TURBULENCE CHARACTERISTICS; WIND-WAVE INTERACTION;

BUOYANCY;

EID: 84901433291     PISSN: 07390572     EISSN: 15200426     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00055.1     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Anctil, F., M. A. Donelan, W. M. Drennan, and H. C. Graber, 1994: Eddy-correlation measurements of air-sea fluxes from a discus buoy. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 11, 1144-1150, doi:10.1175/ 1520-0426(1994)011<1144:ECMOAS>2.0.CO;2.
2. Belcher, S. E., and J. C. R. Hunt, 1993: Turbulent shear flow over slowly moving waves. J. FluidMech., 251, 109-148, doi:10.1017/ S0022112093003350.
3. Berry, D. I., E. C. Kent, and P. K. Taylor, 2004: Ananalytical model of heating errors in marine air temperatures from ships. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 21, 1198-1215, doi:10.1175/ 1520-0426(2004)021<1198:AAMOHE>2.0.CO;2.
4. Bourras, D., and Coauthors, 2009: Turbulent air-sea fluxes in the Gulf of Guinea during the AMMA experiment. J. Geophys. Res., 114, C04014, doi:10.1029/2008JC004951.
5. Brut, A., A. Butet, P.Durand, G.Caniaux, and S. Planton, 2005:Airsea exchanges in the equatorial area from the EQUALANT99 dataset: Bulk parameterizations of turbulent fluxes corrected for airflow distortion. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 131, 2497-2538, doi:10.1256/qj.03.185.
6. Christensen, K. H., J. Röhrs, B. Ward, I. Fer, G. Broström, O. Saetra, and O. Breivik, 2013: Surface wave measurements using a ship-mounted ultrasonic altimeter. Methods Oceanogr., 6, 1-15, doi:10.1016/j.mio.2013.07.002.
7. Cohen, J. E., and S. E. Belcher, 1999: Turbulent shear flow over fast-moving waves. J. Fluid Mech., 386, 345-371, doi:10.1017/ S0022112099004383.
8. Donelan, M. A., F. W. Dobson, S. D. Smith, and R. J. Anderson, 1993: On the dependence of sea surface roughness on wave development. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 2143-2149, doi:10.1175/ 1520-0485(1993)023<2143:OTDOSS>2.0.CO;2.
9. Donelan, M. A., W. M. Drennan, and K. B. Katsaros, 1997: The air-sea momentum flux in conditions of wind sea and swell. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 2087-2099, doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1997)027<2087: TASMFI>2.0.CO;2.
10. Donelan, M. A., A. V. Babanin, I. R. Young, M. L. Banner, and C. McCormick, 2005: Wave-follower field measurements of the wind-input spectral function. Part I: Measurements and calibrations. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 22, 799-813, doi:10.1175/JTECH1725.1.
11. Dupuis, H., P. K. Taylor, A. Weill, and K. Katsaros, 1997: Inertial dissipation method applied to derive turbulent fluxes over the ocean during the Surface of the Ocean, Fluxes and Interactions with the Atmosphere/Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment (SOFIA/ASTEX) and Structure des Echanges Mer-Atmosphere, Proprietes des Heterogeneites Oceaniques: Recherche Experimentale (SEMAPHORE) experiments with low to moderate wind speeds. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 21 115-21 129, doi:10.1029/97JC00446.
12. Edson, J. B., C. W. Fairall, P. G. Mestayer, and S. E. Larsen, 1991: A study of the inertial-dissipation method for computing airsea fluxes. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 10 689-10 711, doi:10.1029/ 91JC00886.
13. Edson, J. B., A.A. Hinton, K. E. Prada, J. E. Hare, and C. W. Fairall, 1998: Direct covariance flux estimates from mobile platforms at sea. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 15, 547-562, doi:10.1175/ 1520-0426(1998)015<0547:DCFEFM>2.0.CO;2.
14. Edson, J. B., and Coauthors, 2007: The Coupled Boundary Layers and Air-Sea Transfer experiment in low winds. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 88, 341-356, doi:10.1175/BAMS-88-3-341.
15. Fairall, C. W., E. F. Bradley, J. E. Hare, A. A. Grachev, and J. B. Edson, 2003: Bulk parameterization of air-sea fluxes:Updates and verification for the COARE algorithm. J. Climate, 16, 571-591, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<0571:BPOASF>2.0.CO;2.
16. Graber, H. C., E. A. Terray, M. A. Donelan, W. M. Drennan, J. C. Van Leer, and D. B. Peters, 2000: ASIS-A new Air-Sea Interaction Spar buoy:Design and performance at sea. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 17, 708-720, doi:10.1175/ 1520-0426(2000)017<0708:AANASI>2.0.CO;2.
17. Grachev, A. A., C. W. Fairall, J. E. Hare, and J. B. Edson, 2001: Wind stress over sea waves. Preprints, 11th Conf. on Interaction of the Sea and Atmosphere, San Diego, CA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 1-4. [Available online at https://ams.confex.com/ ams/Polar-AirSe/webprogram/Paper20171.html.].
18. Grachev, A. A., E. L. Andreas, C. W. Fairall, P. S. Guest, and P. O. G. Persson, 2012: The critical Richardson number and limit of applicability of Monin-Obukhov similarity theory in the stable atmospheric boundary layer. Preprints, 20th Symp. on Boundary Layers and Turbulence, Boston, MA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 3B.5. [Available online at https://ams.confex.com/ ams/20BLT18AirSea/webprogram/Paper209287.html.].
19. Grare, L., W. L. Peirson, H. Branger, J.W.Walker, J.-P.Giovanangeli, and V.Makin, 2013: Growth and dissipation of wind-forced deepwater waves. J. Fluid Mech., 722, 5-50, doi:10.1017/jfm.2013.88.
20. Howden, S., D. Gilhousen, N. Guinasso, J. Walpert, M. Sturgeon, L. Bender, 2008: Hurricane Katrina winds measured by a buoy-mounted sonic anemometer. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 25, 607-616, doi:10.1175/2007JTECHO518.1.
21. Kaimal, J. C., J. C. Wyngaard, Y. Izumi, and O. R. Cote, 1972: Spectral characteristics of surface-layer turbulence. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 98, 563-589, doi:10.1002/qj.49709841707.
22. Katsaros, K. B., 1980: The aqueous thermal boundary layer. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 18, 107-127, doi:10.1007/BF00117914.
23. Katsaros, K. B., M. A. Donelan, and W. M. Drennan, 1993: Flux measurements from a SWATH ship in SWADE. J. Mar. Syst., 4, 117-132, doi:10.1016/0924-7963(93)90003-5.
24. Kolmogorov, A. N., 1941: The local structure of turbulence in incompressible viscous fluid for very large Reynolds numbers. Izv. Acad. Sci. USSR, 30, 299-303.
25. Kudryavtsev, V. N., V. K. Makin, and J. F. Meirink, 2001: Simplified model of the air flow above waves. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 100, 63-90, doi:10.1023/A:1018914113697.
26. Le Boyer, C., G. Cambon, N. Daniault, S. Herbette, B. Le Cann, L. Marie, P. Morin, 2009: Observations of the Ushant tidal front in September 2007. Cont. Shelf Res., 29, 1026-1037, doi:10.1016/j.csr.2008.12.020.
27. Lecornu, F., and Y.-H. De Roeck, 2009: PREVIMER-Coastal observations and forecasts. Houille Blanche, 1, 60-63, doi:10.1051/lhb:2009006.
28. Liu, W. T., K. B. Katsaros, and J. A. Businger, 1979: Bulk parameterization of air-sea exchanges of heat and water vapor including the molecular constraints at the interface. J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 1722-1735, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1979)036<1722: BPOASE>2.0.CO;2.
29. Miller, S. D., T. S. Hristov, J. B. Edson, and C. A. Friehe, 2008: Platform motion effects on measurements of turbulence and air-sea exchange over the open ocean. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 25, 1683-1694, doi:10.1175/2008JTECHO547.1.
30. Monin, A. S., and A. M. Obukhov, 1954: Basic laws of turbulent mixing in the surface layer of the atmosphere. Tr. Geofiz. Inst., Akad. Nauk SSSR, 24, 163-187.
31. Morisset, S., and G. Reverdin, 2011: Prototype drifter study: "Tag proto" (SMRULOCEAN). LOCEAN-UMPC Internal Rep., 38 pp.
32. Pedreros, R., G. Dardier, H.Dupuis, H. C. Graber, W.M. Drennan, A. Weill, C. Guerin, and P. Nacass, 2003: Momentum and heat fluxes via the eddy correlation method on the R/V L'Atalante and an ASIS buoy. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 3339, doi:10.1029/ 2002JC001449.
33. Popinet, S., M. Smith, and C. Stevens, 2004: Experimental and numerical study of the turbulence characteristics of airflow around a research vessel. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 21, 1575-1589, doi:10.1175/1520-0426(2004)021<1575:EANSOT>2.0.CO;2.
34. Reverdin, G., and Coauthors, 2013: Surpact:ASMOS surface drifter for air-sea interaction. Oceanography, 26, 48-56, doi:10.5670/ oceanog.2013.04.
35. Sahlee, E., W. M. Drennan, H. Potter, and M. A. Rebozo, 2012: Waves and air-sea fluxes from a drifting ASIS buoy during the Southern Ocean Gas Exchange experiment. J. Geophys. Res., 117, C08003, doi:10.1029/2012JC008032.
36. Semedo, A., Ø.Saetra, A.Rutgersson, K. K. Kahma, and H. Pettersson, 2009:Wave-induced wind in themarine boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 2256-2271, doi:10.1175/2009JAS3018.1.
37. Smedman, A., U. Högström, E. Sahlee, W. M. Drennan, K. K. Kahma, H. Pettersson, and F. Zhang, 2009: Observational study of marine atmospheric boundary layer characteristics during swell. J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 2747-2763, doi:10.1175/ 2009JAS2952.1.
38. Smith, S. D., 1988: Coefficients for sea surface wind stress, heat flux, and wind profiles as a function of wind speed and temperature. J. Geophys. Res., 93, 15 467-15 472, doi:10.1029/ JC093iC12p15467.
39. Soloviev, Y. P., and V.N.Kudryavtsev, 2010: Wind-speed undulations over swell: Field experiment and interpretation. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 136, 341-363, doi:10.1007/s10546-010-9506-z.
40. Sullivan, P. P., J. B. Edson, T. Hristov, and J. C. McWilliams, 2008: Large-eddy simulations and observations of atmospheric marine boundary layers above nonequilibrium surface waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 1225-1245, doi:10.1175/ 2007JAS2427.1.
41. Weill, A., and Coauthors, 2003: Toward a better determination of turbulent air-sea fluxes from several experiments. J. Climate, 16, 600-618, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<0600: TABDOT>2.0.CO;2.
42. Weller, R. A., S. P. Bigorre, J. L. Jonathan, D. Ware, and J. B. Edson, 2012:Asurfacemooring for air-sea interaction research in theGulf Stream. Part I:Mooring design and instrumentation. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 29, 1363-1376, doi:10.1175/ JTECH-D-12-00060.1.
43. Yelland, M. J., B. I. Moat, R. W. Pascal, and D. I. Berry, 2002: CFD model estimates of the airflow distortion over research ships and the impact on momentum flux measurements. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 19, 1477-1499, doi:10.1175/1520-0426(2002) 019<1477:CMEOTA>2.0.CO;2.