메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 603-614

Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism and Requirements

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 84901372064     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-1-4160-3479-7.10056-4     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (5)

References (113)
  • 1
    • 0019914846 scopus 로고
    • Deficiencies of essential and conditionally essential nutrients
    • J.X. Chipponi, J.C. Bleier, M.T. Santi, et al. (1982) Deficiencies of essential and conditionally essential nutrients. Am J Clin Nutr 35(Suppl 5), 1112-1116.
    • (1982) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.35 , pp. 1112-1116
    • Chipponi, J.X.1    Bleier, J.C.2    Santi, M.T.3
  • 2
    • 0002072415 scopus 로고
    • Dispensable and indispensable amino acid interrelationships
    • G.L. Blackburn, J.P. Grant, V.R. Young, et al., (Eds), Boston: John Wright-PSG
    • A.E. Harper (1983) Dispensable and indispensable amino acid interrelationships. G.L. Blackburn, J.P. Grant, V.R. Young, et al., (Eds) Amino Acids: Metabolism and Medical Applications Boston: John Wright-PSG 105-121.
    • (1983) Amino Acids: Metabolism and Medical Applications , pp. 105-121
    • Harper, A.E.1
  • 3
    • 0023483376 scopus 로고
    • Newer concepts of the indispensable amino acids
    • S.A. Laidlaw and J.D. Kopple (1987) Newer concepts of the indispensable amino acids. Am J Clin Nutr 46 593-605.
    • (1987) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.46 , pp. 593-605
    • Laidlaw, S.A.1    Kopple, J.D.2
  • 4
    • 0015357403 scopus 로고
    • Development of mammalian sulphur metabolism: absence of cystathionase in human fetal tissues
    • G.E. Gaull, J.A. Sturman and N.C. Raiha (1972) Development of mammalian sulphur metabolism: absence of cystathionase in human fetal tissues. Pediatr Res 6 538-547.
    • (1972) Pediatr Res , vol.6 , pp. 538-547
    • Gaull, G.E.1    Sturman, J.A.2    Raiha, N.C.3
  • 5
    • 0014931232 scopus 로고
    • Absence of cystathionase in human fetal liver: is cysteine essential?
    • J.A. Sturman, G. Gaull and N.C. Raiha (1970) Absence of cystathionase in human fetal liver: is cysteine essential? Science 169 74-76.
    • (1970) Science , vol.169 , pp. 74-76
    • Sturman, J.A.1    Gaull, G.2    Raiha, N.C.3
  • 6
    • 0020082098 scopus 로고
    • The development of cystathionase activity during the first year of life
    • S.H. Zlotkin and G.H. Anderson (1982) The development of cystathionase activity during the first year of life. Pediatr Res 16 65-68.
    • (1982) Pediatr Res , vol.16 , pp. 65-68
    • Zlotkin, S.H.1    Anderson, G.H.2
  • 7
    • 0017386745 scopus 로고
    • Enzymic differentiation of human liver: comparison with the rat model
    • O. Greengard (1977) Enzymic differentiation of human liver: comparison with the rat model. Pediatr Res 11 669-676.
    • (1977) Pediatr Res , vol.11 , pp. 669-676
    • Greengard, O.1
  • 8
    • 0014255415 scopus 로고
    • Development of urea-synthesizing enzymes in human liver
    • N.C. Raiha and J. Suihkonen (1968) Development of urea-synthesizing enzymes in human liver. Acta Paediatr Scand 57 121-124.
    • (1968) Acta Paediatr Scand , vol.57 , pp. 121-124
    • Raiha, N.C.1    Suihkonen, J.2
  • 9
    • 0032618619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Of flux and flooding: the advantages and problems of different isotopic methods for quantifying protein turnover in vivo. I. Methods based on the dilution of a tracer
    • P.J. Reeds and T.A. Davis (1999) Of flux and flooding: the advantages and problems of different isotopic methods for quantifying protein turnover in vivo. I. Methods based on the dilution of a tracer. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2 23-28.
    • (1999) Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care , vol.2 , pp. 23-28
    • Reeds, P.J.1    Davis, T.A.2
  • 10
    • 0029851887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormonal and dietary regulation of lysosomal cysteine proteinases in liver under gluconeogenesis conditions
    • T. Inubushi, M. Shikiji, K. Endo, et al. (1996) Hormonal and dietary regulation of lysosomal cysteine proteinases in liver under gluconeogenesis conditions. Biol Chem 377 539-1342.
    • (1996) Biol Chem , vol.377 , pp. 539-1342
    • Inubushi, T.1    Shikiji, M.2    Endo, K.3
  • 11
    • 0026025416 scopus 로고
    • Degradation of nuclear oncoproteins by the ubiquitin system in vitro
    • A. Ciehanover, J.A. DiGuiseppe, B. Bercovich, et al. (1991) Degradation of nuclear oncoproteins by the ubiquitin system in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88 139-143.
    • (1991) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.88 , pp. 139-143
    • Ciehanover, A.1    DiGuiseppe, J.A.2    Bercovich, B.3
  • 12
    • 0026764311 scopus 로고
    • Proteolysis, proteasomes and antigen presentation
    • A.L. Goldberg and K.L. Rock (1992) Proteolysis, proteasomes and antigen presentation. Nature 357 375-379.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.357 , pp. 375-379
    • Goldberg, A.L.1    Rock, K.L.2
  • 13
    • 0021252966 scopus 로고
    • Protein turnover with special reference to man
    • J.C. Waterlow (1984) Protein turnover with special reference to man. Q J Exp Physiol 69 409-438.
    • (1984) Q J Exp Physiol , vol.69 , pp. 409-438
    • Waterlow, J.C.1
  • 14
    • 0025298456 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative role of splanchnic region in leucine metabolism: L-[1-13C,15N] leucine and substrate balance studies
    • Y.M. Yu, D.A. Wagner, E.E. Tredget, et al. (1990) Quantitative role of splanchnic region in leucine metabolism: L-[1-13C,15N] leucine and substrate balance studies. Am J Physiol 259 E36-E51.
    • (1990) Am J Physiol , vol.259 , pp. E36-E51
    • Yu, Y.M.1    Wagner, D.A.2    Tredget, E.E.3
  • 15
    • 0026696051 scopus 로고
    • Glycine, leucine, and phenylalanine flux in low-birth-weight infants during parenteral and enteral feeding
    • L.J. Wykes, R.O. Ball, C.E. Menendez, et al. (1992) Glycine, leucine, and phenylalanine flux in low-birth-weight infants during parenteral and enteral feeding. Am J Clin Nutr 55 971-975.
    • (1992) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.55 , pp. 971-975
    • Wykes, L.J.1    Ball, R.O.2    Menendez, C.E.3
  • 16
    • 0029885511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative kinetics of phenylalanine and leucine in low birth weight infants during nutrient administration
    • L. van Toledo-Eppinga, S.C. Kalhan, W. Kulik, et al. (1996) Relative kinetics of phenylalanine and leucine in low birth weight infants during nutrient administration. Pediatr Res 40 41-46.
    • (1996) Pediatr Res , vol.40 , pp. 41-46
    • van Toledo-Eppinga, L.1    Kalhan, S.C.2    Kulik, W.3
  • 17
    • 0015072192 scopus 로고
    • Sweat and miscellaneous nitrogen losses in human balance studies
    • D.H. Calloway, A.C. Odell and S. Margen (1971) Sweat and miscellaneous nitrogen losses in human balance studies. J Nutr 101 775-786.
    • (1971) J Nutr , vol.101 , pp. 775-786
    • Calloway, D.H.1    Odell, A.C.2    Margen, S.3
  • 18
    • 0015292721 scopus 로고
    • Production of gaseous nitrogen in human steady-state conditions
    • J.H. Cissik, R.E. Johnson and D.K. Rokosch (1972) Production of gaseous nitrogen in human steady-state conditions. J Appl Physiol 32 155-159.
    • (1972) J Appl Physiol , vol.32 , pp. 155-159
    • Cissik, J.H.1    Johnson, R.E.2    Rokosch, D.K.3
  • 19
    • 0021807902 scopus 로고
    • Whole body protein synthesis and energy expenditure in very low birth weight infants
    • C. Catzeflis, Y. Schutz, J.L. Micheli, et al. (1985) Whole body protein synthesis and energy expenditure in very low birth weight infants. Pediatr Res 19 679-687.
    • (1985) Pediatr Res , vol.19 , pp. 679-687
    • Catzeflis, C.1    Schutz, Y.2    Micheli, J.L.3
  • 21
    • 0020551474 scopus 로고
    • Dietary composition and macronutrient storage in preterm infants
    • B. Reichman, P. Chessex, G. Verellen, et al. (1983) Dietary composition and macronutrient storage in preterm infants. Pediatrics 72 322-328.
    • (1983) Pediatrics , vol.72 , pp. 322-328
    • Reichman, B.1    Chessex, P.2    Verellen, G.3
  • 22
    • 0003307495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutritional needs of preterm infants
    • R.E. Kleinman (Eds), Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics
    • American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition (1998) Nutritional needs of preterm infants. R.E. Kleinman (Eds) Pediatric Nutrition Handbook Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics 55-87.
    • (1998) Pediatric Nutrition Handbook , pp. 55-87
  • 23
    • 0029061748 scopus 로고
    • Nutrition needs and feeding of premature infants
    • Canadian Pediatric Society Nutrition Committee (1995) Nutrition needs and feeding of premature infants. Can Med Assoc J 152 1765-1785.
    • (1995) Can Med Assoc J , vol.152 , pp. 1765-1785
  • 24
    • 0003177117 scopus 로고
    • Hepatology, and Nutrition, Committee on Nutrition of the Preterm Infant: Nutrition and feeding of preterm infants
    • European Society for Gastroenterology (1987) Hepatology, and Nutrition, Committee on Nutrition of the Preterm Infant: Nutrition and feeding of preterm infants. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl 336 1-14.
    • (1987) Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl , vol.336 , pp. 1-14
  • 25
    • 0025370334 scopus 로고
    • Growth, nutrient retention and metabolic response of low-birth-weight infants fed supplemented and unsupplemented preterm human milk
    • S. Kashyap, K.F. Schulze, M. Forsyth, et al. (1990) Growth, nutrient retention and metabolic response of low-birth-weight infants fed supplemented and unsupplemented preterm human milk. Am J Clin Nutr 52 254-262.
    • (1990) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.52 , pp. 254-262
    • Kashyap, S.1    Schulze, K.F.2    Forsyth, M.3
  • 26
    • 0001443585 scopus 로고
    • Protein requirements of low birthweight, very low birthweight, and small for gestational age infants
    • N.C.R. Räihä (Eds), New York: Raven Press
    • S. Kashyap and W.C. Heird (1994) Protein requirements of low birthweight, very low birthweight, and small for gestational age infants. N.C.R. Räihä (Eds) Protein Metabolism During Infancy: Nestlé Nutrition Workshop Series, vol 33 New York: Raven Press 133.
    • (1994) Protein Metabolism During Infancy: Nestlé Nutrition Workshop Series, vol 33 , pp. 133
    • Kashyap, S.1    Heird, W.C.2
  • 27
    • 0037313108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minimum protein intake for the preterm neonate determined by protein and amino acid kinetics
    • G.A. Zello, C.E. Menendez, M. Rafii, et al. (2003) Minimum protein intake for the preterm neonate determined by protein and amino acid kinetics. Pediatr Res 53 338-344.
    • (2003) Pediatr Res , vol.53 , pp. 338-344
    • Zello, G.A.1    Menendez, C.E.2    Rafii, M.3
  • 28
    • 0023790338 scopus 로고
    • Growth, nutrient retention and metabolic response in low birth weight infants fed varying intakes of protein and energy
    • S. Kashyap, K.F. Schulze, M. Forsyth, et al. (1988) Growth, nutrient retention and metabolic response in low birth weight infants fed varying intakes of protein and energy. J Pediatr 113 713-721.
    • (1988) J Pediatr , vol.113 , pp. 713-721
    • Kashyap, S.1    Schulze, K.F.2    Forsyth, M.3
  • 29
    • 0022642707 scopus 로고
    • Effects of varying protein and energy intakes on growth and metabolic response in low birth weight infants
    • S. Kashyap, M. Forsyth, C. Zucker, et al. (1986) Effects of varying protein and energy intakes on growth and metabolic response in low birth weight infants. J Pediatr 108 955-963.
    • (1986) J Pediatr , vol.108 , pp. 955-963
    • Kashyap, S.1    Forsyth, M.2    Zucker, C.3
  • 30
    • 0023858307 scopus 로고
    • Cord blood amino acid concentrations from neonates of 23–41 weeks gestational age
    • W.B. Pittard III, K.M. Geddes and T.A. Picone (1988) Cord blood amino acid concentrations from neonates of 23–41 weeks gestational age. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 12 167-169.
    • (1988) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr , vol.12 , pp. 167-169
    • Pittard, W.B.1    Geddes, K.M.2    Picone, T.A.3
  • 31
    • 0021242775 scopus 로고
    • Plasma amino acids of the midtrimester human fetus
    • N. McIntosh, C.H. Rodeck and R. Heath (1984) Plasma amino acids of the midtrimester human fetus. Biol Neonate 45 218-224.
    • (1984) Biol Neonate , vol.45 , pp. 218-224
    • McIntosh, N.1    Rodeck, C.H.2    Heath, R.3
  • 32
    • 0021821658 scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen and mineral balance in preterm infants fed human milks or formula
    • R.J. Schanler (1985) Nitrogen and mineral balance in preterm infants fed human milks or formula. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 4 214-219.
    • (1985) J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr , vol.4 , pp. 214-219
    • Schanler, R.J.1
  • 33
    • 0018956869 scopus 로고
    • Nutritional balance studies in very low birth weight infants: enhanced nutrient retention rates by an experimental formula
    • J.P. Shenai, J.W. Reynolds and S.G. Babson (1980) Nutritional balance studies in very low birth weight infants: enhanced nutrient retention rates by an experimental formula. Pediatrics 66 233-238.
    • (1980) Pediatrics , vol.66 , pp. 233-238
    • Shenai, J.P.1    Reynolds, J.W.2    Babson, S.G.3
  • 34
    • 0020580717 scopus 로고
    • Growth, metabolic response and development in very low birth weight infants fed banked human milk or enriched formula. I. Neonatal findings
    • J.E. Tyson, R.E. Lasky, C.E. Mize, et al. (1983) Growth, metabolic response and development in very low birth weight infants fed banked human milk or enriched formula. I. Neonatal findings. J Pediatr 103 95-104.
    • (1983) J Pediatr , vol.103 , pp. 95-104
    • Tyson, J.E.1    Lasky, R.E.2    Mize, C.E.3
  • 35
    • 0032811598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal growth of hospitalized very low birth weight infants
    • R.A. Ehrenkranz, N. Younes, J.A. Lemons, et al. (1999) Longitudinal growth of hospitalized very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 104 280-289.
    • (1999) Pediatrics , vol.104 , pp. 280-289
    • Ehrenkranz, R.A.1    Younes, N.2    Lemons, J.A.3
  • 36
    • 0036269911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expert Panel on Assessment of Nutrient Requirements for Preterm Infant Formulas
    • Life Sciences Research Office (LSRO) (2002) Expert Panel on Assessment of Nutrient Requirements for Preterm Infant Formulas. J Nutr 132(Suppl), 1395S-1577S.
    • (2002) J Nutr , vol.132 , pp. 1395S-1577S
  • 37
    • 70449150746 scopus 로고
    • The amino acid requirements of adult man
    • W.C. Rose (1957) The amino acid requirements of adult man. Nutr Abstr Rev Ser Hum Exp 27 631-647.
    • (1957) Nutr Abstr Rev Ser Hum Exp , vol.27 , pp. 631-647
    • Rose, W.C.1
  • 38
    • 0001908205 scopus 로고
    • Amino acid kinetics in relation to protein and amino acid requirements: the primary importance of amino acid oxidation
    • J.S. Garrow, D. Halliday (Eds), London: John Libbey
    • V.R. Young, C. Meredith, R. Hoerr, et al. (1985) Amino acid kinetics in relation to protein and amino acid requirements: the primary importance of amino acid oxidation. J.S. Garrow, D. Halliday (Eds) Substrate and Energy Metabolism in Man London: John Libbey 119-134.
    • (1985) Substrate and Energy Metabolism in Man , pp. 119-134
    • Young, V.R.1    Meredith, C.2    Hoerr, R.3
  • 39
    • 4243331225 scopus 로고
    • The amino acid requirements of children
    • W.L. Nyhan (Eds), New York: McGraw-Hill
    • L.E. Holt Jr. and S.E. Snyderman (1967) The amino acid requirements of children. W.L. Nyhan (Eds) Amino Acid Metabolism and Genetic Variation New York: McGraw-Hill 381-390.
    • (1967) Amino Acid Metabolism and Genetic Variation , pp. 381-390
    • Holt, L.E.1    Snyderman, S.E.2
  • 40
    • 0041375470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different approaches to define individual amino acid requirements
    • P.B. Pencharz and R.O. Ball (2003) Different approaches to define individual amino acid requirements. Annu Rev Nutr 23 101-116.
    • (2003) Annu Rev Nutr , vol.23 , pp. 101-116
    • Pencharz, P.B.1    Ball, R.O.2
  • 41
    • 0242409487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Branched chain amino acid requirements in school aged children determined by indicator amino acid oxidation
    • D.R. Mager, L.J. Wykes, R.O. Ball, et al. (2003) Branched chain amino acid requirements in school aged children determined by indicator amino acid oxidation. J Nutr 133 3540-3545.
    • (2003) J Nutr , vol.133 , pp. 3540-3545
    • Mager, D.R.1    Wykes, L.J.2    Ball, R.O.3
  • 42
    • 0035197159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of graded intake of glycyl-L-tyrosine on phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism in parenterally fed neonates, with an estimation of tyrosine requirements
    • S.A. Roberts, R.O. Ball, A.M. Moore, et al. (2001) The effect of graded intake of glycyl-L-tyrosine on phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism in parenterally fed neonates, with an estimation of tyrosine requirements. Pediatr Res 49 111-119.
    • (2001) Pediatr Res , vol.49 , pp. 111-119
    • Roberts, S.A.1    Ball, R.O.2    Moore, A.M.3
  • 43
    • 0002944149 scopus 로고
    • The protein and amino acid requirements of the premature infant
    • J.H.P. Jonxis, H.K.A. Visser, J.A. Troelstra (Eds), Leiden, Holland: Stenfert Kroese
    • S.E. Snyderman (1971) The protein and amino acid requirements of the premature infant. J.H.P. Jonxis, H.K.A. Visser, J.A. Troelstra (Eds) Metabolic Processes in the Foetus and Newborn Infant Leiden, Holland: Stenfert Kroese 128-141.
    • (1971) Metabolic Processes in the Foetus and Newborn Infant , pp. 128-141
    • Snyderman, S.E.1
  • 44
    • 0342345953 scopus 로고
    • Amino acid requirements
    • R.W. Winters, E.G. Hasselmeyer (Eds), New York: John Wiley & Sons
    • S.E. Snyderman (1975) Amino acid requirements. R.W. Winters, E.G. Hasselmeyer (Eds) Intravenous Nutrition in the High Risk Infant New York: John Wiley & Sons 205-214.
    • (1975) Intravenous Nutrition in the High Risk Infant , pp. 205-214
    • Snyderman, S.E.1
  • 45
    • 11644250004 scopus 로고
    • Amino acid requirements for normal growth
    • W.L. Nyhan (Eds), New York: McGraw-Hill
    • S.J. Fomon and L.J. Filer Jr. (1967) Amino acid requirements for normal growth. W.L. Nyhan (Eds) Amino Acid Metabolism and Genetic Variation New York: McGraw-Hill 391-401.
    • (1967) Amino Acid Metabolism and Genetic Variation , pp. 391-401
    • Fomon, S.J.1    Filer, L.J.2
  • 46
    • 85153844827 scopus 로고
    • Safety of Amino Acids Used as Dietary Supplements: FDA Contract No
    • Washington, DC: Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition
    • Life Sciences Research Office (1992) Safety of Amino Acids Used as Dietary Supplements: FDA Contract No. 223-88-2124 Washington, DC: Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition
    • (1992) 223-88-2124
  • 47
    • 0025756737 scopus 로고
    • The importance of α-lactalbumin in infant nutrition
    • W.E. Heine, P.D. Klein and P.J. Reeds (1991) The importance of α-lactalbumin in infant nutrition. J Nutr 121 277-283.
    • (1991) J Nutr , vol.121 , pp. 277-283
    • Heine, W.E.1    Klein, P.D.2    Reeds, P.J.3
  • 48
    • 0031856740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The amino acid composition of human milk corrected for amino acid digestibility
    • A.J. Darragh and P.H. Moughan (1998) The amino acid composition of human milk corrected for amino acid digestibility. Br J Nutr 80 25-34.
    • (1998) Br J Nutr , vol.80 , pp. 25-34
    • Darragh, A.J.1    Moughan, P.H.2
  • 49
    • 0028321465 scopus 로고
    • Amino acid composition of human milk is not unique
    • T.A. Davis, H.V. Nguyen, R. Garcia-Bravo, et al. (1994) Amino acid composition of human milk is not unique. J Nutr 124 1126-1132.
    • (1994) J Nutr , vol.124 , pp. 1126-1132
    • Davis, T.A.1    Nguyen, H.V.2    Garcia-Bravo, R.3
  • 50
    • 0031932559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Qualitative analysis of human milk produced by women consuming a maize-predominant diet typical of rural Mexico
    • S. Villalpando, N.F. Butte, S. Flores-Huerta, et al. (1998) Qualitative analysis of human milk produced by women consuming a maize-predominant diet typical of rural Mexico. Ann Nutr Metab 42 23-32.
    • (1998) Ann Nutr Metab , vol.42 , pp. 23-32
    • Villalpando, S.1    Butte, N.F.2    Flores-Huerta, S.3
  • 52
    • 0016031158 scopus 로고
    • Biochemical basis for nutritional management of preterm infants
    • N.C.R. Räihä (1974) Biochemical basis for nutritional management of preterm infants. Pediatrics 53 147-156.
    • (1974) Pediatrics , vol.53 , pp. 147-156
    • Räihä, N.C.R.1
  • 53
    • 0030056375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proteolysis and phenylalanine hydroxylation in response to parenteral nutrition in extremely premature and normal newborns
    • S.C. Denne, C.A. Karn, J.A. Ahlrichs, et al. (1996) Proteolysis and phenylalanine hydroxylation in response to parenteral nutrition in extremely premature and normal newborns. J Clin Invest 97 746-954.
    • (1996) J Clin Invest , vol.97 , pp. 746-954
    • Denne, S.C.1    Karn, C.A.2    Ahlrichs, J.A.3
  • 54
    • 0029005749 scopus 로고
    • Phenylalanine hydroxylase activity in preterm infants: is tyrosine a conditionally essential amino acid?
    • R.A. Kilani, F.S. Cole and D.M. Bier (1995) Phenylalanine hydroxylase activity in preterm infants: is tyrosine a conditionally essential amino acid? Am J Clin Nutr 61 1218-1223.
    • (1995) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.61 , pp. 1218-1223
    • Kilani, R.A.1    Cole, F.S.2    Bier, D.M.3
  • 55
    • 0019793249 scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen metabolism in preterm infants fed human donor breast milk: the possible essentiality of glycine
    • A.A. Jackson, J.C. Shaw, A. Barber, et al. (1981) Nitrogen metabolism in preterm infants fed human donor breast milk: the possible essentiality of glycine. Pediatr Res 15 1454-1461.
    • (1981) Pediatr Res , vol.15 , pp. 1454-1461
    • Jackson, A.A.1    Shaw, J.C.2    Barber, A.3
  • 56
    • 0029164213 scopus 로고
    • Decreased cysteine and proline synthesis in parenterally fed, premature infants
    • R.G. Miller, F. Jahoor and T. Jaksic (1995) Decreased cysteine and proline synthesis in parenterally fed, premature infants. J Pediatr Surg 30 953-957.
    • (1995) J Pediatr Surg , vol.30 , pp. 953-957
    • Miller, R.G.1    Jahoor, F.2    Jaksic, T.3
  • 57
    • 0030465199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamine: from basic science to clinical applications
    • T.R. Ziegler, E.E. Szeszycki, C.F. Estivariz, et al. (1996) Glutamine: from basic science to clinical applications. Nutrition 12(Suppl), S68-S70.
    • (1996) Nutrition , vol.12 , pp. S68-S70
    • Ziegler, T.R.1    Szeszycki, E.E.2    Estivariz, C.F.3
  • 58
    • 0030844172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enteral glutamine supplementation for very low birth weight infants decreases morbidity
    • J. Neu, J.C. Roig, W.H. Meetz, et al. (1997) Enteral glutamine supplementation for very low birth weight infants decreases morbidity. J Pediatr 131 691-699.
    • (1997) J Pediatr , vol.131 , pp. 691-699
    • Neu, J.1    Roig, J.C.2    Meetz, W.H.3
  • 59
    • 0019414497 scopus 로고
    • Intravenous nitrogen and energy intakes required to duplicate in utero nitrogen accretion in prematurely born human infants
    • S.H. Zlotkin, M.H. Bryan and G.H. Anderson (1981) Intravenous nitrogen and energy intakes required to duplicate in utero nitrogen accretion in prematurely born human infants. J Pediatr 99 115-120.
    • (1981) J Pediatr , vol.99 , pp. 115-120
    • Zlotkin, S.H.1    Bryan, M.H.2    Anderson, G.H.3
  • 60
    • 0012758242 scopus 로고
    • Plasma amino acids in infants receiving parenteral nutrition
    • H.L. Greene, M.A. Holliday, H.N. Munro (Eds), Chicago: American Medical Association
    • R.W. Winters, W.C. Heird, R.B. Dell, et al. (1977) Plasma amino acids in infants receiving parenteral nutrition. H.L. Greene, M.A. Holliday, H.N. Munro (Eds) Clinical Nutrition Update: Amino Acids Chicago: American Medical Association 147-157.
    • (1977) Clinical Nutrition Update: Amino Acids , pp. 147-157
    • Winters, R.W.1    Heird, W.C.2    Dell, R.B.3
  • 61
    • 0015044350 scopus 로고
    • Infusion of protein hydrolysates in the newborn infant: plasma amino acid concentrations
    • L.D. Stegink and G.L. Baker (1971) Infusion of protein hydrolysates in the newborn infant: plasma amino acid concentrations. J Pediatr 78 595-602.
    • (1971) J Pediatr , vol.78 , pp. 595-602
    • Stegink, L.D.1    Baker, G.L.2
  • 62
    • 0023637754 scopus 로고
    • Amino acid mixture designed to maintain normal plasma amino acid patterns in infants and children requiring parenteral nutrition
    • W.C. Heird, R.B. Dell, R.A. Helms, et al. (1987) Amino acid mixture designed to maintain normal plasma amino acid patterns in infants and children requiring parenteral nutrition. Pediatrics 80 401-408.
    • (1987) Pediatrics , vol.80 , pp. 401-408
    • Heird, W.C.1    Dell, R.B.2    Helms, R.A.3
  • 63
    • 0023829554 scopus 로고
    • Pediatric parenteral amino acid mixture in low birth weight infants
    • W.C. Heird, W. Hay, R.A. Helms, et al. (1988) Pediatric parenteral amino acid mixture in low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 81 41-50.
    • (1988) Pediatrics , vol.81 , pp. 41-50
    • Heird, W.C.1    Hay, W.2    Helms, R.A.3
  • 64
    • 0027312876 scopus 로고
    • Oxidant stress responses in premature infants during exposure to hyperoxia
    • C.V. Smith, T.N. Hansen, N.E. Martin, et al. (1993) Oxidant stress responses in premature infants during exposure to hyperoxia. Pediatr Res 34 360-365.
    • (1993) Pediatr Res , vol.34 , pp. 360-365
    • Smith, C.V.1    Hansen, T.N.2    Martin, N.E.3
  • 65
    • 9444290118 scopus 로고
    • Cysteine supplementation of very low birth weight infants receiving parenteral nutrition
    • S. Kashyap, A. Abildskov and W.C. Heird (1992) Cysteine supplementation of very low birth weight infants receiving parenteral nutrition. Pediatr Res 31 290A.
    • (1992) Pediatr Res , vol.31 , pp. 290A
    • Kashyap, S.1    Abildskov, A.2    Heird, W.C.3
  • 66
    • 9444248382 scopus 로고
    • Cysteine supplementation increases whole blood glutathione concentration in parenterally fed preterm infants
    • M.R. Mendoza, J.W. Sparks and A. Rivera (1993) Cysteine supplementation increases whole blood glutathione concentration in parenterally fed preterm infants. Pediatr Res 33 307A.
    • (1993) Pediatr Res , vol.33 , pp. 307A
    • Mendoza, M.R.1    Sparks, J.W.2    Rivera, A.3
  • 67
    • 0023158795 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of a pediatric versus standard amino acid formulation in preterm neonates requiring parenteral nutrition
    • R.A. Helms, M.L. Christensen, E.C. Mauer, et al. (1987) Comparison of a pediatric versus standard amino acid formulation in preterm neonates requiring parenteral nutrition. J Pediatr 110 466-470.
    • (1987) J Pediatr , vol.110 , pp. 466-470
    • Helms, R.A.1    Christensen, M.L.2    Mauer, E.C.3
  • 68
    • 0019493782 scopus 로고
    • The effect of varying protein quality and energy intake on the nitrogen metabolism of parenterally fed very low birth weight (less than 1600 g) infants
    • B. Duffy, T. Gunn, J. Collinge, et al. (1981) The effect of varying protein quality and energy intake on the nitrogen metabolism of parenterally fed very low birth weight (less than 1600 g) infants. Pediatr Res 15 1040-1044.
    • (1981) Pediatr Res , vol.15 , pp. 1040-1044
    • Duffy, B.1    Gunn, T.2    Collinge, J.3
  • 69
    • 0024555897 scopus 로고
    • An integrated analysis of glucose, fat, and protein metabolism in severely traumatized patients: studies in the basal state and the response to total parenteral nutrition
    • J.H. Shaw and R.R. Wolfe (1989) An integrated analysis of glucose, fat, and protein metabolism in severely traumatized patients: studies in the basal state and the response to total parenteral nutrition. Ann Surg 209 63-72.
    • (1989) Ann Surg , vol.209 , pp. 63-72
    • Shaw, J.H.1    Wolfe, R.R.2
  • 70
    • 0343144797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic response to injury and sepsis: changes in protein metabolism
    • G. Biolo, G. Toigo, B. Ciocchi, et al. (1997) Metabolic response to injury and sepsis: changes in protein metabolism. Nutrition 13(Suppl), 52S-57S.
    • (1997) Nutrition , vol.13 , pp. 52S-57S
    • Biolo, G.1    Toigo, G.2    Ciocchi, B.3
  • 72
    • 0019459213 scopus 로고
    • Urinary excretion of 3-methylhistidine: an assessment of muscle protein catabolism in adult normal subjects and during malnutrition, sepsis, and skeletal trauma
    • C.L. Long, R.H. Birkhahn, J.W. Geiger, et al. (1981) Urinary excretion of 3-methylhistidine: an assessment of muscle protein catabolism in adult normal subjects and during malnutrition, sepsis, and skeletal trauma. Metabolism 30 765-776.
    • (1981) Metabolism , vol.30 , pp. 765-776
    • Long, C.L.1    Birkhahn, R.H.2    Geiger, J.W.3
  • 73
    • 0028868656 scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of counterregulatory stress hormones on serum albumin concentrations and protein catabolism in healthy volunteers
    • H.J. Smeets, J. Kievit, H.I. Harinck, et al. (1995) Differential effects of counterregulatory stress hormones on serum albumin concentrations and protein catabolism in healthy volunteers. Nutrition 11 423-427.
    • (1995) Nutrition , vol.11 , pp. 423-427
    • Smeets, H.J.1    Kievit, J.2    Harinck, H.I.3
  • 74
    • 0037000656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of high doses of glucocorticoids on free amino acids, ribosomes and protein turnover in human muscle
    • E. Lofberg, A. Gutierrez, J. Wernerman, et al. (2002) Effects of high doses of glucocorticoids on free amino acids, ribosomes and protein turnover in human muscle. Eur J Clin Invest 32 345-353.
    • (2002) Eur J Clin Invest , vol.32 , pp. 345-353
    • Lofberg, E.1    Gutierrez, A.2    Wernerman, J.3
  • 75
    • 0012664233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic effects of norepinephrine and dobutamine in healthy volunteers
    • H. Ensinger, W. Geisser, A. Brinkmann, et al. (2002) Metabolic effects of norepinephrine and dobutamine in healthy volunteers. Shock 18 495-500.
    • (2002) Shock , vol.18 , pp. 495-500
    • Ensinger, H.1    Geisser, W.2    Brinkmann, A.3
  • 76
    • 0002783507 scopus 로고
    • Protein-energy malnutrition: challenges and controversies
    • J.C. Waterlow (1991) Protein-energy malnutrition: challenges and controversies. Proc Nutr Soc India 37 59-86.
    • (1991) Proc Nutr Soc India , vol.37 , pp. 59-86
    • Waterlow, J.C.1
  • 77
    • 0028271798 scopus 로고
    • Do the differences between the amino acid compositions of acute-phase and muscle proteins have a bearing on nitrogen loss in traumatic states?
    • P.J. Reeds, C.R. Fjeld and F. Jahoor (1994) Do the differences between the amino acid compositions of acute-phase and muscle proteins have a bearing on nitrogen loss in traumatic states? J Nutr 124 906-910.
    • (1994) J Nutr , vol.124 , pp. 906-910
    • Reeds, P.J.1    Fjeld, C.R.2    Jahoor, F.3
  • 79
    • 0022644371 scopus 로고
    • The effects of surgery on the nitrogen metabolism of parenterally fed human neonates
    • B. Duffy and P. Pencharz (1986) The effects of surgery on the nitrogen metabolism of parenterally fed human neonates. Pediatr Res 20 32.
    • (1986) Pediatr Res , vol.20 , pp. 32
    • Duffy, B.1    Pencharz, P.2
  • 80
    • 0022531641 scopus 로고
    • Effects of bacterial sepsis on protein metabolism in infants during the first week
    • G. Boehm, W. Handrick, F.B. Spencker, et al. (1986) Effects of bacterial sepsis on protein metabolism in infants during the first week. Biomed Biochim Acta 45 813-819.
    • (1986) Biomed Biochim Acta , vol.45 , pp. 813-819
    • Boehm, G.1    Handrick, W.2    Spencker, F.B.3
  • 81
    • 0034150829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of sepsis syndrome on neonatal protein and energy metabolism
    • J.D. Mrozek, M.K. Georgieff, B.R. Blazar, et al. (2000) Effect of sepsis syndrome on neonatal protein and energy metabolism. J Perinatol 20 96-100.
    • (2000) J Perinatol , vol.20 , pp. 96-100
    • Mrozek, J.D.1    Georgieff, M.K.2    Blazar, B.R.3
  • 82
    • 0018342184 scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial of glucose vs. glucose and amino acids in premature infants
    • T.L. Anderson, C.R. Muttart, M.A. Bieber, et al. (1979) A controlled trial of glucose vs. glucose and amino acids in premature infants. J Pediatr 94 947-951.
    • (1979) J Pediatr , vol.94 , pp. 947-951
    • Anderson, T.L.1    Muttart, C.R.2    Bieber, M.A.3
  • 83
    • 0027410550 scopus 로고
    • Effect of intravenous amino acids on protein metabolism of preterm infants during the first three days of life
    • A. Rivera Jr., E.F. Bell and D.M. Bier (1993) Effect of intravenous amino acids on protein metabolism of preterm infants during the first three days of life. Pediatr Res 33 106-111.
    • (1993) Pediatr Res , vol.33 , pp. 106-111
    • Rivera, A.1    Bell, E.F.2    Bier, D.M.3
  • 84
    • 0026573890 scopus 로고
    • Effects of early amino acid administration during total parenteral nutrition on protein metabolism in pre-term infants
    • R.A. van Lingen, J.B. van Goudoever, I.H. Luijendijk, et al. (1992) Effects of early amino acid administration during total parenteral nutrition on protein metabolism in pre-term infants. Clin Sci (Colch) 82 199-203.
    • (1992) Clin Sci (Colch) , vol.82 , pp. 199-203
    • van Lingen, R.A.1    van Goudoever, J.B.2    Luijendijk, I.H.3
  • 85
    • 0024456723 scopus 로고
    • Early parenteral feeding of amino acids
    • J. Saini, P. MacMahon, J.B. Morgan, et al. (1989) Early parenteral feeding of amino acids. Arch Dis Child 64 1362-1366.
    • (1989) Arch Dis Child , vol.64 , pp. 1362-1366
    • Saini, J.1    MacMahon, P.2    Morgan, J.B.3
  • 86
    • 0018608271 scopus 로고
    • Methionine fortification of a soy protein formula fed to infants
    • S.J. Fomon, E.E. Ziegler, L.J. Filer, et al. (1979) Methionine fortification of a soy protein formula fed to infants. Am J Clin Nutr 32 2460-2471.
    • (1979) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.32 , pp. 2460-2471
    • Fomon, S.J.1    Ziegler, E.E.2    Filer, L.J.3
  • 87
    • 0015290857 scopus 로고
    • Relationship of elevated blood tyrosine to the ultimate intellectual performance of premature infants
    • J.H. Menkes, D.W. Welcher, H.S. Levi, et al. (1972) Relationship of elevated blood tyrosine to the ultimate intellectual performance of premature infants. Pediatrics 49 218-224.
    • (1972) Pediatrics , vol.49 , pp. 218-224
    • Menkes, J.H.1    Welcher, D.W.2    Levi, H.S.3
  • 88
    • 0023280183 scopus 로고
    • Protein quality in feeding low birth weight infants: a comparison of whey-predominant versus casein-predominant formulas
    • S. Kashyap, E. Okamoto, S. Kanaya, et al. (1987) Protein quality in feeding low birth weight infants: a comparison of whey-predominant versus casein-predominant formulas. Pediatrics 79 748-755.
    • (1987) Pediatrics , vol.79 , pp. 748-755
    • Kashyap, S.1    Okamoto, E.2    Kanaya, S.3
  • 89
    • 0017069785 scopus 로고
    • Milk protein quality in low-birth-weight infants. I. Metabolic response and effects on growth
    • N.C. Räihä, K. Heinonen, D.K. Rassin, et al. (1976) Milk protein quality in low-birth-weight infants. I. Metabolic response and effects on growth. Pediatrics 57 659-684.
    • (1976) Pediatrics , vol.57 , pp. 659-684
    • Räihä, N.C.1    Heinonen, K.2    Rassin, D.K.3
  • 90
    • 0000262679 scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen balance as related to caloric and protein intake in active young men
    • D.H. Calloway and H. Spector (1954) Nitrogen balance as related to caloric and protein intake in active young men. Am J Clin Nutr 2 405-412.
    • (1954) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.2 , pp. 405-412
    • Calloway, D.H.1    Spector, H.2
  • 91
    • 0000652180 scopus 로고
    • General aspects of the regulation of protein metabolism by diet and by hormones. III. Influence of dietary carbohydrate and fat on protein metabolism
    • H.N. Munro (Eds), New York: Academic Press
    • H.N. Munro (1964) General aspects of the regulation of protein metabolism by diet and by hormones. III. Influence of dietary carbohydrate and fat on protein metabolism. H.N. Munro (Eds) Mammalian Protein Metabolism New York: Academic Press 412-447.
    • (1964) Mammalian Protein Metabolism , pp. 412-447
    • Munro, H.N.1
  • 92
    • 0023911187 scopus 로고
    • Total parenteral nutrition in the newborn: impact of the quality of infused energy on nitrogen metabolism
    • M. Pineault, P. Chessex, S. Bisaillon, et al. (1988) Total parenteral nutrition in the newborn: impact of the quality of infused energy on nitrogen metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr 47 298-304.
    • (1988) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.47 , pp. 298-304
    • Pineault, M.1    Chessex, P.2    Bisaillon, S.3
  • 93
    • 0028302227 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a mathematical model for predicting the relationship between protein and energy intakes of low-birth-weight infants and the rate and composition of weight gain
    • S. Kashyap, K.F. Schulze, R. Ramakrishnan, et al. (1994) Evaluation of a mathematical model for predicting the relationship between protein and energy intakes of low-birth-weight infants and the rate and composition of weight gain. Pediatr Res 35 704-712.
    • (1994) Pediatr Res , vol.35 , pp. 704-712
    • Kashyap, S.1    Schulze, K.F.2    Ramakrishnan, R.3
  • 94
    • 0017359921 scopus 로고
    • Effect of carbohydrate and fat intake on nitrogen excretion during total intravenous feeding
    • J.M. Long III, D.W. Wilmore, A.D. Mason Jr., et al. (1977) Effect of carbohydrate and fat intake on nitrogen excretion during total intravenous feeding. Ann Surg 185 417-422.
    • (1977) Ann Surg , vol.185 , pp. 417-422
    • Long, J.M.1    Wilmore, D.W.2    Mason, A.D.3
  • 95
    • 0034871798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of quality of energy on growth and metabolic response in enterally fed low birth weight infants
    • S. Kashyap, K. Ohira-Kist, K. Abildskov, et al. (2001) Effects of quality of energy on growth and metabolic response in enterally fed low birth weight infants. Pediatr Res 50 390-397.
    • (2001) Pediatr Res , vol.50 , pp. 390-397
    • Kashyap, S.1    Ohira-Kist, K.2    Abildskov, K.3
  • 96
    • 2342601598 scopus 로고
    • The effect of dietary energy and protein on growth as studied in animal models
    • S.J. Fomon, W.C. Heird (Eds), New York: Academic Press
    • D.J. Millward and J.P.W. Rivers (1986) The effect of dietary energy and protein on growth as studied in animal models. S.J. Fomon, W.C. Heird (Eds) Energy and Protein Needs During Infancy New York: Academic Press 127-156.
    • (1986) Energy and Protein Needs During Infancy , pp. 127-156
    • Millward, D.J.1    Rivers, J.P.W.2
  • 97
    • 0019815431 scopus 로고
    • Diet, fat accretion and growth in premature infants
    • B. Reichman, P. Chessex, G. Putet, et al. (1981) Diet, fat accretion and growth in premature infants. N Engl J Med 305 1495-1500.
    • (1981) N Engl J Med , vol.305 , pp. 1495-1500
    • Reichman, B.1    Chessex, P.2    Putet, G.3
  • 98
    • 0023279137 scopus 로고
    • Energy expenditure, energy balance and composition of weight gain in low birth weight infants fed diets of different protein and energy content
    • K.F. Schulze, M. Stefanski, J. Masterson, et al. (1987) Energy expenditure, energy balance and composition of weight gain in low birth weight infants fed diets of different protein and energy content. J Pediatr 110 753-759.
    • (1987) J Pediatr , vol.110 , pp. 753-759
    • Schulze, K.F.1    Stefanski, M.2    Masterson, J.3
  • 99
    • 0021028808 scopus 로고
    • Energy balance and nitrogen balance in growing low birth weight infants fed human milk or formula
    • R.K. Whyte, R. Haslam, C. Vlainic, et al. (1983) Energy balance and nitrogen balance in growing low birth weight infants fed human milk or formula. Pediatr Res 17 891-898.
    • (1983) Pediatr Res , vol.17 , pp. 891-898
    • Whyte, R.K.1    Haslam, R.2    Vlainic, C.3
  • 100
    • 0016440931 scopus 로고
    • Elemental balances during intravenous hyperalimentation of underweight adult subjects
    • D. Rudman, W.J. Millikan, T.J. Richardson, et al. (1975) Elemental balances during intravenous hyperalimentation of underweight adult subjects. J Clin Invest 55 94-104.
    • (1975) J Clin Invest , vol.55 , pp. 94-104
    • Rudman, D.1    Millikan, W.J.2    Richardson, T.J.3
  • 101
    • 0002395997 scopus 로고
    • Changes in body proportion and composition during growth
    • J. Davis, J. Dobbing (Eds), Philadelphia: Saunders
    • E.M. Widdowson (1974) Changes in body proportion and composition during growth. J. Davis, J. Dobbing (Eds) Scientific Foundations of Pediatrics Philadelphia: Saunders 153-163.
    • (1974) Scientific Foundations of Pediatrics , pp. 153-163
    • Widdowson, E.M.1
  • 102
    • 0021928037 scopus 로고
    • Insulin as a growth factor
    • D.J. Hill and R.D.G. Milner (1985) Insulin as a growth factor. Pediatr Res 19 879-886.
    • (1985) Pediatr Res , vol.19 , pp. 879-886
    • Hill, D.J.1    Milner, R.D.G.2
  • 103
    • 0022338995 scopus 로고
    • Insulin-mediated reduction of whole body protein breakdown: dose-response effects on leucine metabolism in postabsorptive men
    • N.K. Fukagawa, K.L. Minaker, J.W. Rowe, et al. (1985) Insulin-mediated reduction of whole body protein breakdown: dose-response effects on leucine metabolism in postabsorptive men. J Clin Invest 76 2306-2311.
    • (1985) J Clin Invest , vol.76 , pp. 2306-2311
    • Fukagawa, N.K.1    Minaker, K.L.2    Rowe, J.W.3
  • 104
    • 0022543887 scopus 로고
    • Dose-response curves of effects of insulin on leucine kinetics in humans
    • P. Tessari, R. Trevisan, S. Inchiostro, et al. (1986) Dose-response curves of effects of insulin on leucine kinetics in humans. Am J Physiol 251 E334-E342.
    • (1986) Am J Physiol , vol.251 , pp. E334-E342
    • Tessari, P.1    Trevisan, R.2    Inchiostro, S.3
  • 105
    • 0031815136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exogenous insulin reduces proteolysis and protein synthesis in extremely low birth weight infants
    • B.B. Pointdexter, C.A. Karn and S.C. Denne (1998) Exogenous insulin reduces proteolysis and protein synthesis in extremely low birth weight infants. J Pediatr 132 948-953.
    • (1998) J Pediatr , vol.132 , pp. 948-953
    • Pointdexter, B.B.1    Karn, C.A.2    Denne, S.C.3
  • 107
    • 0028033937 scopus 로고
    • Use of a leucine clamp to demonstrate that IGF-I actively stimulates protein synthesis in normal humans
    • D.L. Russell-Jones, A.M. Umpleby, T.R. Hennessy, et al. (1994) Use of a leucine clamp to demonstrate that IGF-I actively stimulates protein synthesis in normal humans. Am J Physiol 267 E591-E598.
    • (1994) Am J Physiol , vol.267 , pp. E591-E598
    • Russell-Jones, D.L.1    Umpleby, A.M.2    Hennessy, T.R.3
  • 108
    • 0037376009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein anabolic effects of insulin and IGF-I in the ovine fetus
    • W. Shen, P. Wisniowski, L. Ahmed, et al. (2002) Protein anabolic effects of insulin and IGF-I in the ovine fetus. Am J Physiol 284 E748-E756.
    • (2002) Am J Physiol , vol.284 , pp. E748-E756
    • Shen, W.1    Wisniowski, P.2    Ahmed, L.3
  • 109
    • 0024390712 scopus 로고
    • Beneficial effects of growth hormone treatment in GH-deficient adults
    • J.O. Jorgensen, et al. (1989) Beneficial effects of growth hormone treatment in GH-deficient adults. Lancet 1 1221-1225.
    • (1989) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 1221-1225
    • Jorgensen, J.O.1
  • 110
    • 0024854194 scopus 로고
    • The effects of treatment with recombinant human growth hormone on body composition and metabolism in adults with growth hormone deficiency
    • F. Salomon, R.C. Cuneo, R. Hesp, et al. (1989) The effects of treatment with recombinant human growth hormone on body composition and metabolism in adults with growth hormone deficiency. N Engl J Med 321 1797-1803.
    • (1989) N Engl J Med , vol.321 , pp. 1797-1803
    • Salomon, F.1    Cuneo, R.C.2    Hesp, R.3
  • 111
    • 0025818655 scopus 로고
    • Growth hormone acutely stimulates forearm muscle protein synthesis in normal humans
    • D.A. Fryburg, R.A. Gelfand and E.J. Barrett (1991) Growth hormone acutely stimulates forearm muscle protein synthesis in normal humans. Am J Physiol 260 E499-E504.
    • (1991) Am J Physiol , vol.260 , pp. E499-E504
    • Fryburg, D.A.1    Gelfand, R.A.2    Barrett, E.J.3
  • 112
    • 0025330710 scopus 로고
    • Human growth hormone prevents the protein catabolic side effects of prednisone in humans
    • E.F. Horber and M.W. Haymond (1990) Human growth hormone prevents the protein catabolic side effects of prednisone in humans. J Clin Invest 86 265-272.
    • (1990) J Clin Invest , vol.86 , pp. 265-272
    • Horber, E.F.1    Haymond, M.W.2
  • 113
    • 0031008362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth hormone does not prevent catabolic side effects of dexamethasone in extremely low birth weight preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a pilot study
    • G. Tonini, T. Pahor, F. Colonna, et al. (1997) Growth hormone does not prevent catabolic side effects of dexamethasone in extremely low birth weight preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a pilot study. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 10 291-294.
    • (1997) J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab , vol.10 , pp. 291-294
    • Tonini, G.1    Pahor, T.2    Colonna, F.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.