Russian icebreakers for tourism and science in polar regions - Changes due to climate change

Proceedings of the International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions, POAC

Volumn 2, Issue , 2009, Pages 743-753

  Splettstoesser, John ^a   Headland, Robert ^b  

^a Polar Consultant and Advisor to IAATO   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE CHANGE; ICE; OCEAN ENGINEERING; POLES; TRANSPORTATION ROUTES;

AUSTRAL SUMMERS; DIESEL-ELECTRIC VESSELS; DISTANT FUTURES; ICE CONDITIONS; NORTHERN SEA ROUTES; NORTHWEST PASSAGE; PASSENGER TRANSPORT; SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN;

ICEBREAKERS;

EID: 84901308050     PISSN: 03766756     EISSN: 20777841     Source Type: Conference Proceeding    
DOI: None     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (36)

1. Association of Arctic Expedition Cruise Operators (AECO), www.aeco.no.
2. Brigham, L.W. 1999. Soviet-Russian polar icebreakers: changing fortunes, U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, January: 89-90.
3. Brigham, L.W. 2000. Polar icebreakers at the end of the Twentieth Century, Polar Record, 36(198): 247-249.
4. Crosbie, K., and J. Splettstoesser 1997. Circumnavigation of James Ross Island, Polar Record, 33(187): 341.
5. Gascard, J.-C., et al. 2008. Exploring Arctic transpolar drift during dramatic sea ice retreat, Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 89(3): 21-22.
6. Gavrilo, M. 1997. Antarctic circumnavigation in austral summer (1996-97) Preliminary results of sea bird and mammal survey, Korean Journal of Polar Research, 8(1/2): 105-111.
7. Haas, C., A. Pfaffing, S. Hendricks, L. Rabenstein, J.-L. Etienne, and I. Rigor 2008. Reduced ice thickness in Arctic transpolar drift favors rapid ice retreat, Geophysical Research Letters, 35, L17501, doi:10.1029/2008GL034457.
8. Harbron, J.D. 1983. Modern icebreakers, Scientific American, 249(6): 49-55.
9. Headland, R. K. and Ledingham, R. B. 2004, Observations while visiting the Heard Island group, November 2003, Aurora, 23 (3); 26-27.
10. Headland, R.K., and J. Splettstoesser 1999. First circumnavigation of the Arctic by tourist ship, Polar Geography, 23(3): 205-208.
11. Hindell, M.A. and C.R. McMahon 2000. Long distance movement of a southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) from Macquarie Island to Peter I Øy, Marine Mammal Science, 16(2): 504-507.
12. International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO). www.iaato.org.
13. Lea, Mary-Anne and Tim Soper 2005. Discovery of the first Emperor Penguin Aptenodytes forsteri colony in Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica, Marine Ornithology, 33: 59-60.
14. Messick, M., J.F. Splettstoesser, P. Harrison, and M. Gavrilo 1999. New breeding site for Emperor Penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) on Princess Martha Coast, Queen Maud Land, Antarctica, Polar Record, 35(193): 156- 157.
15. Nilsen, Thorvald. 1912. The Voyage of Fram, in Amundsen, Roald 1912. The South Pole. London: John Murray.
16. Overland, J., J. Turner, J. Francis, N. Gillett, G. Marshall, and M. Tjernstrøm 2008. The Arctic and Antarctic: Two faces of climate change, Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 89(19): 177-178.
17. Pullen, T.C. and C. Swithinbank 1991. Transits of the Northwest Passage, 1906-1990, Polar Record, 27(163): 363- 367.
18. Rothrock, D.A., Y. Yu. and G.A. Maykut 1999. Thinning of Arctic sea-ice cover. Geophysical Research Letters, 26: 3469-3472.
19. Rott, H., P. Skvarca and T. Nagler 1996. Rapid collapse of northern Larsen Ice Shelf, Antarctica, Science, 271: 788- 792.
20. Sísteních, F. 2007. Frühlings erwachen um Nordpol, An Bord, 4; 3-8.
21. Splettstoesser, J. 1992. Antarctic global warming?, Nature, 355: 503.
22. Splettstoesser, J. 1993. The first transit of the Northwest Passage by Russian icebreaker, Polar Record, 29(169): 148.
23. Splettstoesser, J. 1997. Mortality among chicks in the Emperor Penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) colony at Riiser- Larsen Ice Shelf, Antarctica, Polar Record, 33(184): 63-64.
24. Splettstoesser, J.F., R.K. Headland, and F. Todd 1997. First circumnavigation of Antarctica by tourist ship, Polar Record, 33(186): 244-245.
25. Splettstoesser, J. and F.S. Todd 1998. Further observations of beak deformations in Emperor Penguin Aptenodytes forsteri chicks, Marine Ornithology, 26: 79.
26. Splettstoesser, J. and F.S. Todd 1999. Stomach stones from Emperor Penguin Aptenodytes forsteri colonies in the Weddell Sea, Marine Ornithology, 27: 97-99.
27. Splettstoesser, J.F., M. Gavrilo, Carmen Field, Conrad Field, P. Harrison M. Messick, P. Oxford, and F.S. Todd 2000. Notes on Antarctic wildlife: Ross Seals Ommatophoca rossii and Emperor Penguins Aptenosytes forsteri, New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 27(2): 137-142.
28. Stroeve, J. et al. 2008. Arctic sea ice extent plummets in 2007, Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 89(2): 13-14.
29. Todd, F.S., R.K. Headland, and N. Lasca 1992. Animals at the North Pole, Polar Record, 28(167): 321-322.
30. Todd, F.S., J.F. Splettstoesser, R. Ledingham, and M. Gavrilo 1999. Observations in some Emperor Penguin Aptenodytes forsteri colonies in East Antarctica, Emu, 99(2): 142-145.
31. Todd, F.S., Susan Adie, and J.F. Splettstoesser 2004. First ground visit to the Emperor Penguin Aptenodytes forsteri colony at Snow Hill Island, Weddell Sea, Antarctica, Marine Ornithology, 32: 193-194.
32. Toomey, P.R.M. 2001. Explanation for the reported thinning of sea ice at the North Pole, Polar Record, 37(201): 171-172.
33. Tucker, W. and D. Cate, editors 1996. The 1994 Arctic Ocean Section: The first major scientific crossing of the Arctic Ocean, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH, 117 p.
34. van Meurs, Rinie, and J.F. Splettstoesser 2003. Farthest north polar bear (Ursus maritimus), Arctic, 56(3): 309.
35. Vaughan, D.G., and T. Lachlan-Cope 1995. Recent retreat of ice shelves on the Antarctic Peninsula, Weather, 50: 374-376.
36. Vuilleumier, François 1995. A large colony of Ivory Gulls Pagophila eburnean on Victoria Island, Russia, Alauda 63 (2): 135-148.