Are the 10 meter and 6 minute walk tests redundant in patients with spinal cord injury?

PLoS ONE

Volumn 9, Issue 5, 2014, Pages

  Forrest, Gail F ^a,b   Hutchinson, Karen ^c   Lorenz, Douglas J ^d   Buehner, Jeffrey J ^e   VanHiel, Leslie R ^f   Sisto, Sue Ann ^g   Basso, D Michele ^h  

^a KESSLER FOUNDATION   (United States)

^b RUTGERS NEW JERSEY MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^c BOSTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE   (United States)

^e THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY WEXNER MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^f SHEPHERD CENTER   (United States)

^g STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^h OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; EXPERIMENTAL LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY TEST; FEMALE; FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; GAIT; HUMAN; LOCOMOTION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; OUTPATIENT; PHYSICAL CAPACITY; PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; SCORING SYSTEM; SPINAL CORD INJURY; WALKING SPEED; WALKING TEST; ADULT; KINESIOTHERAPY; MIDDLE AGED; SPINAL CORD INJURIES; TREATMENT OUTCOME; WALKING;

ADULT; EXERCISE THERAPY; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; SPINAL CORD INJURIES; TREATMENT OUTCOME; WALKING;

EID: 84901233769     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094108     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Ditunno JF Jr, Burns AS, Marino RJ (2005) Neurological and functional capacity outcome measures: essential to spinal cord injury clinical trials, J Rehabil Res Dev. 42: 35-41. (Pubitemid 44420712)
2. Jackson AB, Carnel CT, Ditunno JF, Read MS, Boninger ML, et al. (2008) Outcome measures for gait and ambulation in the spinal cord injury population, J Spinal Cord Med 31: 487-499.
3. Tyson S, Connell L (2009) The psychometric properties and clinical utility of measures of walking and mobility in neurological conditions: a systematic review, Clin Rehabil 23: 1018-1033.
4. Barbeau H, Elashoff R, DeForge D, Ditunno J, Saulino M, et al. (2007) Comparison of speeds used for the 15.2-meter and 6-minute walks over the year after an incomplete spinal cord injury: the SCILT Trial, Neurorehabil Neural Repair 21: 302-306. (Pubitemid 46871861)
5. van Hedel HJ, Dietz V, Curt A (2007) Assessment of walking speed and distance in subjects with an incomplete spinal cord injury, Neurorehabil Neural Repair 21: 295-301. (Pubitemid 46871856)
6. Steffen TM, Hacker TA, Mollinger L (2002) Age- and gender-related test performance in community-dwelling elderly people: Six-Minute Walk Test, Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up & Go Test, and gait speeds, Phys Ther. 82: 128-137. (Pubitemid 34112999)
7. Dobkin BH (2006) Short-distance walking speed and timed walking distance: redundant measures for clinical trials?, Neurology 66: 584-586.
8. Forrest GF, Lorenz DJ, Hutchinson K, Vanhiel LR, Basso DM (2012) Ambulation and balance outcomes measure different aspects of recovery in individuals with chronic, incomplete spinal cord injury, Arch Phys Med Rehabil 93: 1553-1564.
9. van Hedel HJ, Wirz M, Dietz V (2005) Assessing walking ability in subjects with spinal cord injury: validity and reliability of 3 walking tests, Arch Phys Med Rehabil 86: 190-6. (Pubitemid 40215278)
10. van Hedel HJ, Wirth B, Dietz V (2005) Limits of locomotor ability in subjects with a spinal cord injury, Spinal Cord 43: 593-603. (Pubitemid 41486867)
11. van Hedel HJ (2009) Gait speed in relation to categories of functional ambulation after spinal cord injury, Neurorehabil Neural Repair: 23343-350.
12. Field-Fote EC, Fluet GG, Schafer SD, Schneider EM, Smith R, et al. (2001) The Spinal Cord Injury Functional Ambulation Inventory (SCI-FAI), J Rehabil Med 33: 177-81. (Pubitemid 32700479)
13. Buehner JJ, Forrest GF, Schmidt-Read M, White S, Tansey K (2012) Relationship Between ASIA Examination and Functional Outcomes in the NeuroRecovery Network Locomotor Training Program, Arch Phys Med Rehabil 93: 1530-1540.
14. Behrman AK, Lawless-Dixon AR, Davis SB, Bowden MG, Nair P, et al. (2005) Locomotor training progression and outcomes after incomplete spinal cord injury, Phys Ther 85: 1356-71. (Pubitemid 41746281)
15. Behrman AL, Harkema SJ (2000) Locomotor training after human spinal cord injury: a series of case studies, Phys Ther 80: 688-700. (Pubitemid 30441698)
16. Harkema SJ, Schmidt-Read M, Lorenz DJ, Edgerton VR, Behrman AL (2012) Balance and ambulation improvements in individuals with chronic incomplete spinal cord injury using locomotor training-based rehabilitation, Arch Phys Med Rehabil 93: 1508-1517.
17. Brooks D, Solway S, Gibbons WJ (2003) ATS statement on six-minute walk test, Am. J Respir. Crit Care Med 167: 1287.
18. Pinheiro JC, Bates DM (2000) Mixed Effects Models in S and S-Plus., Springer Verlag, New York.
19. Lorenz DJ, Datta S, Harkema SJ (2011) Marginal association measures for clustered data, Stat.Med 30: 3181-3191.
20. Hochberg Y (1988) A sharper Bonferroni procedure for multiple tests of significance. Biometrika 75: 800-8002.
21. Beckerman H, Roebroeck ME, Lankhorst GJ, Becher JG, Bezemer PD, et al. (2001) Smallest real difference, a link between reproducibility and responsiveness, Qual.Life Res 10: 571-578. (Pubitemid 34056327)
22. Tilson JK, Sullivan KJ, Cen SY, Rose DK, Koradia CH, et al. (2010) Meaningful gait speed improvement during the first 60 days poststroke: minimal clinically important difference, Phys Ther. 90: 196-208.
23. YOUDEN WJ (1950) Index for rating diagnostic tests, Cancer 3 32-35.
24. R Development Core Team (2011) A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. The R Foundation for Statistical Computing. 11-11-2011. Ref Type: Electronic Citation
25. Harkema SJ, Schmidt-Read M, Lorenz D, Edgerton VR, Behrman AL (2011) Balance and Ambulation Improvements in Individuals With Chronic Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury Using Locomotor Training-Based Rehabilitation, Arch Phys Med Rehabil Sep; 93(9): 1508-17.
26. DeVivo MJ (2012) Epidemiology of traumatic spinal cord injury: trends and future implications, Spinal Cord 50: 365-372.
27. van Hedel HJ, Dietz V (2009) Walking during daily life can be validly and responsively assessed in subjects with a spinal cord injury, Neurorehabil Neural Repair 23: 117-124.
28. Lam T, Noonan VK, Eng JJ (2008) A systematic review of functional ambulation outcome measures in spinal cord injury, Spinal Cord 46: 246-254. (Pubitemid 351498868)
29. Dixon RE, Ellaway PH, Hansen SM, Pascoe JE (1969) Regularizing of fusimotor discharges by a descending 5-hydroxy-tryptaminergic pathway, J Physiol 202: 68P-69P.
30. Wirz M, Zorner B, Rupp R, Dietz V (2010) Outcome after incomplete spinal cord injury: central cord versus Brown-Sequard syndrome, Spinal Cord 48: 407-414.
31. Kim CM, Eng JJ, Whittaker MW (2004) Level walking and ambulatory capacity in persons with incomplete spinal cord injury: relationship with muscle strength, Spinal Cord 42: 156-162. (Pubitemid 38406572)
32. Musselman KE, Yang JF (2007) Walking tasks encountered by urban-dwelling adults and persons with incomplete spinal cord injuries, J Rehabil Med 39: 567-574. (Pubitemid 47455226)
33. Musselman K (2007) Clinical Significance Testing In Rehabilitation Research: What, Why, And How?, Physical Therapy Reviews 12: 287-296.
34. Lemay JF, Nadeau S (2010) Standing balance assessment in ASIA D paraplegic and tetraplegic participants: concurrent validity of the Berg Balance Scale, Spinal Cord 48: 245-250.