Prison writers and the Black Arts Movement

New Thoughts on the Black Arts Movement

Volumn 9780813541075, Issue , 2006, Pages 297-316

  Bernstein, Lee ^a  

^a STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84901186463     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (83)

1. John Marc Taylor, "Pell Grants for Prisons", in Doing Time: 25 Years of Prison Writing-A PEN American Center Prize Anthology, ed. Bell Gale Chevigny (New York: Arcade Publishing, 1999), 111.
2. "Inside These Walls", Etheridge Knight and other inmates of Indiana State Prison, Black Voices from Prison (New York: Pathfinder Press, 1970), 135.
3. Folsom Creative Writers Workshop, Captive Voices: Echoes Off the Walls III, An Anthology of Works by Folsom Writers (Paradise, CA: Dustbooks, 1975);
4. Michael Hogan, ed. Do Not Go Gentle: Poetry and Prose from Behind the Walls, (Tuscon, AZ: Blue Moon Press, 1977);
5. Frank Graziano, ed., A Season in the Hour: Poems from the Prisons of South Carolina, (Columbia: South Carolina Arts Commission, 1978). They were funded by the National Endowment for the Arts.
6. Liz Lerman, "Arts-in-Corrections: Art from California Prisons", in Art in Other Places: Artists at Work in America's Community and Social Institutions (Center for the Study of Art and Community, 2000). Available on-line at http://www.artandcommunity.com/aopcorrex.html.
7. Faith G. Norris, "Preface", in Men in Exile: An Anthology of Creative Writing by Inmates of the Oregon State Penitentiary, ed. Faith G. Norris and Sharon J. Springer (Corvallis: Oregon State University Press, 1973), 8.
8. Richard Shelton, "Preface", in Do Not Go Gentle: Poetry and Prose from Behind the Walls, iii.
9. Bell Gale Chevigny, "Introduction", Doing Time: 25 Years of Prison Writing-A PEN American Center Prize Anthology, ed. Bell Gale Chevigny (New York: Arcade Publishing, 1999), xx.
10. Stuart Adams, The San Quentin Prison College Project, Final Report, Phase 1 (Berkeley: School of Criminology, University of California, April 1968), 1.
11. John Marc Taylor, "Pell Grants for Prisons", in Doing Time, 107.
12. Nathan F. Leopold, Life Plus 99 Years (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1958), 222-37.
13. Paul Goodman quoted in Adams, The San Quentin Prison College Project, 24.
14. W. Reason Campbell, Dead Man Walking: Teaching in a Maximum Security Prison (New York: Richard Marek Publishers, 1978), 30.
15. Report on Corrections (Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1973), 474.
16. Jimmy Santiago Baca, Working in the Dark: Reflections of a Poet of the Barrio (Santa Fe: Red Crane Books, 1992), 8.
17. Jimmy Santiago Baca, A Place to Stand: The Making of a Poet (New York: Grove Press, 2001), 162.
18. Adams, The San Quentin Prison College Project, 27.
19. Jean Harris, "They Always Call Us Ladies": Stories from Prison (New York: Scribner's, 1988), 53-55;
20. Estelle B. Freedman, Their Sisters' Keepers: Women's Prison Reform in America, 1830-1930 (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1981), 116-18.
21. Scott Christianson, With Liberty for Some: 500 Years of Imprisonment in America (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1998), 197-98.
22. Juno Bakali Tshombe (previously known as Craig Dee Anderson), "Psychological Warfare at Norfolk Prison Camp", in Norfolk Prison Brothers, Who Took the Weight?: Black Voices from Norfolk Prison (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1972), 95.
23. D. Ross Pugmire, The Administration of Personnel in Correctional Institutions (New York: Bureau of Publications, Teachers College, 1937), 14-15.
24. R. L. Mosely, "An Old-Timer Looks at 42 Years Behind Prison Walls", in Black Voices from Prison, 71-72
25. Elma Lewis, "Foreword", in Who Took the Weight?, xiv. The Elma Lewis Technical Theater Training Program of the Massachusetts Correctional Institution, Norfolk was a project of the Boston-based National Center of Afro-American Artists.
26. Tshombe, "Psychological Warfare at Norfolk Prison Camp", in Who Took the Weight?, 95.
27. Malcolm X, The Autobiography of Malcolm X (New York: Balantine, 1964), 182.
28. Richard Brent Turner, Islam in the African American Experience (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997), 182.
29. Asma Gull Hasnan, American Mulims: The New Generation (New York: Contiuum, 2000), 75.
30. Lawrence H. Mamiya and C. Eric Lincoln, "Nation of Islam", in Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History (New York: Macmillan, 1996), 1966-69, and
31. C. Eric Lincoln, The Black Muslims in America (Boston: Beacon Press, 1961).
32. Benny Andrews, Echoes: Prisons, U. S. A. (New York: The Studio Museum in Harlem, n. d. [1977]), n. p.
33. Doloris Holmes, "Interview with Cliff Joseph, 1972", Smithsonian Archives of American Art. Available on-line at: http://artarchives.si.edu/oralhist/joseph72.htm.
34. Stephen C. Dubin, Displays of Power: Memory and Amnesia in the American Museum (New York: New York University Press, 1999).
35. Etheridge Knight, "Inside These Walls", 137.
36. David Lionel Smith, "Black Arts Movement", in Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History, 327.
37. Christianson, With Liberty for Some, 268;
38. Bert Useem and Peter Kimball, States of Siege: U. S. Prison Riots, 1971-1986 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989).
39. Edward Bunker, "War Behind Walls", Harper's Magazine (February 1972): 39-47.
40. Burtono M. Atkins and Henry R. Glick, Prisons, Protest, and Politics (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1972), 60-76.
41. Zayd Shakur, "America is the Prison", in Off the Pigs! The History and Literature of the Black Panther Party, ed. G. Louis Heath (Metuchen, NJ: The Scarecrow Press, 1976), 247-80. Author was "Deputy Minister of Information" Black Panther Party, State of New York, 1370 Boston Road, Bronx, New York. This was a mimeographed article collected in NYC on October 17, 1970.
42. Roberta Ann Johnson, "The Prison Birth of Black Power", Journal of Black Studies 5:4(June 1975):395-414.
43. Huey P. Newton. "Eulogy for Jonathan Jackson and William Christmas." Delivered at St. Augustine's Church, Twenty-Seventh and West Streets, Oakland, California, August 15, 1970. Reprinted in Off the Pigs!, 322-23. Emphasis in original.
44. George Jackson, Soledad Brother: The Prison Letters of George Jackson (New York: Bantam, 1970)
45. Johnson, "Prison Birth", 36.
46. Hettie Jones, How I Became Hettie Jones (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1990), 143-44.
47. Amiri Baraka, The Autobiography of LeRoi Jones (New York: Freundlich Books, 1984), 280.
48. Amiri Baraka, Raise Race Rays Raze: Essays Since 1965 (New York: Random House, 1971).
49. "Newark Courthouse-'66 Wreck (Nigger Rec Room)", 3-9, and
50. "From: The Book of Life", 49-55.
51. Amiri Baraka, "Police", The Drama Review 12:4(1968):3-12.
52. Baraka, Autobiography, 273.
53. Marvin X, "Take Care of Business", The Drama Review 12:4(1968):29-124.
54. Larry Neal, "The Black Arts Movement." in Visions of a Liberated Future: Black Arts Movement Writings (New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 1989), 62.
55. H. Bruce Franklin, "Songs of an Imprisoned People", MELUS 6:1(Spring 1979):6-22.
56. Larry Neal, "Shine Goes to Jail" in Visions of a Liberated Future, 175.
57. LeRoi Jones, "Black Art." Reprinted in Larry Neal, "Black Arts Movement", in Visions of a Liberated Future, 65
58. Baraka, "Police", 1.
59. Neal, "Black Arts Movement", 66.
60. Larry Neal, "Brother Pimp", in Visions of a Liberated Future, 216-17.
61. H. Bruce Franklin, Prison Writing in 20th Century America (New York: Penguin, 1998), 167.
62. Clarence Major, "Introduction", The New Black Poetry (New York: International Publishers, 1969), 11;
63. Patricia Liggins Hill, "'The Violent Space': The Function of the New Black Aesthetic in Etheridge Knight's Prison Poetry", Black American Literature Forum 14:3(Fall 1980):115.
64. Black Writers of America: A Comprehensive Anthology, ed. Richard Barksdale and Keneth Kinnamon (New York: Macmillan, 1972), 759-61.
65. Juno Bakali Tshombe/Craig Dee Anderson, "The Only for Real People (Two Pimps' View of Black People and the National Liberation Movement", in Who Took the Weight?, 8-13.
66. Juno Bakali Tshombe/Craig Dee Anderson, "discovering myself", in Who Took the Weight?, 27.
67. James A. Lang, "A Letter for James Andrew Lang, Jr. (Age Six)", in Who Took the Weight?, 61-62.
68. James A. Lang, "The (Un?) Making of a Revolutionary", in Who Took the Weight?, 133-37.
69. Pancho Aguila, "Boomerang", in Captive Voices: Echoes Off the Walls III, An Anthology of Works by Folsom Writers (Paradise, CA: Dustbooks, 1975), 9.
70. Carolyn Baxter, Prison Solitary and Other Free Government Services, (Greenfield Center, NY: The Greenfield Review Press, 1979).
71. Huey Newton and Ericka Huggins, Insights & Poems (San Francisco: City Lights Books, 1975);
72. Wall Tappings: An Anthology of Writings by Women Prisoners, ed. Judith A. Scheffler (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1986), 292-300.
73. Angela Davis and Other Political Prisoners, If They Come in the Morning: Voices of Resistance (New Rochelle, NY: Tshird Press Publishers, 1971), 97-105.
74. Ericka Huggins, Untitled, in If They Come in the Morning, 99.
75. Imani Kujichagulia, "Stride, Strut Lady", in Bound and Free: The Poetry of Warriors Behind Bars (Washington, D. C.: King Publications, 1976), 18. Copy in the Bancroft Library, The University of California, Berkeley.
76. Amiri Baraka, "7 Principles of US Maulana Karenga & the Need for a Black Value System", in Raise Race Rays Raze: Essays Since 1965, 133-34.
77. Etheridge Knight, "The Violent Space (or when your sister sleeps around for money)", in Poems from Prison (Detroit: Broadside Press, 1968), 23.
78. Etheridge Knight, "Preface" in Black Voices from Prison, 6.
79. Michael Thomas, Sr., "Poem to Angela from Black Political Prisoners", The Black Scholar 2:8-9(April/May 1971), 50.
80. Gomvi Malik, "Funky Nigger/Nigger Funky", in Bound and Free, 14.
81. Willi X, "To My Beautiful Woman", in Captive Voices, 203.
82. James A. Lang, "For My Ex-Wife", in Who Took the Weight?, 59.
83. Patricia Liggins Hill, "The Violent Space", 120.