Hidden Costs of Passive Restoration

Restoration Ecology

Volumn 22, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 284-287

  Zahawi, Rakan A ^a   Reid, John L ^b   Holl, Karen D ^c  

^a Organization for Tropical Studies Costa Rica   (Costa Rica)

^b OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Active restoration; Natural regeneration; Secondary succession; Tropical forests

Indexed keywords

EID: 84901047863     PISSN: 10612971     EISSN: 1526100X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/rec.12098     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Birch, J. C., A. C. Newton, C. A. Aquino, E. Cantarello, C. Echeverria, T. Kitzberger, I. Schiappacasse, and N. T. Garavito 2010. Cost-effectiveness of dryland forest restoration evaluated by spatial analysis of ecosystem services. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107:21925-21930.
2. Brancalion, P. H. S., R. A. G. Viani, B. B. N. Strassburg, and R. R. Rodrigues 2012. Finding the money for tropical forest restoration. Unasylva 239:41-50.
3. Bullock, J. M., J. Aronson, A. C. Newton, R. F. Pywell, and J. M. Rey-Benayas 2011. Restoration of ecosystem services and biodiversity: conflicts and opportunities. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 26:541-549.
4. Carnevale, N. J., and F. Montagnini 2002. Facilitating regeneration of secondary forests with the use of mixed and pure plantations of indigenous tree species. Forest Ecology and Management 163:217-227.
5. Chazdon, R. L. 2008a. Beyond deforestation: restoring forests and ecosystem services on degraded lands. Science 320:1458-1460.
6. Chazdon, R. L. 2008b. Chance and determinism in tropical forest succession. Pages 384-408 in W. P. Carson and S. A. Schnitzer, editors. Tropical forest community ecology. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, United Kingdom.
7. Cole, R. J., K. D. Holl, and R. A. Zahawi 2010. Seed rain under tree islands planted to restore degraded lands in a tropical agricultural landscape. Ecological Applications 20:1255-1269.
8. De Groot, R., J. Blignaut, S. Van der Ploeg, J. Aronson, T. Elmqvist, and J. Farley 2013. Benefits of investing in ecosystem restoration. Conservation Biology 27:1286-1293.
9. Edelman, M., and M. A. Seligson 1994. Land inequality: a comparison of census data and property records in twentieth-century southern Costa Rica. The Hispanic American Historical Review 74:445-491.
10. Erskine, P. D. 2002. Land clearing and forest rehabilitation in the wet tropics of north Queensland, Australia. Ecological Management and Restoration 3:135-137.
11. Fearnside, P. M. 1993. Deforestation in Brazilian Amazonia: the effect of population and land tenure. Ambio 2:537-545.
12. Fink, R. D., C. A. Lindell, E. B. Morrison, R. A. Zahawi, and K. D. Holl 2009. Patch size and tree species influence the number and duration of bird visits in forest restoration plots in southern Costa Rica. Restoration Ecology 17:479-486.
13. Fortmann, L. 1987. Tree tenure: an analytical framework for agroforestry projects. Pages 17-34 in J. B. Raintree, editor. Land trees and tenure. ICRAF/Land Tenure Center, Nairobi, Kenya/Madison, Wisconsin.
14. Good, M. K., J. N. Price, P. J. Clarke, and N. Reid 2012. Dense regeneration of floodplain Eucalyptus coolabah: invasive scrub or passive restoration of an endangered woodland community? The Rangeland Journal 34:219-230.
15. Guerrero, A. C., and P. L. B. daRocha 2010. Passive restoration in biodiversity hotspots: consequences for an Atlantic rainforest lizard taxocene. Biotropica 42:379-387.
16. Holl, K. D., and T. M. Aide 2011. When and where to actively restore ecosystems? Forest Ecology and Management 261:1558-1563.
17. Holl, K. D., R. A. Zahawi, R. J. Cole, R. Ostertag, and S. Cordell 2011. Planting seedlings in tree islands versus plantations as a large-scale tropical forest restoration strategy. Restoration Ecology 19:470-479.
18. Hubbell, S. P., R. B. Foster, S. T. O'Brien, K. E. Harms, R. Condit, B. Wechsler, S. J. Wright, and S. L. De Lao 1999. Light-gap disturbances, recruitment limitation, and tree diversity in a Neotropical forest. Science 283:554-557.
19. Jahnig, S. C., A. W. Lorenz, R. R. C. Lorenz, and J. Kail 2013. A comparison of habitat diversity and interannual habitat dynamics in actively and passively restored mountain rivers of Germany. Hydrobiologia 712:89-104.
20. Janzen, D. H. 2002. Tropical dry forest: Area de Conservación Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica. Pages 559-583 in M. R. Perrow and A. J. Davy, editors. Handbook of ecological restoration. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
21. Jones, H. P., and O. J. Schmitz 2009. Rapid recovery of damaged ecosystems. PLoS ONE 4:e5653.
22. Jones, E. R., M. H. Wishnie, J. Deago, A. Sautu, and A. Cerezo 2004. Facilitating natural regeneration in Saccharum spontaneum (L.) grasslands within the Panama Canal Watershed: effects of tree species and tree structure on vegetation recruitment patterns. Forest Ecology and Management 191:171-183.
23. Meli, P., M. Martínez-Ramos, and J. M. Rey-Benayas 2013. Selecting species for passive and active riparian restoration in Southern Mexico. Restoration Ecology 21:163-165.
24. Melo, F. P. L., S. R. R. Pinto, P. H. S. Brancalion, P. S. Castro, R. R. Rodrigues, J. Aronson, and M. Taborelli 2013. Priority setting for scaling-up tropical forest restoration projects: early lessons from the Atlantic forest restoration pact. Environmental Science and Policy 33:395-404, DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2013.07.013.
25. Morrison, E. B., and C. A. Lindell 2011. Active or passive restoration? Assessing restoration alternatives with avian foraging behavior. Restoration Ecology 19:170-177.
26. Myster, R. W. 1993. Tree invasion and establishment in old fields at Hutcheson memorial forest. The Botanical Review 59:251-272.
27. Nygren, A. 1995. Deforestation in Costa Rica: an examination of social and historical factors. Forest & Conservation History 39:27-35.
28. Reid, J. L., J. B. C. Harris, and R. A. Zahawi 2012. Avian habitat preference in tropical forest restoration in southern Costa Rica. Biotropica 44:350-359.
29. Rey Benayas, J. M. 2000. Restoring forests after land abandonment. Pages 356-360 in S. Mansourian, D. Vallauri, and N. Dudley, editors. Forest restoration in landscapes: beyond planting trees. Springer, New York.
30. Rey Benayas, J. M., J. M. Bullock, and A. C. Newton 2008. Creating woodland islets to reconcile ecological restoration, conservation, and agricultural land use. Frontiers in Ecology and Environment 6:329-336.
31. Roa-Fuentes, L. L., C. Martínez-Garza, J. Etchevers, and J. Campo 2014. Recovery of soil C and N in a tropical pasture: passive and active restoration. Land Degradation & Development, DOI: 10.1002/ldr.2197.
32. Suding, K. N., and R. J. Hobbs 2009. Threshold models in restoration and conservation: a developing framework. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 24:271-279.
33. Unruh, J. D. 2008. Carbon sequestration in Africa: the land tenure problem. Global Environmental Change-Human and Policy Dimensions 18:700-707.
34. Wright, S. J., and H. C. Muller-Landau 2006. The future of tropical forest species. Biotropica 38:287-301.
35. Zahawi, R. A., and C. K. Augspurger 1999. Early plant succession in abandoned pastures in Ecuador. Biotropica 31:540-552.
36. Zahawi, R. A., K. D. Holl, R. J. Cole, and J. L. Reid 2013. Testing applied nucleation as a strategy to facilitate tropical forest recovery. Journal of Applied Ecology 50:88-96.