Crisis and opportunity: Sustainability in American agriculture

Crisis and Opportunity: Sustainability in American Agriculture

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 1-325

  Ikerd, John E ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 84900781831     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (159)

1. Steven Blank, The End of Agriculture in the American Portfolio (Westport ct: Quorum Books, 1999).
2. Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations (1776; Amherst ny: Prometheus Books, 1991).
3. The stories of many of these new American farmers have now been documented in a variety of formats. For example, see "Sustainable Agriculture Network" in The New American Farmer, 2nd ed., ed. Valerie Berton (Beltsville md: U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2005), also available at http://www.sare.org/publications/naf (accessed June 2006)
4. "1,000 Stories of Regenerative Agriculture," The New Farm (Rodale Institute), http://www.newfarm.org/archive/1000_stories/1000_stories.shtml (accessed June 2006).
5. Howard Elitzak, Food Cost Review, 1996 (Washington dc: U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1997).
6. For example, Dennis Avery, The Environmental Triumph of High-Yield Farming (Washington dc: Hudson Institute, 1995).
7. Thomas Malthus, An Essay on the Principles of Population (1789; London: Macmillan, 1966).
8. Peter Drucker, Post-Capitalist Society (New York: Harper Business, 1994), 1.
9. U.S. Department of Commerce, 1992 Census of Agriculture (Washington DC: U.S. Census Bureau, 1994).
10. Howard Elitzak, "Food Marketing Costs Rose Little 1992," Food Cost Review (Washington dc: U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1993).
11. Elitzak, Food Cost Review; U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1993 Farm Cost and Return Survey (Washington dc: National Agricultural Statistical Service, 1994).
12. David Pimentel and Mario Giampietro, Food, Land, Population and the U.S. Economy (Washington dc: Carrying Capacity Network, 1994), also available at http://dieoff.org/page55.htm (accessed June 2006).
13. Alvin Toffler, Power Shift (New York: Bantam Books, 1990).
14. Toffler, Power Shift, 9.
15. Toffler, Power Shift, 238.
16. Toffler, Power Shift, 91.
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24. Wendell Berry, "Nature as Measure," in What Are People For? (New York: North Point Press, 1997), 206-7.
25. Stephen Covey, Seven Habits of Highly Effective People (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1989).
26. Vaclav Havel, Disturbing the Peace (New York: Vintage Books, 1991), 181, 182, 188.
27. William James, The Varieties of Religious Experience (1902; New York: Routledge, 2002).
28. Joel Salatin, Pastured Poultry Profits (Swoope va: Polyface Inc., 1996).
29. Berry, "Nature as Measure," 210.
30. Fritjof Capra, Tao of Physics (Boulder co: Shambhala Publications, 1983), 22.
31. E. F. Schumacher, Small Is Beautiful (New York: Harper and Row, 1975).
32. Dee Hock, "The Chaordic Organization: Out of Control and Into Order," World Business Academy Perspectives 9, no. 1 (1995): 5-21.
33. Toffler, Power Shift;
34. Vaclav Havel, acceptance speech upon receiving the Philadelphia Liberty Medal, July 4, 1994, http://old .hrad.cz/president/Havel/speeches/1994/0407_uk.html (accessed June 2006);
35. Tom Peters, The Pursuit of wow! (New York: Vantage Books, 1994);
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44. Roberts and Amidon, Earth Prayers, 62.
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46. Selina Gaye, The Great World's Farm: Some Accounts of Nature's Crops and How They Are Grown (New York: Macmillan, 1900).
47. Gaye, Great World's Farm, 61.
48. William A. Albrecht, "Protein Deficiencies . . . through Soil Deficiencies," Let's Live Magazine, December 1952, also available at http://www.soilandhealth.org/copyform.asp?bookcode=010143let slive1953 (accessed June 2006).
49. Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary, 8th ed., s.v. "stewardship."
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51. James, Varieties of Religious Experience.
52. Aldo Leopold, A Sand County Almanac (1949; New York: Ballantine Books, 1970), 262.
53. Alan Savory, Holistic Resource Management (Covelo ca: Island Press, 1988)
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55. Permaculture Research Institute, "What Is Permaculture?" http://www.permaculture.org.au/(accessed June 2006)
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58. Elizabeth Culotta, "Science's 20 Greatest Hits Take Their Lumps," Science 251, no. 4999 (1991): 1308.
59. Toffler, Power Shift, xvii.
60. Toffler, Power Shift, 9.
61. Toffler, Power Shift, 238, 91.
62. As quoted in Peter M. Senge, The Fifth Discipline (New York: Doubleday, 1990), 366.
63. Senge, Fifth Discipline, 367.
64. Drucker, New Realities, 173.
65. Drucker, New Realities, 259.
66. Drucker, New Realities, 260.
67. Reich, Work of Nations.
68. Naisbitt and Aburdene, Megatrends 2000.
69. National Science Board, Science Indicators 1976 (Washington dc: National Science Foundation, 1977), 91-128.
70. Naisbitt and Aburdene, Megatrends 2000, 329.
71. Naisbitt and Aburdene, Megatrends 2000, 332.
72. Drucker, New Realities, 259.
73. Economic Research Service, U.S. Farm Income Data, historical documents available at http://www.ers.usda.gov/Data/Farm Income/finfidmu.htm (accessed June 2006)
74. Economic Research Service, Structural and Financial Characteristics of U.S. Farms, 1995 (Washington DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1996).
75. Willard W. Cochrane, "A Food and Agricultural Policy for the 21st Century," Agobservatory Library, 1999, http://www.agobservatory.org/library.cfm?Ref ID=29732 (accessed June 2006).
76. Elitzak, "Food Marketing Costs Rose Little 1992."
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78. USDA Economic Research Service, "A County-Level Measure on Urban Influence," Rural Development Perspectives 12 no. 2 (1997).
79. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Managing Non-Point Source Pollution from Agriculture" 2004, http://www.epa.gov/owow/nps/facts/point6.htm (accessed June 2006)
80. Donald M. Anderson, "Toxic Algal Blooms and Red Tides: A Global Perspective," in Red Tides: Biology, Environmental Science, and Toxicology, ed. Tomotoshi Okaichi, Donald M. Anderson, and Takahisa Nemoto (New York: Elsevier, 1989), 11-16.
81. Organic Farming Research Foundation, Third Biennial National Organic Farmer's Survey (Santa Cruz ca: Organic Farming Research Foundation, 1999).
82. John Ikerd, "The Architecture of Organic Production," Proceedings, Inaugural National Organics Conference 2001, Sidney, Australia, 2001, 27-28.
83. Hartman Report, "Food and the Environment-A Consumer's Perspective," 1999, http://www.hartman-group.com/products/reportnatsens.html (accessed June 2006).
84. Eliot Coleman, "Can Organics Save the Family Farm?" The Rake Magazine, September 2004, also available at http://www.rakemag .com (accessed June 2006).
85. Steiner, Spiritual Foundations.
86. Albrecht, "Protein Deficiencies."
87. J. I. Rodale, "The Organiculturist's Creed," in The Organic Front (Emmaus pa: Rodale Press, 1948), also available at http://www.soilandhealth.org/copyform.asp?bookcode=010133 (accessed June 2006).
88. Sir Albert Howard, An Agricultural Testament (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1940), also available in Small Farms Library, http://journeytoforever.org/farm_library/howard AT/ATtoc.html (accessed June 2006).
89. G. T. Wrench, "The Second Path," in The Restoration of the Peasantries (London: C. W. Daniel Company, 1939), also available in Small Farms Library, http://journeytoforever.org/farm_library.html#Wrench_Rest (accessed June 2006).
90. Berry, "Nature as Measure," 210.
91. Ohio State University, "Cluster Development," Community Development Fact Sheet cdfs-1270-99, http://ohioline.osu.edu/cd-fact/1270.html (accessed December 2004).
92. Webster's Eighth New Collegiate Dictionary, 1973 ed., s.v. "crisis."
93. Fred Kirschenmann, Steve Stevenson, Fred Buttel, Tom Lyson, and Mike Duffy, "A White Paper for Agriculture of the Middle Project" 2003, Agriculture of the Middle, http://www.agofthemiddle.org (accessed June 2006).
94. National Agricultural Statistical Service, 2002 Census of U.S. Agriculture (Washington DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2003).
95. Willard W. Cochrane, "A Food and Agricultural Policy for the 21st Century," Agobservatory Library, 1999, http://www.agobservatory.org/library.cfm?Ref ID=29732 (accessed June 2006).
96. For examples of scientific evidence, see Kendall M. Thu and E. Paul Durrenberger, Pigs, Profits, and Rural Communities (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1998).
97. Economic Research Service, "The U.S. Ag Trade Balance . . . More than Just a Number," Amber Waves, February 2004, http://www.ers.usda.gov/amberwaves/February04/Features/USTrade Balance.htm (accessed June 2006).
98. Steven Blank, The End of Agriculture in the American Portfolio.
99. "The wto Framework Agreement for Fairer Trade," August 1, 2004, Europa: Agriculture-International Trade Relations, http://europa.eu.int/comm/agriculture/external/wto/index_en.htm (accessed June 2006).
100. John Elkington, Cannibals with Forks: The Triple Bottom Line of 21st Century Business (Stony Creek ct: New Society Publishers, 1998).
101. Paul Hawken, Amory Lovins, and L. Hunter Lovins, Natural Capitalism (New York: Little, Brown, 1999).
102. Bob Willard, The Sustainability Advantage: Seven Business Case Benefits of a Triple Bottom Line (Gabriola Island BC: New Society Publishers, 2002).
103. Wayne Norman and Chris Mac Donald, "Getting to the Bottom of the 'Triple Bottom Line,'" Business Ethics Quarterly, April 2004, 243-62.
104. Ray Anderson, Mid-Course Correction: Toward a Sustainable Enterprise: The Interface Model (White River Junction VT: Chelsea Green Publishers, 1998).
105. Fetzer Vineyards, "Environmental Philosophy," http://www.fetzer.com/fetzer/wineries/philosophy.aspx (accessed June 2006).
106. New Seasons Market homepage, http://www.newseasonsmarket.com (accessed June 2006).
107. Smith, Wealth of Nations, 83.
108. David Ricardo, The Works and Correspondence of David Ricardo, ed. Piero Sraffa, vol. 1 (Cambridge: British Royal Society, 1951), 132.
109. Vilfredo Pareto, Manual of Political Economy (1906; New York: Kelly, 1971).
110. Alfred Marshall, Principles of Economics (1890; London: Macmillan, 1946), 27.
111. J. R. Hicks and R. Allen, "A Reconsideration of the Theory of Value," Economica, no. 1 (1934): 128.
112. William Hamilton, Essays in Edinburgh Review (Edinburgh: Edinburgh Review, 1829), 32.
113. Thomas Reid, Works of Thomas Reid, ed. William Hamilton (1863; Bristol, England: Thoemmes Press, 1994), 422.
114. World Trade Organization, Welcome to the wto Website, http://www.wto.org/(accessed June 2006).
115. Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary, 8th ed., s.v. "globalize."
116. nafta Secretariat, Welcome Page, http://www.nafta-sec-alena.org/Default Site/index_e.aspx (accessed June 2006)
117. "The eu at a Glance," Europa: Gateway to European Union, http://europa.eu.int/abc/index_en.htm (accessed June 2006).
118. Ricardo, Works and Correspondence, 132.
119. U.S. Department of Agriculture, "Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002," available at http://www.usda.gov/farmbill2002/(accessed June 2006).
120. Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, "Government Payments and the Farm Sector," Farm and Commodity Policy (2003), available at http://www.ers.usda.gov/briefing/Farm Policy/gov-pay.htm (accessed June 2006).
121. Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, "Outlook for U.S. Agricultural Trade" (2003), available at http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/so/view.asp?f=trade/aes-bb/(accessed June 2003).
122. Steven Blank, The End of Agriculture in the American Portfolio.
123. Berry, "Nature as Measure," 206-7.
124. Sustainable Agriculture Network, New American Farmer.
125. Willard Cochrane, The Curse of American Agricultural Abundance (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2003).
126. Robert Putnam, Bowling Alone (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2000).
127. Mary Hendrickson and William Heffernan, "Opening Spaces through Relocalization: Locating Potential Resistance in the Weaknesses of the Global Food System," Sociologia Ruralis 42, no. 4 (2002): 347-69.
128. Eric Schlosser, Fast Food Nation (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2001).
129. Paul Ray and Sherry Anderson, The Cultural Creatives (New York: Three Rivers Press, 2000).
130. Alex De Tocqueville, Democracy in America (1835; New York: Bantam Books, 2000).
131. Sustainable Agriculture Network, New American Farmer.
132. The Hartman Report, "Food and the Environment-A Consumer's Perspective."
133. Chefs Collaborative, available at http://www.chefscollaborative.org/(accessed February 2003).
134. Slow Food International, available at http://www.slowfood.com/(accessed February 2003).
135. Corby Kummer, The Pleasures of Slow Food (San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2002).
136. Malcolm Gladwell, The Tipping Point (Boston: Little, Brown, 2000).
137. For a basic explanation of peak oil, see "The Community Solution," http://www.communitysolution.org/peakqanda.html (accessed December 2006).
138. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, "Hubbert Peak Theory," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubbert_peak (accessed December 2006).
139. Richard Heinberg, The Party's Over: Oil War and the Fate of Industrial Societies (Gabriola Island BC: New Society Publishers), 152.
140. Heinberg, The Party's Over, 111-12.
141. Christopher Cook, "Business as Usual," The American Prospect, online edition, April 8, 2006, http://www.prospect.org/web/page.ww?section=root&name=View Print&article Id=11322 (accessed December 2006).
142. From a presentation by David Pimentel, Cornell University, at "Local Solutions to Energy Dilemma," New York City, April 28-29, 2006.
143. To account for increased energy use, this figure was revised from the earlier estimate of solar energy collected as twothirds of fossil energy use, published in David and Marcia Pimentel, Food, Energy, and Society (Niwot co: University Press of Colorado), 1996.
144. Pimentel, Food, Energy, and Society.
145. As reported by Alexei Barrionjevo, "It's Corn vs. Soybeans in a Bio-fuels Debate," New York Times, July 12, 2006.
146. Pimentel, Food, Energy, and Society.
147. For a more in-depth discussion of entropy, see John Ikerd, Sustainable Capitalism: A Matter of Common Sense, chap. 3 (Bloomfield CT: Kumarian Press Inc., 2005).
148. For a more in-depth discussion of living systems, see Ikerd, Sustainable Capitalism, ch. 5.
149. Howard, An Agricultural Testament.
150. J. I. Rodale, "The Organiculturist's Creed," in The Organic Front (Emmaus pa: Rodale Press, 1948), ch. 8, also available at http://www.soilandhealth.org/copyform.asp?bookcode=010133 (accessed December 2006).
151. Steiner, Spiritual Foundations.
152. Pimentel, Food, Energy, and Society, 146.
153. Based on estimates in Pimentel, Food, Energy, and Society.
154. David Pimentel, Paul Hepperly, James Hanson, David Douds, and Rita Seidel, "Environmental, Energetic, and Economic Comparisons of Organic and Conventional Farming Systems," Bio Science 55, no. 7 (2005): 573-82.
155. Good Natured Family Farms homepage, http://goodnatured.net/(accessed December 2006).
156. Food Trust Prince Edward Island, http://www.foodtrustpei.com/about/(accessed December 2006).
157. For more case studies, including institutional programs promoting local foods, see the Farm to School homepage, http://www.farmtoschool.org
158. Farm to College homepage, http://farmtocollege.org
159. Agriculture of the Middle homepage, http://www.agofthemiddle.org/archives/2004/09/case_studies.html (accessed December 2006).