The constitution goes to college: Five constitutional ideas that have shaped the American university

The Constitution Goes to College: Five Constitutional Ideas That Have Shaped the American University

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 1-229

  Smolla, Rodney A ^a  

^a FURMAN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

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EID: 84900602368     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (78)

1. Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America 110 (University of Chicago Press 2002).
2. Walter Isaacson, Einstein: His Life and Universe 241 (Simon and Schuster 2007).
3. Walter Isaacson, Einstein: His Life and Universe 241, 242 (Simon and Schuster 2007).
4. D. H. Lawrence, Studies in Classic American Literature (Penguin Classics 1990).
5. Neil W. Hamilton, Academic Ethics: Problems and Materials on Professional Conduct and Shared Governance 65 (Greenwood Publishing 2002);
6. William G. Tierney, Promotion and Tenure: Community and Socialization in Academe 22 (State University of New York Press 1996).
7. James Madison, The Federalist Papers, No. 51, at 349 (1788) ( J. Cooke, ed., Wesleyan University Press 1961) ("In framing a government which is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies in this: You must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place, oblige it to control itself.").
8. See, for example, Kathleen M. Sullivan, "Unconstitutional Conditions," 102 Harv. L. Rev. 1415 (1989);
9. Richard A. Epstein, "The Supreme Court 1987 Term: Unconstitutional Conditions, State Power, and the Limits of Consent," 102 Harv. L. Rev. 5 (1988);
10. Robert L. Hale, "Unconstitutional Conditions and Constitutional Rights," 35 Colum. L. Rev. 321, 322 (1935).
11. Cass Sunstein, "Why the Unconstitutional Conditions Doctrine Is an Anachronism," 70 B.U. L. Rev. 593, 620 (1990) (doctrine is "too crude and too general to provide help in contested cases");
12. Kathleen Sullivan, "Unconstitutional Conditions," 102 Harv. L. Rev. 1415, 1416 (1989) (doctrine is "riven with inconsistencies");
13. Robert L. Hale, "Unconstitutional Conditions and Constitutional Rights," 35 Colum. L. Rev. 321, 322 (1935) ("The Supreme Court has sustained many such exertions of power even after announcing the broad doctrine that would invalidate them.");
14. Rodney A. Smolla, "The Reemergence of the Right-Privilege Distinction in Constitutional Law: The Price of Protesting Too Much," 35 Stan. L. Rev. 69 (1982) (arguing that the right-privilege distinction, while diminished by the doctrine of unconstitutional conditions, was not destroyed by it).
15. Abraham Lincoln, "Special Message to Congress," in Speeches and Writings, 1859-1865 253 (Library of America, 1989).
16. A. Bartlett Giamatti, A Free and Ordered Space: The Real World of the University (Norton 1990).
17. Jonathan D. Casper, The Politics of Civil Liberties 148-49 (Harper & Row 1972);
18. Rodney A. Smolla, "In Pursuit of Racial Utopias: Fair Housing, Quotas, and Goals in the 1980s," 58 S. Cal. L. Rev. 947 (1985).
19. Mark G. Yudof, "Equal Opportunity and the Courts," 51 Tex. L. Rev. 411, 457 (1973).
20. Mark G. Yudof et al., Educational Policy and the Law 383 (Wadsworth Publishing 2001).
21. Marcia Mobilia Boumil et al., Women and the Law 531 (William S. Hein Publishing 1992).
22. Daniel Webster, "Peroration, the Dartmouth College Case, March 10, 1818," available at http://www.dartmouth.edu/~dwebster/speeches/dartmouth-peroration.html.
23. Daniel Webster, "Peroration, the Dartmouth College Case, March 10, 1818," available at http://www.dartmouth.edu/~dwebster/speeches/dartmouth-peroration.html.
24. Daniel Webster, "Peroration, the Dartmouth College Case, March 10, 1818," available at http://www.dartmouth.edu/~dwebster/speeches/dartmouth-peroration.html.
25. Susan Kinzie, "William and Mary President Resigns," Washington Post, February 13, 2008.
26. Thomas L. Friedman, The World Is Flat (Farrar, Straus & Giroux 2005).
27. Walter Isaacson, Einstein: His Life and Universe 241 (Simon and Schuster 2007).
28. Plato, The Apology. In Six Great Dialogues: Apology, Crito, Phaedo, Phaedrus, Symposium, The Republic, 11 (Benjamin Jowett, trans., Dover 2007).
29. Aristotle, The Politics, Book I, Chapter 1. In Aristotle's Politics and Poetics, 5 (Benjamin Jowett, trans., Viking 1962).
30. John Stuart Mill, On Liberty (1869).
31. 84 Colum. L. Rev. 91 (1984); and David Rabban, "The Ahistorical Historian: Leonard Levy on Freedom of Expression in Early American History," 37 Stan. L. Rev. 795 (1985).
32. John Milton, Areopagitica: A Speech of Mr. John Milton for the Liberty of Unlicensed Printing to the Parliament of England (1644).
33. Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire, 315 U.S. 568, 571-72 (1942). See also Rodney A. Smolla and Melville B. Nimmer, Smolla and Nimmer on Freedom of Speech § 2:70 (Thomson Reuters West 2009) (updated biannually).
34. See Shaila Dewan, Stephanie Saul, and Katie Zezimia, "For Professor, Fury Just Beneath the Surface," New York Times, February 20, 2010.
35. "Report of the February 14, 2008, Shootings at Northern Illinois University," published by Northern Illinois University, available at http://www.niu.edu/feb14report/.
36. Gary Lavergne, A Sniper in the Tower: The Charles Whitman Murders (University of North Texas Press 1997);
37. David Cullen, Columbine (Twelve/Hachette Book Group 2009);
38. "Remembering November 1: A University Tragedy 10 Years Later," FYI, October 19, 2001, available at http://www.uiowa.edu/~fyi/issues/issues2001_v39/10192001/november.html;
39. "30 Years Ago Seven Were Slain in Cal State Fullerton Shooting," North County Times, April 17, 2007, available at http://www.nctimes.com/news/state-and-regional/article_ f264d4c4-b2df-58d9-a57c-b79dd6e200eb.html;
40. National Public Radio, "Timeline: Shootings at U.S. College Campuses," April 16, 2007, available at http://www.npr. org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=9603275.
41. See Kammy Au, "Freedom from Fear," 15 Lincoln L. Rev. 45 (1984);
42. Richard Delgado, "Words That Wound: A Tort Action for Racial Insults, Epithets, and Name-Calling," 17 Harv. CR-CL L. Rev. 133 (1982);
43. Kent Greenawalt, "Insults and Epithets: Are They Protected Speech?" 42 Rutgers L. Rev. 287 (1990);
44. David Kretzmer, "Freedom of Speech and Racism," 8 Cardozo L. Rev. 445 (1987);
45. Kenneth Lasson, "Group Libel Versus Free Speech: When Big Brother Should Butt In," 23 Duquesne L. Rev. 77 (1984);
46. Charles R. Lawrence III, "If He Hollers Let Him Go: Regulating Racist Speech on Campus," 1990 Duke L. J. 431;
47. Jean C. Love, "Discriminatory Speech and the Tort of Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress," 47 Wash. & Lee L. Rev. 123 (1990);
48. Toni M. Massaro, "Equality and Freedom of Expression: The Hate Speech Dilemma," 32 Wm. & Mary L. Rev. 211 (1991);
49. Mari J. Matsuda, "Public Response to Racist Speech: Considering the Victim's Story," 87 Mich. L. Rev. 2320 (1989);
50. Robert C. Post, "Racist Speech, Democracy, and the First Amendment," 32 Wm. & Mary L. Rev. 267 (1991);
51. Dean M. Richardson, "Racism: A Tort of Outrage," 61 Oregon L. Rev. 267 (1982);
52. Rodney A. Smolla, "Rethinking First Amendment Assumptions about Racist and Sexist Speech," 47 Wash. & Lee L. Rev. 171 (1990);
53. Nadine Strossen, "Regulating Racist Speech on Campus: A Modest Proposal?" 1990 Duke L. J. 484;
54. R. George Wright, "Racist Speech and the First Amendment," 9 Miss. Col. L. Rev. 1 (1988);
55. Note, "A Communitarian Defense of Group Libel Laws," 101 Harv. L. Rev. 682 (1988).
56. See, generally, Steve France, "Hate Goes to College," ABA J. 44 ( July 1990);
57. Connie Leslie, "Lessons from Bigotry 101: Racism on Campus," Newsweek, September 25, 1989, 48-49;
58. Cheryl M. Fields, "Colleges Advised to Develop Strong Procedures to Deal with Incidents of Racial Harassment," Chronicle of Higher Education, July 20, 1988;
59. Robin Wilson, "Colleges' Anti-harassment Policies Bring Controversy Over Free-Speech Issues," Chronicle of Higher Education, October 4, 1989. It has also received abundant attention in editorial pages.
60. See, for example, Nat Hentoff, "The Colleges: Fear, Loathing, and Suppression," Village Voice, May 8, 1990;
61. Nat Hentoff, "Campus Follies: From Free Speech.," Washington Post, November 4, 1989;
62. George Will, "Liberal Censorship," Washington Post, November 5, 1989;
63. Debra Everson, "On Outlawing Hate Speech," Guild Notes, November-December 1989;
64. Charles Lawrence, "The Debates Over Placing Limits on Racist Speech Must Not Ignore the Damage It Does to Its Victims," Chronicle of Higher Education, October 25, 1989;
65. James T. Laney, "Why Tolerate Campus Bigots?" New York Times, April 6, 1990;
66. Paul Verkuil, "Free to Speak, but Willing to Listen and Learn," New York Times, April 25, 1990.
67. See Rodney A. Smolla, "Academic Freedom, Hate Speech, and the Idea of a University," 53 L. & Contemp. Prob. 195 (1990).
68. See Dan Frosch, "Fired Colorado Professor is Cross-Examined in Lawsuit," New York Times, March 24, 2009. A jury awarded Professor Churchill one dollar in damages, and as this book was going to press, an appeal was pending.
69. In 2009 Professor Yoo took a leave from the Berkeley law faculty to teach as a visitor at the Chapman University Law School, in Orange, California. See Susannah Rosenblatt, "Bush Policymaker Escapes Berkeley's Wrath," Los Angeles Times, February 11, 2009.
70. Stuart Taylor Jr. and K. C. Johnson, Until Proven Innocent (Macmillan 2007).
71. Jonathan D. Casper, The Politics of Civil Liberties 148-49 (Harper & Row 1972);
72. Rodney A. Smolla, "In Pursuit of Racial Utopias: Fair Housing, Quotas, and Goals in the 1980s," 58 S. Cal. L. Rev. 947 (1985).
73. Lisa H. Newton, "Reverse Discrimination as Unjustified," in Reverse Discrimination 373, 373-76 (B. Gross, ed., Prometheus 1977).
74. Langston Hughes, The Big Sea: An Autobiography (Knopf 1940).
75. Paul Burstein, Equal Employment Opportunity 415 (Transaction Publishers 1994).
76. AAUP 1940 Statement of Principles on Academic Freedom and Tenure, available at http://www.aaup.org/AAUP/pubsres/policydocs/contents/1940statement.htm.
77. William W. Van Alstyne, "Academic Freedom and the First Amendment in the Supreme Court of the United States," L. & Contemp. Prob. 79 (Summer 1990).
78. James Madison, The Federalist Papers, No. 51, at 160 (1788) ( J. Cooke, ed., Wesleyan University Press 1961).