The Venus nighttime atmosphere as observed by the VIRTIS-M instrument. Average fields from the complete infrared data set

Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets

Volumn 119, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 837-849

  Grassi, D ^a   Politi, R ^a   Ignatiev, N I ^b   Plainaki, C ^a   Lebonnois, S ^c   Wolkenberg, P ^d   Montabone, L ^c,e   Migliorini, A ^a   Piccioni, G ^a   Drossart, P ^f  

^a INAF OSSERVATORIO ASTROFISICO DI TORINO   (Italy)

^b Russian Academy of Sciences   (Russian Federation)

^c LABORATOIRE DE MÉTÉOROLOGIE DYNAMIQUE   (France)

^d Space Research Center of the Polish Academy of Sciences ^*  (Poland)

^e Cassini Imaging Central Laboratory for Operations   (United States)

^f OBSERVATOIRE DE PARIS   (France)

Author keywords

Planetary atmospheres; Venus

Indexed keywords

AIR TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS; ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE; BAYESIAN ANALYSIS; CARBON MONOXIDE; CLOUD; DATA SET; MERIDIONAL CIRCULATION; MIXING RATIO; PLANETARY ATMOSPHERE; VENUS;

EID: 84900468031     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: 21699100     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/2013JE004586     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Abe, Y., A. Abe-Ouchi, N. H. Sleep, and, K. J. Zahnle, (2011), Habitable zone limits for dry planets, Astrobiology, 11 (5), 443-460, doi: 10.1089/ast.2010.0545.
2. Driscoll, P., and, D. Bercovici, (2013), Divergent evolution of Earth and Venus: Influence of degassing, tectonics, and magnetic fields, Icarus, 226 (2), 1447-1464, doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.07.025.
3. Encrenaz, T., T. K. Greathouse, M. J. Ritcher, J. Lacy, T. Widemann, B. Bézard, T. Fouchet, C. de Witt, and, S. K. Atreya, (2013), HDO and SO2 thermal mapping on Venus II. The SO2 spatial distribution above and within clouds, Astron. Astrophys., 559, Article A65, doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201322264.
4. 2 and CO non-LTE emissions in the Venus atmosphere by VIRTIS/Venus Express, J. Geophys. Res., 114, E00B29, doi: 10.1029/2008JE003112.
5. Grassi, D., N. I. Ignatiev, L. V. Zasova, A. Maturilli, V. Formisano, G. A. Bianchini, and, M. Giuranna, (2005), Methods for the analysis of data from the Planetary Fourier Spectrometer on the Mars Express Mission, Planet. Space Sci., 53 (10), 1017-1034, doi: 10.1016/j.pss.2005.01.006. (Pubitemid 40940914)
6. Grassi, D., P. Drossart, G. Piccioni, N. I. Ignatiev, L. V. Zasova, A. Adriani, M. L. Moriconi, P. G. J. Irwin, A. Negrao, and, A. Migliorini, (2008), Retrieval of air temperature profiles in the Venusian Mesosphere from VIRTIS-M data: Description and validation of algorithms, J. Geophys. Res., 113, E00B09, doi: 10.1029/2008JE003075.
7. Grassi, D., A. Migliorini, L. Montabone, S. Lebonnois, A. Cardesìn-Moinelo, G. Piccioni, P. Drossart, and, L. V. Zasova, (2010), Thermal structure of Venusian nighttime mesosphere as observed by VIRTIS-Venus Express, J. Geophys. Res., 115, E09007, doi: 10.1029/2009JE003553.
8. Haus, R., D. Kappel, and, G. Arnold, (2013), Self-consistent retrieval of temperature profiles and cloud structure in the northern hemisphere of Venus using VIRTIS/VEX and PMV/VENERA-15 radiation measurements, Planet. Space Sci., 89, 77-101, doi: 10.1016/j.pss.2013.09.020.
9. Ignatiev, N. I., D. V. Titov, G. Piccioni, P. Drossart, W. J. Markiewicz, V. Cottini, T. Roatsch, M. Almeida, and, N. Manoel, (2009), Altimetry of the Venus cloud tops from the Venus Express observations, J. Geophys. Res., 114, E00B43, doi: 10.1029/2008JE003320.
10. Ingersoll, A. P., (1969), The runaway greenhouse: A history of water on Venus, J. Atmos. Sci., 26, 1191-1198, doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(1969)026<1191: TRGAHO>2.0.CO;2.
11. Irwin, P. G. J., R. de Kok, A. Negrao, C. C. C. Tsang, C. F. Wilson, P. Drossart, G. Piccioni, D. Grassi, and, F. W. Taylor, (2008a), Spatial variability of carbon monoxide in Venus' mesosphere from Venus Express/Visible and Infrared Thermal Imaging Spectrometer measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 113, E00B01, doi: 10.1029/2008JE003093.
12. Irwin, P. G. J., N. A. Teanby, R. de Kok, L. N. Fletcher, C. J. A. Howett, C. C. C. Tsang, C. F. Wilson, S. B. Calcutt, C. A. Nixon, and, P. D. Parrish, (2008b), The NEMESIS planetary atmosphere radiative transfer and retrieval tool, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 109 (6), 1136-1150, doi: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2007.11.006.
13. Isaacs, R. G., W.-C. Wang, R. D. Worsham, and, S. Goldenberg, (1987), Multiple scattering LOWTRAN and FASCODE models, Appl. Opt., 26 (7), 1272-1281.
14. Kappel, D., G. Arnold, R. Haus, G. Piccioni, and, P. Drossart, (2012), Refinements in the data analysis of VIRTIS-M-IR Venus nightside spectra, Adv. Space Res., 50 (2), 228-255, doi: 10.1016/j.asr.2012.03.029.
15. Kawabata, K., D. L. Coffeen, J. E. Hansen, W. A. Lane, M. Sato, and, L. D. Travis, (1980), Cloud and haze properties from Pioneer Venus polarimetry, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 8129-8140, doi: 10.1029/JA085iA13p08129.
16. Knollenberg, R. G., and, D. M. Hunten, (1980), The microphysics of the clouds of Venus-Results of the Pioneer Venus particle size spectrometer experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 8039-8058, doi: 10.1029/JA085iA13p08039.
17. Lebonnois, S., F. Hourdin, V. Eymet, A. Crespin, R. Fournier, and, F. Forget, (2010), Superrotation of Venus' atmosphere analysed with a full General Circulation Model, J. Geophys. Res., 115, E06006, doi: 10.1029/2009JE003458.
18. Lebonnois, S., C. Covey, A. Grossman, H. Parish, G. Schubert, R. Walterscheid, P. Lauritzen, and, C. Jablonowski, (2012), Angular momentum budget in General Circulation Models of superrotating atmospheres: A critical diagnostic, J. Geophys. Res., 117, E12004, doi: 10.1029/2012JE004223.
19. Marcq, E., and, S. Lebonnois, (2013), Simulations of the latitudinal variability of CO-like and OCS-like passive tracers below the clouds of Venus using the LMD-GCM, J. Geophys. Res. Planets, 118, 1983-1990, doi: 10.1002/jgre.20146.
20. Marcq, E., B. Bézard, Th. Encrenaz, and, M. Birlan, (2005), Latitudinal variations of CO and OCS in the lower atmosphere of Venus from near-infrared nightside spectro-imaging, Icarus, 179 (2), 375-386, doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2005.06.018. (Pubitemid 41716099)
21. Marcq, E., Th. Encrenaz, B. Bézard, and, M. Birlan, (2006), Remote sensing of Venus' lower atmosphere from ground-based IR spectroscopy: Latitudinal and vertical distribution of minor species, Planet. Space Sci., 54 (13-14), 1360-1370, doi: 10.1016/j.pss.2006.04.024. (Pubitemid 44691846)
22. 2 in the lower atmosphere of Venus: Spectroscopic studies using VIRTIS-H, J. Geophys. Res., 113, E00B07, doi: 10.1029/2008JE003074.
23. Migliorini, A., D. Grassi, L. Montabone, S. Lebonnois, P. Drossart, and, G. Piccioni, (2012), Investigation of air temperature on the nightside of Venus derived from VIRTIS-H on board Venus-Express, Icarus, 217 (2), 640-647, doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2011.07.013.
24. Piccioni, G., et al. (2007), The Visible and Infrared Thermal Imaging Spectrometer, Eur. Space Agency Spec. Publ., 1295, 1-27.
25. Rodgers, C. D., (2000), Inverse Methods for Atmospheric Sounding: Theory and Practice, World Scientific, Singapore.
26. Rothman, L. S., et al. (2009), The HITRAN 2008 molecular spectroscopic database, J. Quant. Spectros. Radiat. Transfer, 110 (9-10), 533-572, doi: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2009.02.013.
27. Schaefer, K., L. V. Zasova, D. Spaenkuch, E. A. Ustinov, and, D. Oertel, (1987), Structure of the middle atmosphere of Venus from analysis of Fourier spectrometer measurements aboard Venera 15, Adv. Space Res., 7 (12), 17-24, doi: 10.1016/0273-1177(87)90197-9.
28. Stolzenbach, A., F. Lefevre, S. Lebonnois, and, A. Maattanen, (2013), Three-dimensional modelling of Venus photochemistry, Abstract 62 presented at International Venus Workshop, Catania, Italy, 10-14 June.
29. Tellmann, S., M. Pätzold, B. Häusler, M. K. Bird, and, G. L. Tyler, (2009), Structure of the Venus neutral atmosphere as observed by the Radio Science experiment VeRa on Venus Express, J. Geophys. Res., 114, E00B36, doi: 10.1029/2008JE003204.
30. Tice, D. S., P. G. J. Irwin, L. N. Fletcher, N. A. Teanby, J. Hurley, G. S. Orton, and, G. R. Davis, (2013), Uranus' cloud particle properties and latitudinal methane variation from IRTF SpeX observations, Icarus, 223 (2), 684-698, doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.01.006.
31. -1, J. Quant. Spectros. Radiat. Transfer, 112, 925-936, doi: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2010.11.021.
32. Tsang, C. C. C., P. G. J. Irwin, C. F. Wilson, F. W. Taylor, C. Lee, R. de Kok, P. Drossart, G. Piccioni, B. Bezard, and, S. Calcutt, (2008), Tropospheric carbon monoxide concentrations and variability on Venus from Venus Express/VIRTIS-M observations, J. Geophys. Res., 113, E00B08, doi: 10.1029/2008JE003089.
33. Wilquet, V., R. Drummond, A. Mahieux, S. Robert, A. C. Vandaele, and, J.-L. Bertaux, (2012), Optical extinction due to aerosols in the upper haze of Venus: Four years of SOIR/VEX observations from 2006 to 2010, Icarus, 217 (2), 875-881, doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2011.11.002.
34. Zasova, L. V., N. Ignatiev, I. Khatuntsev, and, V. Linkin, (2007), Structure of the Venus atmosphere, Planet. Space Sci., 55 (12), 1712-1728, doi: 10.1016/j.pss.2007.01.011. (Pubitemid 47488436)