The anisotropic scattering coefficient of sea ice

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

Volumn 119, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 842-855

  Katlein, Christian ^a   Nicolaus, Marcel ^a   Petrich, Chris ^b  

^a ALFRED WEGENER INSTITUTE FOR POLAR AND MARINE RESEARCH   (Germany)

^b Norut Narvik   (Norway)

Author keywords

anisotropy; arctic; irradiance; light field; radiance; radiative transfer

Indexed keywords

ANGULAR DISTRIBUTION; ANISOTROPY; AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLES; ERRORS; RADIATIVE TRANSFER; REMOTELY OPERATED VEHICLES;

ANISOTROPIC DISTRIBUTION; ARCTIC; AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLES (AUVS); IRRADIANCE; LIGHT FIELDS; RADIANCE; RADIATIVE TRANSFER CALCULATIONS; REMOTELY OPERATED VEHICLES (ROV);

SEA ICE;

ANISOTROPY; DATA SET; LIGHT EFFECT; MEASUREMENT METHOD; RADIATION BALANCE; REMOTELY OPERATED VEHICLE; SCATTERING; SEA ICE;

EID: 84900356077     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699291     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/2013JC009502     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Antoine, D., et al. (2012), Underwater radiance distributions measured with miniaturized multispectral radiance cameras, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 30 (1), 74-95, doi: 10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00215.1.
2. Arrigo, K. R., C. W. Sullivan, and, J. N. Kremer, (1991), A biooptical model of Antarctic sea ice, J. Geophys. Res., 96 (C6), 10,581-10,592, doi: 10.1029/91JC00455.
3. Bélanger, S., S. A. Cizmeli, J. Ehn, A. Matsuoka, D. Doxaran, S. Hooker, and, M. Babin, (2013), Light absorption and partitioning in Arctic Ocean surface waters: Impact of multiyear ice melting, Biogeosciences, 10 (10), 6433-6452, doi: 10.5194/bg-10-6433-2013.
4. Cox, G. F. N., and, W. F. Weeks, (1983), Equations for determining the gas and brine volumes in sea-ice samples, J. Glaciol., 29 (102), 306-316.
5. Ehn, J. K., and, C. J. Mundy, (2013), Assessment of light absorption within highly scattering bottom sea ice from under-ice light measurements: Implications for Arctic ice algae primary production, Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods, 58 (3), 893-902, doi: 10.4319/lo.2013.58.3.0893.
6. Ehn, J. K., C. J. Mundy, and, D. G. Barber, (2008a), Bio-optical and structural properties inferred from irradiance measurements within the bottommost layers in an Arctic landfast sea ice cover, J. Geophys. Res., 113, C03S03, doi: 10.1029/2007JC004194.
7. Ehn, J. K., T. N. Papakyriakou, and, D. G. Barber, (2008b), Inference of optical properties from radiation profiles within melting landfast sea ice, J. Geophys. Res., 113, C09024, doi: 10.1029/2007JC004656.
8. Ehn, J. K., C. J. Mundy, D. G. Barber, H. Hop, A. Rossnagel, and, J. Stewart, (2011), Impact of horizontal spreading on light propagation in melt pond covered seasonal sea ice in the Canadian Arctic, J. Geophys. Res., 116, C00G02, doi: 10.1029/2010JC006908.
9. Eicken, H., H. R. Krouse, D. Kadko, and, D. K. Perovich, (2002), Tracer studies of pathways and rates of meltwater transport through Arctic summer sea ice, J. Geophys. Res., 107 (C10), 8046, doi: 10.1029/2000JC000583.
10. Frey, K. E., D. K. Perovich, and, B. Light, (2011), The spatial distribution of solar radiation under a melting Arctic sea ice cover, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L22501, doi: 10.1029/2011GL049421.
11. Golden, K. M., H. Eicken, A. L. Heaton, J. Miner, D. J. Pringle, and, J. Zhu, (2007), Thermal evolution of permeability and microstructure in sea ice, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L16501, doi: 10.1029/2007GL030447. (Pubitemid 350065333)
12. Grenfell, T. C., (1977), The optical properties of ice and snow in the arctic basin, J. Glaciol., 18 (80), 445-463.
13. Grenfell, T. C., and, D. Hedrick, (1983), Scattering of visible and near infrared radiation by NaCl ice and glacier ice, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 8 (2), 119-127, doi: 10.1016/0165-232x(83)90003-4. (Pubitemid 14473576)
14. Grenfell, T. C., and, D. K. Perovich, (1981), Radiation absorption coefficients of polycrystalline ice from 400-1400 nm, J. Geophys. Res., 86 (NC8), 7447-7450, doi: 10.1029/JC086iC08p07447.
15. Haas, C., A. Pfaffling, S. Hendricks, L. Rabenstein, J.-L. Etienne, and, I. Rigor, (2008), Reduced ice thickness in Arctic Transpolar Drift favors rapid ice retreat, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L17501, doi: 10.1029/2008GL034457.
16. Haines, E. M., R. G. Buckley, and, H. J. Trodahl, (1997), Determination of the depth dependent scattering coefficient in sea ice, J. Geophys. Res., 102 (C1), 1141-1151, doi: 10.1029/96JC02861.
17. Hamre, B., J. G. Winther, S. Gerland, J. J. Stamnes, and, K. Stamnes, (2004), Modeled and measured optical transmittance of snow-covered first-year sea ice in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, J. Geophys. Res., 109, C10006, doi: 10.1029/2003JC001926. (Pubitemid 40098780)
18. Jaffé, A., (1960), Über Strahlungseigenschaften des Gletschereises, Arch. Meteorol. Geophys. Biokl. B., 10 (3), 376-395, doi: 10.1007/BF02243201.
19. Jones, K. A., M. Ingham, and, H. Eicken, (2012), Modeling the anisotropic brine microstructure in first-year Arctic sea ice, J. Geophys. Res., 117, C02005, doi: 10.1029/2011JC007607.
20. Kaempfer, T. U., M. A. Hopkins, and, D. K. Perovich, (2007), A three-dimensional microstructure-based photon-tracking model of radiative transfer in snow, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D24113, doi: 10.1029/2006JD008239.
21. Kokhanovsky, A. A., and, E. P. Zege, (2004), Scattering optics of snow, Appl. Opt., 43 (7), 1589-1602, doi: 10.1364/AO.43.001589.
22. Krembs, C., H. Eicken, and, J. W. Deming, (2011), Exopolymer alteration of physical properties of sea ice and implications for ice habitability and biogeochemistry in a warmer Arctic, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 108 (9), 3653-3658, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1100701108.
23. Leu, E., J. Wiktor, J. E. Soreide, J. Berge, and, S. Falk-Petersen, (2010), Increased irradiance reduces food quality of sea ice algae, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 411, 49-60, doi: 10.3354/meps08647.
24. Light, B., G. A. Maykut, and, T. C. Grenfell, (2003), A two-dimensional Monte Carlo model of radiative transfer in sea ice, J. Geophys. Res., 108 (C7), 3219, doi: 10.1029/2002JC001513.
25. Light, B., T. C. Grenfell, and, D. K. Perovich, (2008), Transmission and absorption of solar radiation by Arctic sea ice during the melt season, J. Geophys. Res., 113, C03023, doi: 10.1029/2006JC003977.
26. Maffione, R. A., and, J. S. Jaffe, (1995), The average cosine due to an isotropic light source in the ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 100 (C7), 13,179-13,192, doi: 10.1029/95JC00461.
27. Maffione, R. A., J. M. Voss, and, C. D. Mobley, (1998), Theory and measurements of the complete beam spread function of sea ice, Limnol. Oceanogr., 43 (1), 34-43, doi: 10.4319/lo.1998.43.1.0034. (Pubitemid 28290132)
28. Maslanik, J. A., C. Fowler, J. Stroeve, S. Drobot, J. Zwally, D. Yi, and, W. Emery, (2007), A younger, thinner Arctic ice cover: Increased potential for rapid, extensive sea-ice loss, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L24501, doi: 10.1029/2007GL032043. (Pubitemid 351279310)
29. Miller, D., M. S. QuinbyHunt, and, A. J. Hunt, (1997), Laboratory studies of angle- and polarization-dependent light scattering in sea ice, Appl. Opt., 36 (6), 1278-1288, doi: 10.1364/ao.36.001278.
30. Mobley, C. D., G. F. Cota, T. C. Grenfell, R. A. Maffione, W. S. Pegau, and, D. K. Perovich, (1998), Modeling light propagation in sea ice, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 36 (5), 1743-1749, doi: 10.1109/36.718642. (Pubitemid 128748573)
31. Mundy, C. J., D. G. Barber, and, C. Michel, (2005), Variability of snow and ice thermal, physical and optical properties pertinent to sea ice algae biomass during spring, J. Mar. Syst., 58 (3-4), 107-120, doi: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2005.07.003. (Pubitemid 41681552)
32. Nicolaus, M., and, C. Katlein, (2013), Mapping radiation transfer through sea ice using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV), Cryosphere, 7 (3), 763-777, doi: 10.5194/tc-7-763-2013.
33. Nicolaus, M., S. R. Hudson, S. Gerland, and, K. Munderloh, (2010a), A modern concept for autonomous and continuous measurements of spectral albedo and transmittance of sea ice, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 62 (1), 14-28, doi: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2010.03.001.
34. Nicolaus, M., S. Gerland, S. R. Hudson, S. Hanson, J. Haapala, and, D. K. Perovich, (2010b), Seasonality of spectral albedo and transmittance as observed in the Arctic Transpolar Drift in 2007, J. Geophys. Res., 115, C11011, doi: 10.1029/2009JC006074.
35. Nicolaus, M., C. Katlein, J. Maslanik, and, S. Hendricks, (2012), Changes in Arctic sea ice result in increasing light transmittance and absorption, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L24501, doi: 10.1029/2012GL053738.
36. Pegau, W. S., and, J. R. V. Zaneveld, (2000), Field measurements of in-ice radiance, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 31 (1), 33-46, doi: 10.1016/s0165-232x(00)00004-5. (Pubitemid 30242152)
37. Perovich, D. K., (1990), Theoretical estimates of light reflection and transmission by spatially complex and temporally varying sea ice covers, J. Geophys. Res., 95 (C6), 9557-9567, doi: 10.1029/JC095iC06p09557.
38. Perovich, D. K., (2011), The changing Arctic sea ice cover, Oceanography, 24 (3), 162-173.
39. Perovich, D. K., K. F. Jones, B. Light, H. Eicken, T. Markus, J. Stroeve, and, R. Lindsay, (2011), Solar partitioning in a changing Arctic sea-ice cover, Ann. Glaciol., 52 (57), 192-196.
40. Petrich, C., M. Nicolaus, and, R. Gradinger, (2012a), Sensitivity of the light field under sea ice to spatially inhomogeneous optical properties and incident light assessed with three-dimensional Monte Carlo radiative transfer simulations, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 73, 1-11, doi: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2011. 12.004.
41. Petrich, C., H. Eicken, J. Zhang, J. Krieger, Y. Fukamachi, and, K. I. Ohshima, (2012b), Coastal landfast sea ice decay and breakup in northern Alaska: Key processes and seasonal prediction, J. Geophys. Res., 117, C02003, doi: 10.1029/2011JC007339.
42. Roesel, A., and, L. Kaleschke, (2012), Exceptional melt pond occurrence in the years 2007 and 2011 on the Arctic sea ice revealed from MODIS satellite data, J. Geophys. Res., 117, C05018, doi: 10.1029/2011JC007869.
43. Roulet, R. R., G. A. Maykut, and, I. C. Grenfell, (1974), Spectrophotometers for the measurement of light in polar ice and snow, Appl. Opt., 13 (7), 1652-1659, doi: 10.1364/ao.13.001652.
44. Schoonmaker, J. S., K. J. Voss, and, G. D. Gilbert, (1989), Laboratory measurements of optical beams in young sea ice, Limnol. Oceanogr., 34 (8), 1606-1613.
45. Serreze, M. C., M. M. Holland, and, J. Stroeve, (2007), Perspectives on the Arctic's shrinking sea-ice cover, Science, 315 (5818), 1533-1536, doi: 10.1126/science.1139426. (Pubitemid 46449461)
46. Timco, G. W., and, W. F. Weeks, (2010), A review of the engineering properties of sea ice, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 60 (2), 107-129, doi: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2009.10.003.
47. Trodahl, H. J., R. G. Buckley, and, S. Brown, (1987), Diffusive transport of light in sea ice, Appl. Opt., 26 (15), 3005-3011, doi: 10.1364/AO.26.003005.
48. Trodahl, H. J., R. G. Buckley, and, M. Vignaux, (1989), Anisotropic light radiance in and under sea ice, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 16 (3), 305-308, doi: 10.1016/0165-232x(89)90030-x.
49. van de Hulst, H. C., (1980), Multiple Light Scattering: Tables, Formulas, and Applications, Academic, New York.
50. Voss, J. M., R. C. Honey, G. D. Gilbert, and, R. R. Buntzen, (1992), Measuring the point-spread function of sea ice in situ, in Proceedings of the SPIE Ocean Optics XI, 1750, doi: 10.1117/12.140682.
51. Zeebe, R. E., H. Eicken, D. H. Robinson, D. WolfGladrow, and, G. S. Dieckmann, (1996), Modeling the heating and melting of sea ice through light absorption by microalgae, J. Geophys. Res., 101 (C1), 1163-1181, doi: 10.1029/95JC02687. (Pubitemid 26470388)
52. Zhao, J. P., T. Li, D. Barber, J. P. Ren, M. Pucko, S. J. Li, and, X. Li, (2010), Attenuation of lateral propagating light in sea ice measured with an artificial lamp in winter Arctic, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 61 (1), 6-12, doi: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2009.12.006.