Empire of scrounge: Inside the urban underground of dumpster diving, trash picking, and street scavenging

Empire of Scrounge: Inside the Urban Underground of Dumpster Diving, Trash Picking, and Street Scavenging

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 1-221

  Ferrell, Jeff ^a  

^a TEXAS CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

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EID: 84900290359     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
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References (182)

1. See, for example, Jeff Ferrell, "Degradation and Rehabilitation in Popular Culture," Journal of Popular Culture 24(3) (1990), pages 89-100;
2. Jeff Ferrell, "Dancing Backwards: Second-Hand Popular Cultureand the Construction of Style," in Jean Guiot and Joseph Green, editors, From Orchestras to Apartheid (North York, Ontario: Captus, 1990), pages 29-43.
3. See Jeff Ferrell, Tearing Down the Streets: Adventures in Urban Anarchy (New York: Palgrave/St. Martin's, 2001; Palgrave/Macmillan, 2002), chapter 3, on the politics ofcars and bicycles.
4. Gary Fisher quoted in Bill Strickland, editor, The Quotable Cyclist (New York: Breakaway Books, 1997), page 35.
5. See Susan Strasser, Waste and Want: A Social History of Trash (New York: Henry Holt, 1999), for more on trashand spatial margins.
6. See also Erving Goffman, The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1959), on the front stages and back stages ofsocial life.
7. Donald Cressey, Other People's Money (New York: Free Press, 1953).
8. The Worldwatch Institute, State of the World 2004 (New York: W.W. Norton, 2004), pages 4-5.
9. See, for example, Thorstein Veblen on "conspicuousleisure" and "conspicuous consumption" in The Theoryof the Leisure Class (New York: New American Library, 1953 [1899]);
10. Janet Thomas, The Battle in Seattle: The Story Behind and Beyond the WTO Demonstrations (Golden, CO: Fulcrum, 2000).
11. See Barney G. Glaser and Anselm L. Strauss, The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies of Qualitative Research (Chicago: Aldine, 1967).
12. Online Etymology Dictionary (www.etymonline.com); William Morris, editor, The American Heritage Dictionaryof the English Language (Boston: Houghton-Mi Zin, 1979), page 1168.
13. Morris, American Heritage, page 1168.
14. Strasser, Waste and Want, page 116.
15. Charles Loring Brace, The Dangerous Classes of New York, and Twenty Years Work among Them (New York: Wynkoopand Hallenbeck, 1872), pages 147, 152, 153, 154.
16. Strasser, Waste and Want, pages 73, 77, 115.
17. Stuart Henry, The Hidden Economy: The Context and Control of Borderline Crime (London: Martin Robertson, 1978), pages 4, 12.
18. www.allthingsfrugal.com.
19. Gertrude Chandler Warner, The Boxcar Children (Niles, IL: Albert Whitman and Co., 1942), inside back coverand pages 47-48.
20. Franz Lidz, Ghosty Men (New York: Bloomsbury, 2003), pages 7, 11.
21. Lars Eighner, Travels with Lizbeth (New York: Fawcett Columbine, 1993).
22. "'Junkyard' Junction," Fort Worth Star-Telegram, 12 June 2003, page 3E;
23. Robert Caldwallader, "Scrappers," Fort Worth Star-Telegram, 14 June 2003, page 18B.
24. Alexis Swerdloff, "Pop Trash: French Photo-Journalists Go Dumpster Diving with the Stars in a New Exhibit," Papermag (www.papermag.com), 2004.
25. See also, forexample, Joe Rhatigan, Salvage Style (New York: Lark Books, 2001).
26. Houston, Texas, City Councilman Mark Ellis, quoted in Rachel Graves, "City May Tell Homeless to Move Along," Houston Chronicle, 14 May 2002, pages 1A, 10A.
27. Quoted in "Search and Seizure-Garbage Searches," Harvard Law Review 102, no. 143 (November 1988), page 193; see pages 191-201.
28. Quoted in Dave Ferman, "Trophy Club Town Councilffotes to Make Scavenging in Trash a Crime," Fort Worth Star-Telegram (www.infoweb.newsbank.com), 20 January 2004.
29. See relatedly Steve Jusseaume, "Trash-Takers to Land in Heap of Trouble," Hampton Union (www.seacoastonline.com), 30 July 2002.
30. "Newark Targets 'Poachers' of Curbside Recyclable Trash," U.S. Water News (www.uswaternews.com), October 1995.
31. C. T. Butler and Keith McHenry, Food Not Bombs (Tucson, AZ: See Sharp Press, 2000), page 1, italics inoriginal; see pages 29-34.
32. See also Richard Edmondson, "The Permit Game," SFLR News (San Francisco), 31 October 1999.
33. "Know Garage Sale Guidelines," Fort Worth Star-Telegram, 24 February 2003, page 2B.
34. See Martha Deller, "Sign Fine Spurs Petition Plans in River Oaks," Fort Worth Star-Telegram, 11 June 2003, page 7B.
35. Associated Press, "Police Nab Coin-Fishing Man," Fort Worth Star-Telegram, 7 August 2002, page 9A;
36. "Woman Caught Scooping Money from Fountain," Fort Worth Star-Telegram, 10 August 2002, page 10A;
37. see Three Coinsin a Fountain (Wlm, 1954), directed by Jean Negulesco.
38. Ed Johnson, "Pond Diver Trapped in Jail for Salvaging Lost Golf Balls," Fort Worth Star-Telegram, 3 May 2002, page 5A;
39. "Golf-ball Scavenger Won't Go to Jail," Fort Worth Star-Telegram, 21 May 2002, page 5A.
40. Michael DiGregorio, "Recycling in Hanoi," Southeast Asia Discussion List (SEASIA-L@msu.edu), 5 February 1995;
41. "Vietnamese Scrap Metal Collecting," Mine Action Information Center (www.maic.jmu.edu), 17 June 2002;
42. Lisa M. Vanada, "GERGERA: Mine Action Activities in Vietnam and Laos," Journal of Mine Action: Landmines in Asia and the Pacific, Issue 5.1 (Spring 2001), page 49;
43. "Nine Kyrgyz 'Metal Hunters' Die in Dump Collapse," Reuters (www.planetark.org), 12 April 2001;
44. "Scrap Metal Thieves Raid Nuclear Lighthouse," Thomas Crosbie Media, Ireland (www.archives.tcm.ie), 24 May 2001.
45. Quoted in Hector Tobar, "Scavengers Are Gauge of Rising Poverty," Los Angeles Times (www.latimes.com), 19 November 2002.
46. See also Jon Jeter, "Scrap by Scrap, Argentines Scratch Out a Meager Living, Washington Post (www.mre.ogv.br), 6 July 2003;
47. Jonathan Goldberg, "One Man's Trash," The American Prospect (www.prospect.org/webfeatures), 21 January 2003.
48. Jack Kerouac, Lonesome Traveler (New York: Grove Press, 1960), pages 5-6.
49. Eighner, Travels with Lizbeth, pages 117-118, 121.
50. See Dan Phillips, "Making the American Dream Affordable," Fine Homebuilding, no. 136 (January 2001), pages 94-99;
51. Jason Lynch and Gabrielle Cosgriff, "Surreal Estate," People (25 March 2002), pages 81-82.
52. Jean Genet, The Thief's Journal (New York: Grove, 1964), page 19.
53. Jeff Ferrell, Crimes of Style: Urban Graffiti and the Politicsof Criminality (New York: Garland, 1993, and Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1996);
54. Jeff Ferrell and Clinton R. Sanders, editors, Cultural Criminology (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1995).
55. Jeff Ferrell and Mark. S. Hamm, editors, Ethnography atthe Edge (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1998);
56. Jeff Ferrell and Neil Websdale, editors, Making Trouble: Cultural Constructions of Crime, Deviance, and Control (New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 1999);
57. Jeff Ferrell, Tearing Down the Streets: Adventures in Urban Anarchy (New York: Palgrave/St. Martin's/Macmillan, 2001/2002).
58. See, for example, Stephen Lyng, editor, Edgework: The Sociology of Risk (New York: Routledge, 2005);
59. Jack Katz, Seductions of Crime (New York: Basic Books, 1988); Ferrell, Crimes of Style.
60. See Michel de Certeau, The Practice of Everyday Life (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984).
61. See The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie (Wlm, 1972), directed by Luis Buñuel.
62. Susan Strasser, Waste and Want: A Social History of Trash (New York: Henry Holt, 1999), page 101.
63. Lars Eighner, Travels with Lizbeth (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993), page 121.
64. Anonymous, Evasion (Atlanta: Crimeth Inc., 2003), page 68.
65. Zoe Bake-Paterson, "The Art of Dumpster Diving," Martlet This Week 56, no. 17 (8 January 2004) (www.martlet.ca).
66. See relatedly Jeff Ferrell, "Speed Kills," Critical Criminology 11 (2003), pages 185-198;
67. Jeff Ferrell, Tearing Down the Streets (New York: Palgrave/Macmillan, 2002).
68. Susan Strasser, Waste and Want: A Social History of Trash (New York: Henry Holt, 1999), pages 77-78.
69. Barbara Ann Kipfer, editor, Roget's 21st Century Thesaurus (New York: Delacorte, 1992), page 739.
70. H. L. Mencken, Supplement II, The American Language (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1948), pages 722, 782.
71. Katherine L. Lipscomb and Virginia B. Chamberlain, editors, Fort Worth Social Directory 1981-1983 (Fort Worth, TX: Fort Worth Social Directory Association, 1981), pages 45-46, 196. All names and identifyinginformation in this chapter have been changed.
72. Jeff Ferrell, "Degradation and Rehabilitation in Popular Culture," Journal of Popular Culture 24, no. 3 (1990), pages 89-100;
73. Jeff Ferrell, "Dancing Backwards: Second-Hand Popular Culture and the Construction of Style," in Jean Guiot and Joseph Green, editors, From Orchestras to Apartheid (North York, Ontario: Captus Press, 1990), pages 29-43.
74. Gregory Lee Cuellar, "Unheard Voice" (letter to theeditor), Fort Worth Star-Telegram, 9 July 2003, page 10B.
75. In Bud Kennedy, "Church 'Shop' Given a Second Chance," Fort Worth Star-Telegram, 28 June 2003, pages B1, B13;
76. Bud Kennedy, "Church Women Could Use a Little Grace from the City," Fort Worth Star-Telegram, 31 May 2003, pages B1, B5.
77. Howard S. Becker, Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance (New York: Free Press, 1963).
78. See, for example, Judy Att Weld, Wild Things: The Material Culture of Everyday Life (Oxford, UK: Berg, 2000), pages 121-148.
79. Susan Strasser, Waste and Want: A Social History of Trash (New York: Henry Holt, 1999), page 10.
80. See Naomi Klein, No Logo (New York: Picador, 2000) (and www.nologo.org);
81. William Greider, One World, Ready or Not: The Manic Logic of Global Capitalism (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1997).
82. A number of these furnishings can be seen in the photosincluded with Jeff Ferrell, "How I Skipped Work and Found a Secret World," The Times (London), 18 November 2004, pages 4-5;
83. Thomas Bartlett, "The Emperor of Scrounge," Chronicle of Higher Education, 26 March 2004, pages A10-A12.
84. Charles Loring Brace, The Dangerous Classes of New York (New York: Wynkoop and Hallenbeck, 1872), pages 152- 153.
85. Anna M. Tinsley, "City Code Watchers Are Hitting the Streets," Fort Worth Star-Telegram, 5 May 2004, pages 1B, 9B.
86. See Andrew Jacobs, "The Accidental Environmentalist," New York Times, 25 September 2004, page A24.
87. Peter Kropotkin, "Mutual Aid," in Peter Kropotkin, The Essential Kropotkin, ed. Emile Capouya and KeithaTompkins (New York: Liveright, 1975), page 207.
88. Leslie Hemstreet, "Out of the Dumpster," unpublished manuscript.
89. Anna M. Tinsley, "City Code Watchers Are Hitting the Street," Fort Worth Star-Telegram, 5 May 2004, page 1B.
90. "Fort Worth City Page," Fort Worth Star-Telegram, 25 August 2003.
91. Tinsley, "City Code Watchers Are Hitting the Street," page 1B;
92. "No Posting on City Poles," on the "Fort Worth City Page," Fort Worth Star-Telegram, 13 September 2004.
93. Martha Deller, "Sign Fine Spurs Petition Plans in River Oaks," Fort Worth Star-Telegram, 11 June 2003, page 7B.
94. C. T. Lawrence Butler and Keith McHenry, Food Not Bombs, rev. ed. (Tucson, AZ: See Sharp Press, 2000), page 96 and unnumbered pages.
95. Joshua Bernstein, "Trash Clan," at www.infoshop.org, 1 March 2004;
96. Chris Carlsson, editor, Critical Mass: Bicycling's Defiant Celebration (Oakland, CA: AK Press, 2002), page 22.
97. See Jeff Ferrell, Tearing Down the Streets (New York: Palgrave/Macmillan, 2001/2002), pages 91-147;
98. Garth Batista, editor, Bicycle Love (Halcottsville, NY: Breakaway Books, 2004).
99. In Aman Batheja, "Web Service Gives Altruists a Home Page," Fort Worth Star-Telegram, 7 March 2004, pages 1B, 4B. Thanks also to Meda Chesney-Lind for informationon Hawaiian free stores.
100. Neil Seldman and Mark Jackson, "Deconstruction: Deconstruction Shifts from Philosophy to Business," at Institute for Local Self-Reliance (www.ilsr.org), July 2000, page 1;
101. Karen Brophy, Joedy Isert, Michelle Kennedy, and Becky Haskin, as quoted in Mike Lee, "Zoning Puts Dentin Habitat Homes," Fort Worth Star-Telegram, 28 March 2004, pages 1B, 6B.
102. In Anna M. Tinsley, "Program OVers Incentives for Glass Bottles," Fort Worth Star-Telegram, 2 June 2003, pages 1B, 9B.
103. Jon Jeter, "Scrap by Scrap, Argentines Scratch Out a Meager Living," Washington Post (www.mre.gov.br), 6 July 2003;
104. Hector Tobar, "Scavengers Are Gauge of Rising Poverty," Los Angeles Times (www.latimes.com), 19 November 2002.
105. Leah Ollman, "The Lives of Hannah Hoch," Art in America, April 1998, pages 101-105.
106. See, for example, Raoul Vaneigem, The Revolution of Everyday Life (London: Rebel Press, 2001 [1967]);
107. Greil Marcus, Lipstick Traces: A Secret History of the Twentieth Century (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1989).
108. Bill Donahue, "Roadside Relic," Metropolis (www.metropolis.com), March 2002;
109. Judith McWillie, "(Inter)Cultural (Inter)Connections," Public Art Review 4, no. 1 (1992), pages 14-15.
110. Lucy Lippard, Mixed Blessings: New Art in a Multicultural America (New York: Pantheon, 1990), page 66.
111. Greg Bottoms, "The Gospel According to James," Utne Reader 110 (2002), pages 77-80;
112. see Lynda Roscoe Hartigan, "From Garage to Gallery: James Hampton's Capital Monument," Public Art Review 4, no. 1 (1992), pages 20-21, 26;
113. Charlene Cerny, Suzanne Seriff, and John Bigelow Taylor, editors, Recycled Re-Seen: Folk Artfrom the Global Scrap Heap (New York: Harry Abrams, 1996).
114. David Biddle, "Dumpster Diving for Pro Wt and Passion," In Business Magazine (www.jgpress.com), May/June 1999;
115. James Sullivan, "Trash Turns into Treasure as New Art Form Evolves," San Francisco Chronicle, 22 April 2004, page C17;
116. Amy Nevala, "Welder Recycles Scrap into Bovine Pasture Art," Seattle Post-Intelligencer (http://seattlepi.nwsource.com), 15 January 2000;
117. Jim Powers at www.powersville.net; Robyn Hoffman, "Farm Junk as Art," American Profile (www.americanproWle.com), 17-23 March 2002.
118. See also Ferrell, Tearing Down the Streets, for other examples of contemporaryscrap art; and Michael Wallis and Jack Parsons, Heaven's Window (Santa Fe: Graphic Arts Center Publishing, 2001), on Los Alamos scrap turned into art.
119. Davy Rothbart, Found (New York: Fireside, 2004).
120. In Barry Shlachter, "Guitar Man," Fort Worth Star-Telegram, 28 July 2003, pages 1C, 8C. Sadly, Schaefer hasnow moved to Minnesota.
121. Amber Nimocks, "Pet Projects," Fort Worth Star-Telegram, 26 July 2003, page 3E.
122. Bryon Okada, "Heavy Metal," Fort Worth Star-Telegram, 20 May 2003, page 12B.
123. See also Jenice Johnson, "'Junk' Turns to Earth Day Treasures," The Shorthorn (University of Texas at Arlington) (www.theshorthorn.com), 17 April 2002.
124. See Steve Earle, "Ellis Unit One," Sidetracks (album/CD, 2002), E-Squared.
125. Jason Lynch and Gabrielle Cosgriff, "Surreal Estate," People, 25 March 2002, pages 81-82;
126. Dan Phillips, "Making the American Dream AVordable," Fine Homebuilding 136 (January 2001), pages 94-99.
127. Dan Phillips, "Do It Again, Leon," unpublished manuscript.
128. See John Dewey, Art as Experience (New York: Perigree, 1980 [1934]).
129. Carl Sandburg, "Notes for a Preface," in Carl Sandburg, The Complete Poems of Carl Sandburg (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1969/1970), page xxxi.
130. Vollis Simpson quoted on Egg: The Arts Show (PBS/WNET), 2001.
131. See Jeff Ferrell, Crimes of Style: Urban Graffiti and the Politics of Criminality (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1996).
132. Thorstein Veblen, The Theory of the Leisure Class (New York: New American Library, 1953 [1899]).
133. See Andrea Jares, "All Stored Up," Fort Worth Star-Telegram, 8 August 2004, pages 1F, 6F.
134. Thorstein Veblen, The Portable Veblen, ed. Max Lerner (New York: Viking, 1970 [1948]), pages 112, 116, 117.
135. William Greider, "Those Dark Satanic Mills," in David Newman and Jodi O'Brien, editors, Sociology: Exploringthe Architecture of Everyday Life (Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge, 2002), pages 320-331 (quotation page 327).
136. Lars Eighner, Travels with Lizbeth (New York: St. Martin's, 1993), page 119.
137. Jonathan Goldberg, "One Man's Trash," American Prospect (www.prospect.org), 30 January 2004.
138. In Anna Tinsley, "'Bottle Bounty' Funds Drying Up," Fort Worth Star-Telegram, 26 January 2004, page B10.
139. In Andrew Jacobs, "The Accidental Environmentalist," New York Times, 25 September 2004, page A24.
140. Dick Hebdige, Subculture: The Meaning of Style (London: Methuen, 1979), page 102.
141. Burkhard Bilger, "God Doesn't Need Ole Anthony," New Yorker, 6 December 2004, pages 70-81. My thanks to Mark Hamm for this.
142. See Raoul Veneigem, The Revolution of Everyday Life (London: Rebel Press, 2001 [1967]).
143. As quoted in Anna Tinsley, "Garbage Bills Will Increase," Fort Worth Star-Telegram, 16 June 2002, pages 1B, 9B;
144. Anna Tinsley and April Marciszewski, "City Considers Increasing Rate to Fund Trash Cleanup," Fort Worth Star-Telegram, 24 June 2002, page 11B.
145. As quoted in Michael Grabell, "Panhandling Fines Do Little to Deter Long-term Homeless," Dallas Morning News, 11 November 2003, pages 1A, 14A, 15A;
146. Kim Horner, "Losing Their Cart Blanche," Dallas Morning News (www.wfaa.com), 14 January 2004.
147. See Michael Grabell, "Homeless Find Ways to Roll with Shopping Cart Ban," Dallas Morning News (www.wfaa.com), 8 March 2004.
148. In "Newark Targets 'Poachers' of Curbside Recyclable Trash," U.S. Water News (www.uswaternews.com), October 1995.
149. Email, Jaime Lozano to Gary Liss (http://greenyes.grrn.org), 3 July 2003.
150. See also Randall Amster, Street People and the Contested Realms of Public Space (New York: LFB, 2004).
151. Allan Turner, "'Civility' Push, Light Rail Tough on Panhandlers," Houston Chronicle (www.HoustonChronicle.com), 16 June 2002.
152. Hector Tobar, "Scavengers Are Gauge of Rising Poverty," Los Angeles Times (www.latimes.com), 19 November 2002.
153. Michel de Certeau, The Practice of Everyday Life (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984);
154. Keith Hayward, City Limits: Crime, Consumerism and the Urban Experience (London: Glasshouse, 2004);
155. Jock Young, "Merton with Energy, Katz with Structure: The Sociology of Vindictiveness and the Criminology of Transgression," Theoretical Criminology 7, no. 3 (2003), pages 389-414; quotation page 390.
156. See Jeff Ferrell, "Degradation and Rehabilitation in Popular Culture," Journal of Popular Culture 24, no. 3 (1990), pages 89-100.
157. Jock Young, "Cannibalism and Bulimia: Patterns of Social Control in Late Modernity," Theoretical Criminology 3, no. 4 (1999), pages 387-407.
158. Chris Carlsson, "Cycling under the Radar: Assertive Desertion," in Chris Carlsson, editor, Critical Mass: Bicycling's Defiant Celebration (Oakland: AK Press, 2002), pages 75-82; quotation page 82.
159. See Jeff Ferrell, Crimes of Style: Urban Graffiti and the Politics of Criminality (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1996).
160. See Robert Levine, A Geography of Time (New York: Basic Books, 1997);
161. Carl Honore, In Praise of Slowness (San Francisco: Harper Collins, 2004);
162. Jeff Ferrell, "Speed Kills," Critical Criminology 11, no. 3 (2003), pages 185- 198.
163. Jack Kerouac, On the Road (New York: New American Library, 1955), page 172.
164. Harold Gar Wnkel, Studies in Ethnomethodology (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1967), page 37.
165. Hugh Mehan and Houston Wood, The Reality of Ethnomethodology (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1975), page 117;
166. Michael Keith, "Street Sensibility? Negotiating the Political by Articulating the Spatial," in Andy Merri Weldand Erik Swyngedouw, editors, The Urbanization of Injustice (New York: New York University Press, 1997), pages 137-160; quotation pages 143, 144.
167. Michel de Certeau, The Practice of Everyday Life (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984), pages 93, 95, 97.
168. Greil Marcus, Lipstick Traces: A S istory of the Twentieth Century (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1989);
169. Jeff Ferrell, Tearing Down the Streets: Adventures in Urban Anarchy (New York: Palgrave/Macmillan, 2002).
170. Ivan Chtcheglov, "Formularyfora New Urbanism," 1953. Reproducedat www.bopsecrets.org, emphasisinoriginal.
171. Guy Debord, "Theory of the Dérive," 1958. Reproducedat www.bopsecrets.org. Interestingly, Debord alsoreferences the work of the Chicago School ofsociology/criminology on concentric urban zones.
172. Quotations from http://socialwction.org/psychogeography; and Joseph Hart, "A New Way of Walking," Utne Reader (July-August 2004), pages 40-43; quotationpage 41.
173. See also Jeff Ferrell, "Boredom, Crime, and Criminology," Theoretical Criminology 8, no. 3 (2004), pages 287-302.
174. See Jack Katz, Seductions of Crime (New York: Basic Books, 1988).
175. Edward Soja, Postmodern Geographies (London: Verso, 1989), page 11;
176. See Jeff Ferrell, "Criminological Verstehen: Inside the Immediacy of Crime," Justice Quarterly 14, no. 1 (1997), pages 3-23.
177. See Jock Young, "Searching for a New Criminology of Everyday Life: A Review of 'The Culture of Control,'" British Journal of Criminology 42 (2002), pages 228-261;
178. Mike Presdee, Cultural Criminology and the Carnival of Crime (London: Routledge, 2000);
179. For more on cultural criminology, jazz, and improvisation, see Jeff Ferrell, "Boredom, Crime, and Criminology," Theoretical Criminology 8, no. 3 (2004), pages 287-302;
180. Jeff Ferrell, "The Aesthetics of Cultural Criminology," in Bruce Arrigo and Chris Williams, editors, Philosophy, Crime, and Criminology (Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2005), forthcoming.
181. See also Howard Becker's classicsociology of jazz in Howard S. Becker, Outsiders: Studiesin the Sociology of Deviance (New York: Free Press, 1963).
182. Raoul Vaneigem, The Revolution of Everyday Life (London: Rebel Press, 2001 [1967]), page 195.