Old world, new world: Great Britain and America from the beginning

America's 'Special Relationships': Foreign and Domestic Aspects of the Politics of Alliance

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 24-44

  Burk, Kathleen ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 84900255815     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203872703     Document Type: Chapter

References (101)

1. Raymond Seitz, Over Here, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1998, p. 322.
2. For a more detailed overview and references, see Kathleen Burk, Old World, New World: The Story of Britain and America, London: Little, Brown, 2007, pp. 23-88.
3. Pauline Maier, American Scripture: Making the Declaration of Independence, New York: Vintage, 1998, p. 29.
4. Ian K. Steele, 'The Anointed, the Appointed, and the Elected: Governance of the British Empire, 1689-1784', in Peter Marshall (ed.) The Oxford History of the British Empire, Volume II: The Eighteenth Century, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998, p. 121;
5. Stephen Conway, 'From Fellow-Nationals to Foreigners: British Perceptions of the Americans, circa 1739-83', William and Mary Quarterly, 2002, vol. 59, pp. 82-83;
6. Jack P. Greene, Peripheries and Center: Constitutional Development in the Extended Politics of the British Empire and the United States, 1607-1788, Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1986, pp. 57-58.
7. Ned Landsman, From Colonials to Provincials: American Thought and Culture 1680-1760, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1997, pp. 3-47.
8. Conway, 'From Fellow-Nationals to Foreigners', pp. 82-83.
9. Bradford Perkins, Prologue to War: England and the United States, 1805-1812, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1968, p. 377
10. Francis D. Cogliano, Revolutionary America 1763-1815: A Political History, London: Routledge, 2000, p. 180. The term was also used by, for example, Senator James Henry Hammond in a speech to the Senate on 4 March 1858, (accessed 19 January 2008).
11. C. Vann Woodward, The Old World's New World, New York: Oxford University Press, 1991, p. xvi. For an overview
12. see Burk, Old World, New World, Chapter 4.
13. Harriet Martineau, Society in America, 2 vols, 4th edn., New York: Saunders and Otley, 1877, I, p. 156.
14. Frances Trollope, Domestic Manners of the Americans, 5th edn., London: Richard Bentley, 1839, 1st pub. 1832, p. 295.
15. Philip Collins, 'Charles Dickens 1812-70', in Marc Pachter and Frances Wein (eds) Abroad in America: Visitors to the New Nation 1776-1914, Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley for the National Portrait Gallery, 1976, p. 84.
16. Dickens to John Forster, 13 Sept. 1841, in Benjamin Lease, Anglo-American Encounters: England and the Rise of American Literature, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981, p. 88.
17. Charles Dickens, Martin Chuzzlewit and American Notes, 2 vols, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1894, I [Martin Chuzzlewit], pp. 463-64.
18. Matthew Arnold, Civilization in the United States: First and Last Impressions of America, Boston: Cupples and Hurd, 1888, p. 190.
19. Harriet Beecher Stowe, Sunny Memories of Foreign Lands, 2 vols, Boston: Phillips, Sampson, 1854, I, pp. 14, 18.
20. Lease, Anglo-American Encounters, pp. 255-57.
21. Mark Twain, A Yankee at the Court of King Arthur, London: Chatto & Windus, 1890, p. 77.
22. Ralph Waldo Emerson, English Traits, Boston: Phillips, Sampson, 1856, pp. 41-42.
23. William Reitzel, 'The Purchasing of English Books in Philadelphia, 1790-1800', Modern Philology, 1937, vol. 35, p. 159.
24. De Tocqueville, Democracy in America, II, part 1, Chapter 21, p. 446.
25. Lease, Anglo-American Encounters, pp. 144, 237, 199, 255;
26. Burk, Old World, New World, pp. 356-58.
27. Stephen Spender, Love-Hate Relations: A Study of Anglo-American Sensibilities, London: Hamish Hamilton, 1974, p. 146;
28. Burk, Old World, New World, pp. 364-68.
29. Perkins, The Great Rapprochement, p. 137.
30. W.E. Adams, Our American Cousins: Being Personal Impressions of the People and Institutions of the United States, London: Walter Scott, 1883, p. iv.
31. Anthony Trollope, North America, 2 vols, London: Chapman & Hall, 1862, II, p. 462.
32. Arnold, Civilization in the United States, p. 71.
33. W. T. Stead, The Americanisation of the World, On the Trend of the Twentieth Century: The Review of Reviews Annual, New York: Horace Markley, 1902, p. 14.
34. Burk, Old World, New World, pp. 411-36.
35. Kathleen Burk, Britain, America and the Sinews of War 1914-1918, London: George Allen & Unwin, 1985, passim.
36. Kathleen Burk, 'Money and Power: The Shift from Great Britain to the United States', in Youssef Cassis (ed.) Finance and Financiers in European History, 1880-1960, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992, pp. 363-64;
37. Paul Einzig, The Fight for Financial Supremacy, London: Macmillan, 1931, p. 52;
38. Kathleen Burk, 'The House of Morgan in Financial Diplomacy', in B. J. C. McKercher (ed.) Anglo-American Relations in the 1920s: The Struggle for Supremacy, London: Macmillan, 1991, pp. 125-57.
39. Phillips Payson O'Brien, British and American Naval Power: Politics and Policy, 1900-1936, Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1998, p. 5.
40. Paul Kennedy, The Rise and Fall of British Naval Mastery, London: Macmillan, 1983, p. 263;
41. John R. Ferris, 'The Symbol and Substance of Seapower: Great Britain, the United States, and the One-Power Standard, 1919-21', in McKercher (ed.) Anglo-American Relations in the 1920s, pp. 56-72;
42. Stephen Roskill, Naval Policy Between the Wars, Volume I: The Period of Anglo-American Antagonism 1919-1929, New York: Walker, 1968, pp. 225-26, 302, 310-28, 498-502;
43. O'Brien, British and American Naval Power, 166-99;
44. Akira Iriye, The Cambridge History of American Foreign Relations: The Globalizing of America, 1913-1945, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993, p. 82;
45. B. J. C. McKercher, '"The Deep and Latent Distrust": The British Official Mind and the United States, 1919-29', in McKercher (ed.) Anglo-American Relations in the 1920s, p. 223;
46. B. J. C. McKercher, The Second Baldwin Government and the United States, 1924-1929: Attitudes and Diplomacy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984, pp. 65-71;
47. Winston Churchill, 'Reduction and Limitation of Armaments: The Naval Conference', 29 June 1927, CAB 24/187, fols. 189-90, Cabinet Papers, UK National Archive, Kew, London (hereafter cited as CAB);
48. Diary, June-August 1927, in Philip Williamson (ed.) The Modernisation of Conservative Politics: The Diaries and Letters of William Bridgeman, 1904-1936 [First Lord of the Admiralty], London: The Historians' Press, 1988;
49. Burk, Old World, New World, pp. 464-73.
50. O'Brien, British and American Naval Power, pp. 210-15.
51. Thomas Jones, A Diary With Letters 1931-1950, London: Oxford University Press, 1954, p. 30.
52. B. J. C. McKercher, Transition of Power: Britain's Loss of Global Pre-eminence to the United States 1930-1945, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999, p. 248.
53. Kathleen Burk, 'The Lineaments of Foreign Policy: The United States and a "New World Order", 1919-39', Journal of American Studies, 1992, vol. 26, p. 380.
54. Winston Churchill, News of the World, 22 May 1938. Churchill is attributing this to Bismarck, not quoting him.
55. Mark A. Stoler, Allies in War: Britain and America against the Axis Powers 1940-1945, London: Hodder Arnold, 2005, pp. 140-42;
56. David Dilks (ed.), The Diaries of Sir Alexander Cadogan O.M., 1938-1945, New York, G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1972, p. 582.
57. John Baylis, Anglo-American Defence Relations 1939-1984, 2nd edn., London: Macmillan, 1984, Document 2.2, pp. 42-43.
58. Francis Williams, Twilight of Empire: Memoirs of Prime Minister Clement Attlee, as Set Down by Francis Williams, Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1978, p. 119.
59. Margaret Gowing, Independence and Deterrence: Britain and Atomic Energy, Volume I: Policy Making, London: UK Atomic Energy Authority and Macmillan, 1974, p. 174.
60. Ian Clark and Nicholas J. Wheeler, The British Origins of Nuclear Strategy, 1945-1955, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989, p. 214.
61. Christopher Andrew, Secret Service: The Making of the British Intelligence Community, London: Heinemann, 1985, passim;
62. Christopher Andrew, For the President's Eyes Only: Secret Intelligence and the American Presidency from Washington to Bush, London: HarperCollins, 1995, pp. 34-47, 78;
63. James Thurber, 'Exhibit X', Alarms and Diversions, New York: Harper & Brothers, [1957], pp. 117-22;
64. Arthur S. Link, Wilson: Campaigns for Progressivism and Peace, 1916-1917, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1965, pp. 354-57;
65. Jim Beach, 'Origins of the Special Intelligence Relationship? Anglo-American Intelligence Co-operation on the Western Front, 1917-18', Intelligence and National Security, 2007, vol. 22, pp. 229-49;
66. Burk, Old World, New World, pp. 449-54.
67. Robert G. Angevine, 'Gentlemen Do Read Each Other's Mail: American Intelligence in the Interwar Era', Intelligence and National Security, 1992, vol. 7, pp. 1-29.
68. Christopher Andrew, 'Anglo-American-Soviet Intelligence Relations', in Ann Lane and Howard Temperley (eds) The Rise and Fall of the Grand Alliance, 1941-45, London: Macmillan, 1995, passim;
69. John Chapman, 'Signals Intelligence Warfare', I. C. B. Dear (ed.) The Oxford Companion to the Second World War, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995, p. 1005;
70. Jeffrey T. Richelson and Desmond Ball, The Ties That Bind, 2nd edn., Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1990, pp. 4-7.
71. Jonathan Colman, A 'Special Relationship?': Harold Wilson, Lyndon B. Johnson and Anglo-American Relations 'at the Summit', Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2004, p. 114;
72. Jeffrey Pickering, Britain's Withdrawal from East of Suez: The Politics of Retrenchment, London: Macmillan, 1998, pp. 168-86;
73. John Freeman, 'United States Review for 1970. Mr Freeman's Farewell Despatch', 8 January 1971, FCO 42/82, Foreign and Commonwealth Office Papers, the UK National Archive, Kew, London (hereafter cited as FCO); Cromer to Douglas Home, 'The Middle East War and US/UK Relations', 9 January 1974, FCO 82/304;
74. Kathleen Burk and Alex Cairncross, 'Good-bye Great Britain': The 1976 IMF Crisis, London: Yale University Press, 1992, passim;
75. Burk, Old World, New World, pp. 615-30.
76. Louise Richardson, When Allies Differ: Anglo-American Relations During the Suez and Falklands Crises, New York: St Martin's Press, 1996, pp. 113-39, 202;
77. Sir Henry Leach, in 1982 the First Sea Lord and Chief of Naval Staff, 'The Falklands War', 5 June 2002, Centre for Contemporary British History seminar, (accessed 19 January 2008);
78. Admiral Harry D. Train, in 1982 the US Commander in Chief, Atlantic Command, 'Falklands Roundtable', Presidential Oral History Program, Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia, 15-16 May 2003, (accessed 19 January 2008);
79. Sir Lawrence Freedman, The Official History of the Falklands Campaign, Volume I: The Origins of the Falklands War, London: Routledge, 2005, pp. 172-90;
80. Jeane Kirkpatrick, 'Falklands Roundtable';
81. Nicholas Henderson, Mandarin: The Diaries of an Ambassador 1969-1982, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1994, pp. 448-53;
82. Michael Charlton, The Little Platoon: Diplomacy and the Falklands Dispute, Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1989, pp. 168, 176;
83. Alexander Haig, Caveat: Realism, Reagan, and Foreign Policy, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1984, p. 266;
84. D. George Boyce, The Falklands War, London: Palgrave, 2005, p. 57;
85. General Paul Gorman, in 1982 assistant to the Chair, Joint Chiefs of Staff, and David Gompert, deputy to the Under Secretary for Political Affairs and part of Secretary Haig's mediation team, both 'Falklands Roundtable';
86. Nicholas Henderson, Channels and Tunnels: Reflections on Britain and Abroad, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1987, p. 107;
87. Caspar Weinberger, Fighting for Peace: Seven Critical Years in the Pentagon, New York: Warner Books, 1990, p. 205;
88. Duncan Anderson, The Falklands War 1982, Oxford: Osprey, 2002, pp. 43, 92;
89. Freedman, The Official History of the Falklands Campaign, Volume II: War and Diplomacy, pp. 516-17;
90. Henry Brandon, Special Relationships: A Foreign Correspondent's Memoirs from Roosevelt to Reagan, London: Macmillan, 1988, p. 392;
91. George P. Shultz, Turmoil and Triumph: My Years as Secretary of State, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1993, p. 152;
92. John Nott, Here Today, Gone Tomorrow: Recollections of an Errant Politician, London: Politico's, 2002, pp. 242-43;
93. Robin Renwick, Fighting with Allies: America and Britain in Peace and War, Houndmills: Macmillan, 1996, pp. 258-70;
94. Lawrence Freedman and Efraim Karsh, The Gulf Conflict 1990-1991: Diplomacy and War in the New World Order, London: Faber and Faber, 1994, pp. 42-47, 346-47, 409, Table 16;
95. Margaret Thatcher, The Downing Street Years, London: HarperCollins, 1993, pp. 817-24;
96. John Dumbrell, A Special Relationship: Anglo-American Relations from the Cold War to Iraq, 2nd edn., London: Palgrave, 2006, pp. 206-7;
97. James Baker, The Politics of Diplomacy: Revolution, War and Peace 1989-1992, New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1995, pp. 278-79;
98. Peter de la Billiẽre, Storm Command, London: HarperCollins, 1992, pp. 26, 39-40, 123-24, 304-5;
99. Norman Schwarzkopf, It Doesn't Take a Hero, London: Bantam Press, 1993, p. 478;
100. Burk, Old World, New World, pp. 630-43.
101. Burk, Old World, New World, pp. 656-58, 609-15.