Representations of gender: Policies to "protect" women workers and infants in France and the United States before 1914

Women, the State, and Welfare

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 152-177

  Jenson, Jane ^a,b  

^a CARLETON UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84900077425     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (53)

1. Linda Gordon, Woman's Body, Woman's Right: A Social History of Birth Control in America (New York: Viking, 1976),48
2. Mary Lynn Stewart (-McDougall), "Protecting Infants: The French Campaign for Maternity Leaves, 1890s-1913," French Historical Studies, vol. XIII, 79-105.
3. Franoise Thebaud, "Donner la vie: Histoire de la maternite en France entre les deux guerres," These de Troisieme Cycle, Paris VII, 1982, 88
4. Rachel Fuchs, "Morality and Poverty: Public Welfare for Mothers in Paris, 1870-1900," French History, vol. 2, no. 3, 290-94, 304.
5. John Blake, "Origins of Maternal and Child Health Programs," in The Health of Women and Children (New York: Arno, 1977; originally published in 1953), 9-11
6. Janet Golden, "Trouble in the Nursery: Physicians, Families and Wet Nurses at the End of the Nineteenth Century," in "To Toil the Livelong Day": America's Women at Work, 1780-1980, ed. Carol Groneman and Mary Beth Norton (Ithaca, N. Y.: Cornell University Press, 1987).
7. Jane Jenson, "Friend or Foe: Women and State Welfare," in Becoming Visible: Women in European History, ed. Renate Bridenthal, Claudia Koonz, and Susan Stuard (Boston: Houghton-Mifflin, 1987), 543-44.
8. Marilyn Boxer, "Protective Legislation and Home Industry: The Marginalization of Women Workers in Late Nineteenth-Early Twentieth Century France," Journal of Socinl History, vol. 20, no. 1 (1986): 45-65
9. Gary S. Cross, "The Quest for Leisure: Reassessing the Eight-Hour Day in France," Journal of Socinl History, vol. 18, no. 2 (1984): 195-216.
10. Mary Lynn Stewart (-McDougall), "Paternalism, Patriarchy and Protection: The Rhetoric of Labor Reform, 1880s and 1890s," paper presented to the Annual Meeting of French Historical Studies, Columbia, South Carolina, March 1988, 4-5
11. Boxer, "Protective Legislation and Home Industry," 52-53
12. Judith A. Baer, The Chains of Protection: The Judicial Response to Women's Labor Legislation (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1978)
13. Susan Lehrer, Origins of Protective Labor Legislation For Women, 1905-1925 (Albany: State University of New York, 1987)
14. Ann Corinne Hill, "Protection of Women Workers and the Courts: A Legal Case History," Feminist Studies, vol. 5, no. 2 (1979): 247-73.
15. Richard W. Wertz and Dorothy C. Wertz, Lying-In: A History of Childbirth in America (New York: The Free Press, 1977), 224-25.
16. Sheila B. Kamerman, Alfred J. Kahn, and Paul Kingston, Maternity Policies and Working Women (New York: Columbia University Press, 1983), 33.
17. Grace L. Meigs, "Maternal Mortality from all Conditions Connected with Childbirth in the United States and Certain Other Countries," in The Health of Women and Children (New York: Arno, 1977
18. Blake, "Origins," l3ff. and Wertz and Wertz, Lying-In, 202ff.
19. Blake, " Origins," 22
20. Blake, "Origins," 36
21. Meigs, "Maternal Mortality," 9
22. Sonya Michel, "From Civic Usefulness to Federal Maternalism," paper presented to the Berkshire Conference of Women's Historians, Wellesley College, June 1987
23. Robert Boyer, "Wage Formation in Historical Perspective: The French Experience," Cambridge Journal of Economics 3 (1979): 104ff
24. Henri Hatzfeld, Du Pauperisme a La securite sociale: Essai sur les origines de La securite sociale en France, 1850-1940 (Paris: Armand Colin, 1971),25
25. Joan W. Scott, " 'L'Ouvriere! Mot impie, sordide...' Women Workers in the Discourse of French Political Economy, 1840-1860," in The Historical Meaning of Work, ed. Patrick Joyce (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987), 126.
26. Karen Offen, "Depopulation, Nationalism and Feminism in Fin-de-Siecle France," American Historical Review (June 1984)
27. Jane Jenson, "Gender and Reproduction: Or, Babies and the State," Studies in Political Economy, no. 20 (1986): 17-20.
28. Offen, "Depopulation," 663 discusses this in more detail
29. Madeleine Reberioux et al., "Hubertine Auclert et la question des femmes a 'l'immortel congres' (1879)," Romantisme: Revue du dix-neuvieme siecie, nos. 13-14 (1976): 133.
30. Offen, "Depopulation," 652
31. Jane Jenson, "Changing Discourse, Changing Agendas: Political Rights and Reproductive Policies in France," in The Women's Movement of Western Europe and the USA: Consciousness, Political Opportunity and Public Policy, ed. Mary Katzenstein and Carol Mueller (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1987).
32. Charles Sowerwine, "Workers and Women in France before 1914: The Debate over the Couriau Affair," Journal of Modern History, vol. 55, 9 (1983): 412.
33. Sowerwine, "The Coriau Affair"; Marie-Helene Zylberberg-Hocquard, Feminisme et syndicalisme en France (Paris: Anthropos, 1978), chap. III.
34. Jenson, "Babies and the State," 31
35. John Weiss, "Origins of the French Welfare System: Poor Relief in the Third Republic, 1871-1914," French Historical Studies, vol. XIII, no. 1 (Spring 1983): 47-78
36. J. E. S. Hayward, "The Official Social Philosophy of the French Third Republic: Leon Bourgeois and Solidarism," International Review of Social History 6 (1961): 19-48.
37. Offen, "Depopulfltion," 652
38. Stephen Skowronek, Building a New American State: The Expansion of National Administrative Capacities, 1877-1920 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982)
39. Martin Shefter, "Trade Unions and Political Machines: The Organization and Disorganization of the American Working Class in the Late Nineteenth Century" in Working-Class Form£ltion: Nineteenth-Century Patterns in Western Europe and the United States, ed. Ira Katznelson and Aristide Zolberg (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1986), 199ff.
40. Skowronek, Building a New American State, Part II, Introduction
41. Skowronek, Building a New American State, 41
42. Skowronek, Building a New American State, 166ff
43. Nancy Cott, The Grounding of Modern Feminism (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1987), Introduction.
44. Paula Baker, "The Domestication of Politics: Women and American Political Society, 1780-1920," this volume
45. Gordon, Woman's Body, Woman's Right, 129ff
46. Lehrer, Origins of Protective Labor Legislation, 126, 142
47. Baer, The Chains of Protection, 33
48. Nancy Schrom Dye, "Feminism or Unionism? The New York Women's Trade Union League and the Labor Movement," Signs 3, nos. 1-2 (1975): 111-25
49. Lehrer, Origins of Protective Legislation, chap. 6.
50. Jane Jenson, "The Talents of Women, The Skills of Men: Flexible Specialization and Women," in The Transformation of Work ?, ed. Stephen Wood (London: Unwin Hyman, 1989).
51. Lehrer, Origins of Protective Labor Legislation, 142-44
52. Cott, The Grounding of Modern Feminism, chap. 8.
53. Cott, The Grounding of Modern Feminism, 24