Heroic efforts: The emotional culture of search and rescue volunteers

Heroic Efforts: The Emotional Culture of Search and Rescue Volunteers

Volumn , Issue , 2003, Pages 1-232

  Lois, Jennifer ^a  

^a WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84900055568     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (226)

1. Adams, David S. 1987. "Ronald Reagan's 'Revival': Voluntarism as a Theme in Reagan's Civil Religion." Sociological Analysis 48: 17-29.
2. Aderman, David, and Leonard Berkowitz. 1970. "Observational Set, Empathy, and Helping." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 14: 141-48.
3. Adler, Patricia A., and Peter Adler. 1987. Membership Roles in Field Research. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
4. Adler, Patricia A., and Peter Adler. 1989. "The Gloried Self: The Aggrandizement and the Construction of Self." Social Psychology Quarterly 52: 299-310.
5. Adler, Patricia A., and Peter Adler. 1991. "Stability and Flexibility: Maintaining Relations within Organized and Unorganized Groups." Pp. 173-83 in Experiencing Fieldwork: An Inside View of Qualitative Research, edited by William B. Shaffir and Robert A. Stebbins. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
6. Altman, Irwin, and Dalmas A. Taylor. 1973. The Development of Interpersonal Relationships. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
7. Altork, Kate. 1995. "Walking the Fire Line: The Erotic Dimension of the Fieldwork Experience." Pp. 107-39 in Taboo: Sex, Identity and Erotic Subjectivity in Anthropological Fieldwork, edited by Don Kulick and Margaret Wilson. New York: Routledge.
8. Aronfreed, Justin. 1970. "The Socialization of Altruistic and Sympathetic Behavior: Some Theoretical and Experimental Analyses." Pp. 103-26 in Altruism and Helping Behavior, edited by Jacqueline R. Macaulay and Leonard Berkowitz. New York: Academic Press.
9. Baldwin, Clara P., and Alfred L. Baldwin. 1970. "Children's Judgments of Kindness." Child Development 41: 29-47.
10. Batson, C. Daniel, and Jay S. Coke. 1981. "Empathy: A Source of Altruistic Motivation for Helping?" Pp. 169-88 in Altruism and Helping Behavior: Social, Personality, and Developmental Perspectives, edited by J. Philippe Rushton and Richard M. Sorrentino. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
11. Batson, C. Daniel, Janine L. Dyck, J. Randall Brandt, Judy G. Batson, Anne L. Powell, M. Rosalie McMaster, and Cari A. Griffitt. 1988. "Five Studies Testing Two New Egoistic Alternatives to the Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 55: 52-77.
12. Baum, Howell S. 1990. Organizational Membership: Personal Development in the Workplace. Albany: SUNY Press.
13. Becker, Howard S. 1963. Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance. New York: Free Press.
14. Bell, Robert R. 1981. Worlds of Friendship. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
15. Bellah, Robert N., Richard Madsen,William M. Sullivan, Ann Swidler, and Steven M. Tipton. 1985. Habits of the Heart: Individualism and Commitment in American Life. Berkeley: University of California Press.
16. Berkowitz, Bill. 1987. Local Heroes: The Rebirth of Heroism in America. Lexington, MA: Heath.
17. Blumer, Herbert. 1969. Symbolic Interactionism: Perspective and Method. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
18. Bolton, Sharon C. 2001. "Changing Faces: Nurses as Emotional Jugglers." Sociology of Health and Illness 23: 85-100.
19. Brabant, Sarah. 1997. "Guilt and Shame: Problematic Emotions in Grief Counseling." Pp. 103-24 in Social Perspectives on Emotion, vol. 4, edited by Rebecca J. Erickson and Beverley Cuthbertson-Johnson. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
20. Buchanan, Bruce II. 1974. "Building Organizational Commitment: The Socialization of Managers in Work Organizations." Administrative Science Quarterly 19: 533-46.
21. Cahill, Spencer E., and Robin Eggleston. 1994. "Managing Emotions in Public: The Case of Wheelchair Users." Social Psychology Quarterly 57: 300-12.
22. Campbell, D'Ann, with Francine D'Amico. 1999. "Lessons on Gender Integration from the Military Academies." Pp. 67-79 in Gender Camouflage: Women and the U.S. Military, edited by Francine D'Amico and Laurie Weinstein. New York: New York University Press.
23. Campbell, Joseph. 1968. The Hero with a Thousand Faces. 2d ed. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
24. Cancian, Francesca M., and Steven L. Gordon. 1988. "Changing Emotion Norms in Marriage: Love and Anger in U.S. Women's Magazines Since 1900." Gender & Society 2: 308-42.
25. Caplow, Theodore. 1964. Principles of Organization. New York: Harcourt, Brace, and World.
26. Chin, Tiffani. 2000. "'Sixth Grade Madness': Parental Emotion Work in the Private High School Application Process." Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 29: 124-63.
27. Cialdini, Robert B., Richard J. Borden, Avril Thorne, Marcus Randall Walker, Stephen Freeman, and Lloyd Reynolds Sloan. 1976. "Basking in Reflected Glory: Three (Football) Field Studies." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 34: 366-75.
28. Cialdini, Robert B., Mark Schaller, Donald Houlihan, Kevin Arps, Jim Fultz, and Arthur L. Beaman. 1987. "Empathy-Based Helping: Is It Selflessly or Selfishly Motivated?" Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 52: 749-58.
29. Clark, Candace. 1990. "Emotions and Micropolitics in Everyday Life: Some Patterns and Paradoxes of 'Place.'" Pp. 305-33 in Research Agendas in the Sociology of Emotions, edited by Theodore D. Kemper. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
30. Clark, Candace. 1997. Misery and Company: Sympathy in Everyday Life. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
31. Clark, Margaret S., and Harry T. Reis. 1988. "Interpersonal Processes in Close Relationships." Annual Review of Psychology 39: 609-72.
32. Clifford, Hal. 1995. The Falling Season: Inside the Life and Death Drama of Aspen's Mountain Rescue Team. New York: Harper Collins.
33. Cohen, Peter. 1973. The Gospel According to the Harvard Business School. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
34. Connell, R. W. 1987. Gender and Power: Society, the Person, and Sexual Politics. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
35. Cooley, Charles Horton. [1902] 1964. Human Nature and the Social Order. New York: Schocken Books.
36. Darley, John M., and C. Daniel Batson. 1973. "From Jerusalem to Jericho: A Study of Situational and Dispositional Variables in Helping Behavior." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 27: 100-108.
37. DeCoster, Vaughn A. 1997. "Physician Treatment of Patient Emotions: An Application of the Sociology of Emotion." Pp. 151-77 in Social Perspectives on Emotion, vol. 4, edited by Rebecca J. Erickson and Beverley Cuthbertson-Johnson. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
38. Denzin, Norman K. 1970. "Rules of Conduct and the Study of Deviant Behavior: Some Notes on the Social Relationship." Pp. 62-94 in Social Relationships, edited by George J. McCall. Chicago: Aldine.
39. Douglas, Jack D. 1976. Investigative Social Research. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
40. Douglas, Jack D. 1984. "The Emergence, Security, and Growth of the Sense of Self." Pp. 69-99 in The Existential Self in Society, edited by Joseph A. Kotarba and Andrea Fontana. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
41. Edelstein, Alan. 1996. Everybody Is Sitting on the Curb: How and Why America's Heroes Disappeared. Westport, CT: Praeger.
42. Eisenberg, Nancy. 1986. Altruistic Emotion, Cognition, and Behavior. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
43. Erikson, Kai T. 1976. Everything in Its Path. New York: Simon and Schuster.
44. Etzioni, Amitai. 1964. Modern Organizations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
45. Exley, Catherine, and Gayle Letherby. 2001. "Managing a Disrupted Lifecourse: Issues of Identity and Emotion Work." Health 5: 112-32.
46. Featherstone, Mike. 1992. "The Heroic Life and Everyday Life." Theory, Culture, and Society 9: 159-82.
47. Fehr, Beverley. 1996. Friendship Processes. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
48. Feldman, Daniel Charles. 1976. "A Contingency Theory of Socialization." Administrative Science Quarterly 21: 433-54.
49. Fellner, Carl H., and John R. Marshall. 1981. "Kidney Donors Revisited." Pp. 351-65 in Altruism and Helping Behavior: Social, Personality, and Developmental Perspectives, edited by J. Philippe Rushton and Richard M. Sorrentino. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates.
50. Fine, Gary Alan. 1993. "Ten Lies of Ethnography: Moral Dilemmas of Field Research." Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 22: 267-94.
51. Fine, Gary Alan. 1998. Morel Tales: The Culture of Mushrooming. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
52. Fine, Gary Alan, and Lori Holyfield. 1996. "Secrecy, Trust, and Dangerous Leisure: Generating Group Cohesion in a Voluntary Organization." Social Psychology Quarterly 59: 22-38.
53. Folkman, Susan. 1984. "Personal Control and Stress and Coping Processes: A Theoretical Analysis." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 46: 839-52.
54. Fothergill, Alice. 1999. "Women's Roles in a Disaster." Applied Behavioral Science Review 7: 1-19.
55. Fox, Kathryn J. 1987. "Real Punks and Pretenders: The Social Organization of a Counterculture." Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 16: 344-70.
56. Francis, Linda E. 1994. "Laughter, the Best Mediation: Humor as Emotion Management in Interaction." Symbolic Interaction 17: 147-63.
57. Francis, Linda E. 1997a. "Emotion, Coping, and Therapeutic Ideologies." Pp. 71-101 in Social Perspectives on Emotion, vol. 4, edited by Rebecca J. Erickson and Beverley Cuthbertson-Johnson. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
58. Francis, Linda E. 1997b. "Ideology and Interpersonal Emotion Management: Redefining Identity in Two Support Groups." Social Psychology Quarterly 60: 153-71.
59. Gallmeier, Charles P. 1991. "Leaving, Revisiting, and Staying in Touch: Neglected Issues in Field Research." Pp. 224-31 in Experiencing Fieldwork: An Inside View of Qualitative Research, edited by William B. Shaffir and Robert A. Stebbins. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
60. Gans, Herbert. 1968. "The Participant Observer as a Human Being: Observations on the Personal Aspects of Fieldwork." Pp. 300-17 in Institutions and the Person, edited by Howard S. Becker, Blanche Geer, David Riesman, and Robert Weiss. Chicago: Aldine.
61. Gecas, Viktor. 1989. "The Social Psychology of Self-Efficacy." Annual Review of Sociology 15: 291-316.
62. Geertz, Clifford. 1973. The Interpretation of Cultures. New York: Basic Books.
63. Gibbs, Margaret, Juliana R. Lachenmeyer, Arlene Broska, and Richard Deucher. 1996. "Effects of the AVIANCA Aircrash on Disaster Workers." International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 14: 23-32.
64. Glaser, Barney, and Anselm Strauss. 1965. Awareness of Dying. Chicago: Aldine.
65. Glaser, Barney, and Anselm Strauss. 1967. The Discovery of Grounded Theory. Chicago: Aldine.
66. Glaser, Barney, and Anselm Strauss. 1968. Time for Dying. Chicago: Aldine.
67. Goffman, Erving. [1955] 1982. "On Face-Work." Pp. 5-45 in Interaction Ritual: Essays on Face-to-Face Behavior. New York: Pantheon.
68. Goffman, Erving. [1956] 1982. "Embarrassment and Social Organization." Pp. 97-112 in Interaction Ritual: Essays on Face-to-Face Behavior. New York: Pantheon.
69. Goffman, Erving. 1959. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. New York: Anchor.
70. Goffman, Erving. 1961a. Asylums. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
71. Goffman, Erving. 1961b. Encounters: Two Studies in the Sociology of Interaction. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill.
72. Goffman, Erving. 1963a. Behavior in Public Places: Notes on the Social Organization of Gatherings. New York: Free Press.
73. Goffman, Erving. 1963b. Stigma. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
74. Goffman, Erving. 1974. Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
75. Goffman, Erving. 1989. "On Field Work." Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 18: 123-32.
76. Gold, Raymond L. 1958. "Roles in Sociological Observations." Social Forces 36: 217-23.
77. Goldsmith, Daena J., and Susan A. Dun. 1997. "Sex Differences and Similarities in the Communication of Social Support." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 14: 317-37.
78. Goode,William J. 1978. The Celebration of Heroes: Prestige as a Social Control System. Berkeley: University of California Press.
79. Gordon, Steven L. 1989. "Institutional and Impulsive Orientations in Selectively Appropriating Emotions to Self." Pp. 115-35 in The Sociology of Emotions: Original Essays and Research Papers, edited by David D. Franks and E. Doyle McCarthy. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
80. Gouldner, Alvin W. 1960. "The Norm of Reciprocity: A Preliminary Statement." Annual Sociological Review 25: 161-77.
81. Gove, Walter R., Michael Geerken, and Michael Hughes. 1979. "Drug Use and Mental Health among a Representative National Sample of Young Adults." Social Forces 58: 572-90.
82. Griffin, Christine. 1991. "The Researcher Talks Back: Dealing with Power Relations in Studies of Young People's Entry into the Job Market." Pp. 109-19 in Experiencing Fieldwork: An Inside View of Qualitative Research, edited by William B. Shaffir and Robert A. Stebbins. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
83. Gross, Edward, and Gregory P. Stone. 1964. "Embarrassment and the Analysis of Role Requirements." American Journal of Sociology 70: 1-15.
84. Guba, Egon G., and Yvonna S. Lincoln. 1994. "Competing Paradigms in Qualitative Research." Pp. 105-17 in Handbook of Qualitative Research, edited by Norman K. Denzin and Yvonna S. Lincoln. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
85. Gurney, Joan Neff. 1991. "Female Researchers in Male-Dominated Settings: Implications for Short-Term versus Long-Term Research." Pp. 53-61 in Experiencing Fieldwork: An Inside View of Qualitative Research, edited by William B. Shaffir and Robert A. Stebbins. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
86. Harrell,W. Andrew. 1986. "Masculinity and Farming-Related Accidents." Sex Roles 15: 467-78.
87. Hewitt, John P. 1989. Dilemmas of the American Self. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
88. Hochschild, Arlie R. 1979. "Emotion Work, Feeling Rules, and Social Structure." American Journal of Sociology 85: 551-75.
89. Hochschild, Arlie R. 1983. The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling. Berkeley: University of California Press.
90. Hochschild, Arlie R. 1989. The Second Shift. New York: Avon Books.
91. Hochschild, Arlie R. 1990. "Ideology and Emotion Management: A Perspective and Path for Future Research." Pp. 117-42 in Research Agendas in the Sociology of Emotions, edited by Theodore D. Kemper. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
92. Hodgkinson, Virginia, and Murray Weitzman. 1992. The Charitable Behavior of Americans. Washington, DC: Independent Sector.
93. Holyfield, Lori. 1997. "Generating Excitement: Experienced Emotion in Commercial Leisure." Pp. 257-81 in Social Perspectives on Emotion, vol. 4, edited by Rebecca J. Erickson and Beverley Cuthbertson-Johnson. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
94. Holyfield, Lori. 1999. "Manufacturing Adventure: The Buying and Selling of Emotions." Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 28: 3-32.
95. Holyfield, Lori, and Gary Alan Fine. 1997. "Adventure as Character Work: The Collective Taming of Fear." Symbolic Interaction 20: 343-63.
96. Homans, George C. 1984. Social Behavior: Its Elementary Forms. Rev. ed. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
97. Honeycutt, James M. 1986. "A Model of Marital Functioning Based on an Attraction Paradigm and Social-Penetration Dimensions." Journal of Marriage and the Family 48: 651-67.
98. Hunt, Jennifer. 1984. "The Development of Rapport through the Negotiation of Gender in Field Work among Police." Human Organization 43: 283-96.
99. Irvine, Leslie. 1999. Codependent Forevermore: The Invention of Self in a Twelve-Step Group. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
100. Irwin, John. 1970. The Felon. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
101. Jenkins, Sharon Rae. 1996. "Social Support and Debriefing Efficacy among Emergency Medical Workers after a Mass Shooting Incident." Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 11: 477-92.
102. Jonas, Lilian M. 1999. "Making and Facing Danger: Constructing Strong Character on the River." Symbolic Interaction 22: 247-68.
103. Jones, Lynn Cerys. 1997. "Both Friend and Stranger: How Crisis Volunteers Build and Manage Unpersonal Relationships with Clients." Pp. 125-48 in Social Perspectives on Emotion, vol. 4, edited by Rebecca J. Erickson and Beverley Cuthbertson-Johnson. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
104. Jorgensen, Danny L. 1989. Participant Observation: A Methodology for Human Studies. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
105. Kanter, Rosabeth Moss. 1968. "Commitment and Social Organization: A Study of Commitment Mechanisms in Utopian Communities." American Sociological Review 33: 409-17.
106. Kanter, Rosabeth Moss. 1977. Men and Women of the Corporation. New York: Basic Books.
107. Katz, Jack. 1999. How Emotions Work. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
108. Kelley, Harold H. 1972. Causal Schemata and the Attribution Process. New York: General Learning Press.
109. Kemper, Theodore D., and Muriel T. Reid. 1997. "Love and Liking in the Attraction and Maintenance Phases of Long-Term Relationships." Pp. 37-69 in Social Perspectives on Emotion, vol. 4, edited by Rebecca J. Erickson and Beverley Cuthbertson-Johnson. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
110. Kimmel, Michael. 1996. Manhood in America: A Cultural History. New York: Free Press.
111. King, Gary, Steven R. Delaronde, Raymond Dinoi, and Ann Forsberg. 1996. "Substance Use, Coping, and Safer Sex Practices among Adolescents with Hemophilia and Human Immunodeficiency Virus." Journal of Adolescent Health 18: 435-41.
112. Kitsuse, John. 1962. "Societal Reactions to Deviant Behavior: Problems of Theory and Method." Social Problems 9: 247-56.
113. Klapp, Orrin E. 1962. Heroes, Villains, and Fools. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
114. Kleinman, Sherryl, and Martha A. Copp. 1993. Emotions and Fieldwork. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
115. Knapp, Mark L. 1983. "Dyadic Relationship Development." Pp. 179-207 in Nonverbal Interaction, edited by John M. Wiemann and Randall P. Harrison. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
116. Kohn, Alfie. 1990. The Brighter Side of Human Nature: Altruism and Empathy in Everyday Life. New York: Basic Books.
117. Kohn, Melvin L. 1977. Class and Conformity: A Study in Values, 2d ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
118. Kohn, Melvin L., and Carmi Schooler. 1983. Work and Personality: An Inquiry into the Impact of Social Stratification. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
119. Konradi, Amanda. 1999. "'I Don't Have to Be Afraid of You': Rape Survivors' Emotion Management in Court." Symbolic Interaction 22: 45-77.
120. Kotarba, Joseph A. 1984. "A Synthesis: The Existential Self in Society." Pp. 222-34 in The Existential Self in Society, edited by Joseph A. Kotarba and Andrea Fontana. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
121. Kübler-Ross, Elisabeth. 1969. On Death and Dying. New York: Macmillan.
122. Kurth, Suzanne B. 1970. "Friendships and Friendly Relations." Pp. 136-70 in Social Relationships, edited by George J. McCall. Chicago: Aldine.
123. Lazarus, Richard S., and Susan Folkman. 1984. Stress, Appraisal, and Coping. New York: Springer.
124. Leahy, Robert L. 1979. "Development of Conceptions of Prosocial Behavior: Information Affecting Rewards Given for Altruism and Kindness." Developmental Psychology 15: 34-37.
125. Lively, Kathryn J. 2000. "Reciprocal Emotion Management: Working Together to Maintain Stratification in Private Law Firms." Work and Occupations 27: 32-63.
126. Lofland, John. 1976. Doing Social Life. New York: Wiley.
127. Lofland, John, and Lyn H. Lofland. 1984. Analyzing Social Settings: A Guide to Qualitative Observation and Analysis. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
128. Lyng, Stephen. 1990. "Edgework: A Social Psychological Analysis of Voluntary Risk Taking." American Journal of Sociology 95: 851-86.
129. Lyng, Stephen, and David A. Snow. 1986. "Vocabularies of Motive and High Risk Behavior: The Case of Skydiving." Pp. 157-79 in Advances in Group Processes, vol. 3, edited by Edward J. Lawler. Greenwich, CT: JAI.
130. Mannon, James M. 1992. Emergency Encounters: EMTs and Their Work. Boston, MA: Jones and Bartlett.
131. Martin, Susan Ehrlich. 1980. Breaking and Entering: Police Women on Patrol. Berkeley: University of California Press.
132. McCarthy, E. Doyle. 1989. "Emotions Are Social Things: An Essay in the Sociology of Emotions." Pp. 51-72 in The Sociology of Emotions: Original Essays and Research Papers, edited by David D. Franks and E. Doyle McCarthy. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
133. Mead, George Herbert. 1934. Mind, Self, and Society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
134. Messner, Michael A. 1992. Power at Play: Sports and the Problem of Masculinity. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
135. Metz, Donald L. 1981. Running Hot: Structure and Stress in Ambulance Work. Cambridge, MA: Abt Books.
136. Miller, Laura L. 1997. "Not Just Weapons of the Weak: Gender Harassment as a Form of Protest for Army Men." Social Psychology Quarterly 60: 32-51.
137. Mills, Trudy, and Sherryl Kleinman. 1988. "Emotions, Reflexivity, and Action: An Interactionist Analysis." Social Forces 66: 1009-27.
138. Mirowsky, John, and Catherine E. Ross. 1995. "Sex Differences in Distress: Real or Artifact?" American Sociological Review 60: 449-68.
139. Mishara, Brian L., and Guy Giroux. 1993. "The Relationship between Coping Strategies and Perceived Stress in Telephone Intervention Volunteers at a Suicide Prevention Center." Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 23: 221-29.
140. Mitchell, Richard G., Jr. 1983. Mountain Experience: The Psychology and Sociology of Adventure. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
141. Mitchell, Richard G., 1991. "Secrecy and Disclosure in Fieldwork." Pp. 97-108 in Experiencing Fieldwork: An Inside View of Qualitative Research, edited by William B. Shaffir and Robert A. Stebbins. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
142. Moran, Carmen, Neil R. Britton, and Ben Correy. 1992. "Characterising Voluntary Emergency Responders: Report of a Pilot Study." International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 10: 207-16.
143. Mortimer, Jeylan T., and John Lorence. 1979. "Occupational Experience and the Self-Concept: A Longitudinal Study." Social Psychology Quarterly 42: 307-23.
144. Mortimer, Jeylan T., John Lorence, and Donald S. Kumka. 1986. Work, Family, and Personality: Transition to Adulthood. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
145. Morton, Marian J., and William P. Conway. 1977. "Cowboy without a Cause: His Image in Today's Popular Music." Antioch Review 35: 193-204.
146. Mullaney, Jamie L. 1999. "Making It 'Count': Mental Weighing and Identity Attribution." Symbolic Interaction 22: 269-83.
147. Oliner, Samuel P. 2000. "Extraordinary Acts of Ordinary People: Faces of Altruism and Heroism." Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Pacific Sociological Association, San Diego.
148. Oliner, Samuel P., and Pearl M. Oliner. 1988. The Altruistic Personality: Rescuers of Jews in Nazi Europe. New York: Free Press.
149. Olson, Mancur. 1965. The Logic of Collective Action. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
150. Palmer, C. Eddie. 1983. "'Trauma Junkies' and Street Work: Occupational Behavior of Paramedics and Emergency Medical Technicians." Urban Life 12: 162-83.
151. Palmer, C. Eddie, and Sheryl M. Gonsoulin. 1990. "Paramedics, Protocols, and Procedures: 'Playing Doc' as Deviant Role Performance." Deviant Behavior 11: 207-19.
152. Parsons, Talcott. 1951. The Social System. New York: Free Press.
153. Patterson, Joan M., and Hamilton I.McCubbin. 1984. "Gender Roles and Coping." Journal of Marriage and the Family 46: 95-104.
154. Pearce, Jone. 1993. Volunteers: The Organizational Behavior of Unpaid Workers. New York: Routledge.
155. Perkins, Kenneth B. 1987. "Volunteer Fire Departments: Community Integration, Autonomy, and Survival." Human Organization 46: 342-48.
156. Perkins, Kenneth B., and Carole W.Metz. 1988. "Note on Commitment and Community among Volunteer Firefighters." Sociological Inquiry 58: 117-21.
157. Peterson, Lizette. 1983a. "Influence of Age, Task Competence, and Responsibility Focus on Children's Altruism." Developmental Psychology 19: 141-48.
158. Peterson, Lizette. 1983b. "Role of Donor Competence, Donor Age, and Peer Presence on Helping in an Emergency." Developmental Psychology 19: 873-80.
159. Pierce, Jennifer L. 1995. Gender Trials: Emotional Lives in Contemporary Law Firms. Berkeley: University of California Press.
160. Piliavin, Jane Allyn, and Peter L. Callero. 1991. Giving Blood: The Development of an Altruistic Identity. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
161. Piliavin, Jane Allyn, and Hong-Wen Charng. 1990. "Altruism: A Review of Recent Theory and Research." Annual Review of Sociology 16: 27-65.
162. Piliavin, Jane Allyn, John F. Dovidio, Samuel L. Gaertner, and Russell D. Clark III. 1981. Emergency Intervention. New York: Academic Press.
163. Pillsbury, Gerald. 1998. "First-Person Singular and Plural: Strategies for Managing Ego-and Sociocentrism in Four Basketball Teams." Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 26: 450-78.
164. Porter, Lyman W., Edward E. Lawler III, and J. Richard Hackman. 1975. Behavior in Organizations. New York: McGraw-Hill.
165. Prus, Robert. 1996. Symbolic Interaction and Ethnographic Research: Intersubjectivity and the Study of Human Lived Experience. Albany: SUNY Press.
166. Rafaeli, Anat, and Robert I. Sutton. 1991. "Emotional Contrast Strategies as Means of Social Influence: Lessons from Criminal Interrogators and Bill Collectors." Academy of Management Journal 34: 749-75.
167. Reis, Harry T., and Phillip Shaver. 1988. "Intimacy as an Interpersonal Process." Pp. 367-89 in Handbook of Personal Relationships: Theory, Relationships, and Interventions, edited by Steve W. Duck. Chichester, UK: Wiley.
168. Riemer, Jeffrey W. 1998. "Durkheim's 'Heroic Suicide' in Military Combat." Armed Forces and Society 25: 103-20.
169. Robinson, Michael D., and Joel T. Johnson. 1997. "Is It Emotion or Is It Stress? Gender Stereotypes and the Perception of Subjective Experience." Sex Roles 36: 235-58.
170. Roehling, Patricia V., Nikole Koelbel, and Christina Rutgers. 1996. "Codependence and Conduct Disorder: Feminine versus Masculine Coping Responses to Abusive Parenting Practices." Sex Roles 35: 603-18.
171. Rubin, Lillian B. 1985. Just Friends: The Role of Friendship in Our Lives. New York: Harper and Row.
172. Sadler, Georgia Clark. 1999. "From Women's Services to Servicewomen." Pp. 39-54 in Gender Camouflage: Women and the U.S. Military, edited by Francine D'Amico and Laurie Weinstein. New York: New York University Press.
173. Schachter, Stanley, and Jerome E. Singer. 1962. "The Interactions of Cognitive and Physiological Determinants of Emotional State." Psychological Review 69: 379-99.
174. Schein, Edgar H. 1968. "Organizational Socialization and the Profession of Management." Industrial Management Review 9: 1-15.
175. Schein, Edgar H. 1978. Career Dynamics: Matching Individual and Organizational Needs. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
176. Schulman, Paul R. 1996. "Heroes, Organizations, and High Reliability." Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management 4: 72-82.
177. Segal, David R., and Mady Wechsler Segal. 1993. Peacekeepers and Their Wives. Westport, CT: Greenwood.
178. Shaffir, William B. 1991. "Managing a Convincing Self-Presentation: Some Personal Reflections on Entering the Field." Pp. 72-82 in Experiencing Fieldwork: An Inside View of Qualitative Research, edited by William B. Shaffir and Robert A. Stebbins. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
179. Sigmon, Sandra T., Annette L. Stanton, and C. R. Snyder. 1995. "Gender Differences in Coping: A Further Test of Socialization and Role Constraint Theories." Sex Roles 33: 565-87.
180. Simmel, Georg. 1950. The Sociology of Georg Simmel, translated by Kurt H.Wolff. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
181. Smith, Allen C. III, and Sherryl Kleinman. 1989. "Managing Emotions in Medical School: Students' Contacts with the Living and Dead." Social Psychology Quarterly 52: 56-69.
182. Snow, David A. 1980. "The Disengagement Process: A Neglected Problem in Participant Observation Research." Qualitative Sociology 3: 100-122.
183. Snow, David A., and Leon Anderson. 1987. "Identity Work among the Homeless: The Verbal Construction and Avowal of Personal Identities." American Journal of Sociology 92: 1336-71.
184. Stearns, Peter N. 1994. American Cool: Constructing a Twentieth-Century Emotional Style. New York: New York University Press.
185. Stebbins, Robert A. 1991. "Do We Ever Leave the Field? Notes on Secondary Fieldwork Involvements." Pp. 248-55 in Experiencing Fieldwork: An Inside View of Qualitative Research, edited by William B. Shaffir and Robert A. Stebbins. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
186. Stebbins, Robert A. 1996. "Volunteering: A Serious Leisure Perspective." Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 25: 211-24.
187. Stein, Michael. 1989. "Gratitude and Attitude: A Note on Emotional Welfare." Social Psychology Quarterly 52: 242-48.
188. Strauss, Anselm. [1973] 1998. "America: In Sickness and in Health." Society 35: 108-14.
189. Suttles, Gerald D. 1970. "Friendship as a Social Institution." Pp. 95-135 in Social Relationships, edited by George J. McCall. Chicago: Aldine.
190. Sutton, Robert I. 1991. "Maintaining Norms about Expressed Emotions: The Case of Bill Collectors." Administrative Science Quarterly 36: 245-68.
191. Swierczewski, Ryszard. 1978. "The Athlete-the Country's Representative As a Hero." International Review of Sport Sociology 13: 89-98.
192. Sykes, Gresham, and David Matza. 1957. "Techniques of Neutralization: A Theory of Delinquency." American Sociological Review 22: 664-70.
193. Taylor, Steven J. 1991. "Leaving the Field: Research, Relationships, and Responsibilities." Pp. 238-47 in Experiencing Fieldwork: An Inside View of Qualitative Research, edited by William B. Shaffir and Robert A. Stebbins. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
194. Thoits, Peggy A. 1984. "Coping, Social Support, and Psychological Outcomes: The Central Role of Emotion." Pp. 219-38 in Review of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 5, edited by Phillip Shaver. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
195. Thoits, Peggy A. 1986. "Social Support as Coping Assistance." Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 54: 416-23.
196. Thoits, Peggy A. 1990. "Emotional Deviance: Research Agendas." Pp. 180-203 in Research Agendas in the Sociology of Emotions, edited by Theodore D. Kemper. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
197. Thoits, Peggy A. 1995. "Identity-Relevant Events and Psychological Symptoms: A Cautionary Tale." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 36: 72-82.
198. Thoits, Peggy A. 1996. "Managing the Emotions of Others." Symbolic Interaction 19: 85-110.
199. Thompson, Alexander M. III. 1993. "Volunteers and Their Communities: A Comparative Analysis of Volunteer Fire Fighters." Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 22: 155-66.
200. Thompson, Hunter S. 1971. Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas: A Savage Journey to the Heart of the American Dream. New York: Warner.
201. Thornton, Patricia. 1991. "Subject to Contract? Volunteers As Providers of Community Care for Elderly People and Their Supporters." Journal of Aging Studies 5: 181-94.
202. Turner, Ralph H. 1976. "The Real Self: From Institution to Impulse." American Journal of Sociology 81: 989-1016.
203. Van Maanen, John. 1976a. "Breaking In: Socialization to Work." Pp. 67-130 in Handbook of Work, Organization, and Society, edited by Robert Dubin. Chicago: Rand McNally.
204. Van Maanen, John. 1976b. "Rookie Cops and Rookie Managers." Wharton Magazine 1: 49-55.
205. Van Maanen, John. 1991. "Playing Back the Tape: Early Days in the Field." Pp. 31-42 in Experiencing Fieldwork: An Inside View of Qualitative Research, edited by William B. Shaffir and Robert A. Stebbins. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
206. Van Maanen, John, and Edgar H. Schein. 1979. "Toward a Theory of Organizational Socialization." Pp. 209-64 in Research in Organizational Behavior, vol. 1, edited by Barry M. Staw. Greenwich, CT: JAI.
207. Walster, Elaine, G. William Walster, and Ellen Berscheid. 1978. Equity Theory and Research. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
208. Walter, Tony. 1995. "Natural Death and the Noble Savage." Omega 30: 237-48.
209. Wanous, John P. 1992. Organizational Entry: Recruitment, Selection, Orientation, and Socialization of Newcomers. 2d ed. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
210. Warren, Carol A. B. 1988. Gender Issues in Field Research. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
211. Wax, Rosalie H. 1971. Doing Fieldwork: Warnings and Advice. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
212. Wax, Rosalie H. 1979. "Gender and Age in Fieldwork and Fieldwork Education: No Good Thing Is Done by Any Man Alone." Social Problems 26: 509-22.
213. Wells, Paula J. 1993. "Preparing for Sudden Death: Social Work in the Emergency Room." Social Work 38: 339-42.
214. West, Candace, and Don H. Zimmerman. 1987. "Doing Gender." Gender & Society 1: 125-51.
215. Whalen, Jack, and Don H. Zimmerman. 1998. "Observations on the Display and Management of Emotion in Naturally Occurring Activities: The Case of "Hysteria" in Calls to 9-1-1." Social Psychology Quarterly 61: 141-59.
216. Whitson, David. 1990. "Sport in the Social Construction of Masculinity." Pp. 19-30 in Sport, Men, and the Gender Order: Critical Feminist Perspectives, edited by Michael A. Messner and Donald F. Sabo. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
217. Williams, Christine L. 1989. Gender Differences at Work: Women and Men in Non-Traditional Occupations. Berkeley: University of California Press.
218. Wilson, John, and Marc A. Musick. 1999. "Attachment to Volunteering." Sociological Forum 14: 243-72.
219. Wolf, Daniel R. 1991. "High-Risk Methodology: Reflections on Leaving an Outlaw Society." Pp. 211-23 in Experiencing Fieldwork: An Inside View of Qualitative Research, edited by William B. Shaffir and Robert A. Stebbins. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
220. Wolkomir, Michelle. 2001. "Emotion Work, Commitment, and the Authentication of the Self: The Case of Gay and Ex-Gay Christian Support Groups." Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 30: 305-34.
221. Woodward, Rachel. 2000. "Warrior Heroes and Little Green Men: Soldiers, Military Training, and the Construction of Rural Masculinities." Rural Sociology 65: 640-57.
222. Wuthnow, Robert. 1994. Sharing the Journey: Support Groups and America's New Quest for Community. New York: Free Press.
223. Yang, Guobin. 2000. "Achieving Emotions in Collective Action: Emotional Processes and Movement Mobilization in the 1989 Chinese Student Movement." Sociological Quarterly 41: 593-614.
224. Yoder, Janice D., and Patricia Aniakudo. 1996. "When Pranks Become Harassment: The Case of African American Women Firefighters." Sex Roles 35: 253-70.
225. Yoder, Janice D., and Patricia Aniakudo. 1997. "'Outsider Within' the Firehouse: Subordination and Difference in the Social Integration of African American Women Firefighters." Gender & Society 11: 324-41.
226. Zurcher, Louis A. 1977. The Mutable Self: A Self-Concept for Social Change. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.