Tongnaab: The history of a West African god

Tongnaab: The History of a West African God

Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages 1-300

  Allman, Jean ^a   Parker, John ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84900054123     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (241)

1. Addo-Fening, Robert. Akyem Abuakwa, 1700-1943: From Ofori Panin to Sir Ofori Atta. Trondheim, 1997.
2. Akyeampong, Emmanuel Kwaku. Drink, Power, and Cultural Change: A Social History of Alcohol in Ghana, c. 1800 to Recent Times. Portsmouth, N.H., 1996.
3. Allman, Jean. The Quills of the Porcupine: Asante Nationalism in an Emergent Ghana. Madison, 1993.
4. Allman, Jean, ed. Fashioning Africa: Power and the Politics of Dress. Bloomington, 2004.
5. Allman, Jean, and Victoria Tashjian. "I Will Not Eat Stone": A Women's History of Colonial Asante. Portsmouth, N.H., 2000.
6. Anafu, Moses. "The Impact of Colonial Rule on Tallensi Political Institutions, 1898-1967." Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana 14 (1973): 17-37.
7. Apter, Andrew. "Atinga Revisited: Yoruba Witchcraft and the Cocoa Economy, 1950-1951." In Modernity and Its Malcontents: Ritual Power in Postcolonial Africa, ed. Jean Comaroff and John Comaroff, 89-128. Chicago, 1993.
8. Arhin, Kwame. "Savanna Contributions to the Asante Political Economy." In The Golden Stool: Studies of the Asante Center and Periphery, ed. Enid Schildkrout, 51-59. New York, 1987.
9. Arhin, Kwame., ed. The Papers of George Ekem Ferguson: A Fanti O
10. Armitage, C. H. The Tribal Markings and Marks of Adornment of the Natives of the Northern Territories of the Gold Coast Colony. London, 1924.
11. Asad, Talal, ed. Anthropology and the Colonial Encounter. Ithaca, 1973.
12. Austin, Dennis. Politics in Ghana, 1946-1960. London, 1964.
13. Austin, Gareth. "The Emergence of Capitalist Relations in South Asante Cocoa-Farming, c. 1916-33." Journal of African History 28 (1987): 259-79.
14. Awiah, Rev. Joseph. "Tongo Festivals, Dances, and Marriage Customs." Mimeograph, n.d.
15. Baëta, C. G. Prophetism in Ghana: A Study of Some "Spiritual"Churches. London, 1962.
16. Bannerman-Richter, Gabriel. Don't Cry! My Baby, Don't Cry! Autobiography of an African Witch. Elk Grove, Calif., 1986.
17. Bannerman-Richter, Gabriel. Mmoetia: The Mysterious Little People. Elk Grove, Calif., 1987.
18. Bannerman-Richter, Gabriel. The Practice of Witchcraft in Ghana. Elk Grove, Calif., 1982.
19. Barnes, J. A. Three Styles in the Study of Kinship. London, 1971.
20. Barnes, Sandra T., ed. Africa's Ogun: Old World and New. 2nd ed. Bloomington, 1997.
21. Barnes, Teresa. "Virgin Territory? Travel and Migration by African Women in Twentieth-Century Southern Africa." In Women in African Colonial Histories, ed. Jean Allman, Susan Geiger, and Nakanyike Musisi, 164-90. Bloomington, 2002.
22. Barry, Boubacar. Senegambia and the Atlantic Slave Trade. Trans. Ayi Kwei Armah. Cambridge, 1998.
23. Baum, Robert M. Shrines of the Slave Trade: Diola Religion and Society in Precolonial Senegambia. New York, 1999.
24. Bayart, Jean-François. The State in Africa: The Politics of the Belly. Trans. Mary Harper, Christopher Harrison, and Elizabeth Harrison. Harlow, 1993.
25. Beecham, John. Ashanti and the Gold Coast. London, 1841.
26. Behrend, Heike, and Ute Luig, eds. Spirit Possession, Modernity, and Power in Africa. Oxford, 1999.
27. Binger, Captain L. G. Du Niger au Golfe de Guinée: Par le pays de Kong et le Mossi. 2 vols. Paris, 1892.
28. Boddy, Janice. "Spirit Possession Revisited: Beyond Instrumentality." Annual Review of Anthropology 23 (1994): 407-34.
29. Bond, George Clement, and Diane M. Ciekawy, eds. Witchcraft Dialogues: Anthropological and Philosophical Exchanges. Athens, Ohio, 2001.
30. Bourdier, Jean-Paul, and Trinh T. Minh-Ha. African Spaces: Designs for Living in Upper Volta. New York, 1985.
31. Bowdich, Thomas E. An Essay on the Geography of Northwestern Africa. London, 1821; repr. 1966.
32. Bowdich, Thomas E. Mission from Cape Coast Castle to Ashantee. London, 1819; repr. 1966.
33. Brenner, Louis. "'Religious' Discourses in and about Africa." In Discourse and Its Disguises:The Interpretation of African Oral Texts, ed. Karin Barber and P. F. de Moraes Farias, 87-103. Birmingham, 1989.
34. Carrasco, Davíd. City of Sacrifice: The Aztec Empire and the Role of Violence in Civilization. Boston, 1999.
35. Chernoff, John M. "Spiritual Foundations of Dagbamba Religion and Culture." In African Spirituality: Forms, Meanings, and Expressions, ed. Jacob K. Olupona, 257-74. New York, 2000.
36. Christaller, Rev. J. G. A Dictionary of the Asante and Fante Language Called Tshi (Chwee, Twi). Basel, 1881; 2nd ed., Basel, 1933.
37. Clifford, James. The Predicament of Culture: Twentieth-Century Ethnography, Literature, and Art. Cambridge, Mass.: 1988.
38. Clifford, James., and George E. Marcus, eds. Writing Culture. Berkeley, 1986.
39. Colson, Elizabeth. "Places of Power and Shrines of the Land." Paideuma 43 (1997):47-57.
40. Comaroff, Jean, and John Comaroff. "Occult Economies and the Violence of Abstraction:Notes from the South African Postcolony." American Ethnologist 26 (1999): 297-303.
41. Comaroff, Jean. Of Revelation and Revolution. Vol. 1, Christianity, Colonialism, and Consciousness in South Africa. Chicago, 1991.
42. Comaroff, Jean., eds. Modernity and Its Malcontents: Ritual and Power in Postcolonial Africa. Chicago, 1993.
43. "Containing Witchcraft: Conflicting Scenarios in Postcolonial Africa." Special issue, African Studies Review 41 (1998).
44. Cruickshank, Brodie. Eighteen Years on the Gold Coast of Africa. 2 vols. London, 1853; repr. 1966.
45. de Craemer, Willy, Jan Vansina, and Renée C. Fox. "Religious Movements in Central Africa: A Theoretical Study." Comparative Studies in Society and History 18 (1976): 458-75.
46. Debrunner, Hans. The Story of Sampson Opong. Accra, 1965.
47. Debrunner, Hans. Witchcraft in Ghana: A Study of the Belief in Destructive Witches and Its Effect on the Akan Tribes. Accra, 1959.
48. Delafosse, Maurice. Les frontières de la Côte d'Ivoire, de le Côte d'Or et du Soudan. Paris, 1908.
49. Der, Benedict. "God and Sacrifice in the Traditional Religions of the Kasena and Dagaba of Northern Ghana." Journal of Religion in Africa 11 (1980): 172-87.
50. Der, Benedict. The Slave Trade in Northern Ghana. Accra, 1998.
51. Der, Benedict. "The Traditional Political Systems of Northern Ghana Reconsidered." In Regionalism and Public Policy in Northern Ghana, ed. Yakubu Saaka, 36-65. New York, 2001.
52. Douglas, Mary, ed. Witchcraft Confessions and Accusations. London, 1970.
53. Drucker-Brown, Susan. "Notes towards a Biography of Meyer Fortes." American Ethnologist 16 (1989): 375-85.
54. Dunn, John, and A. F. Robertson. Dependence and Opportunity: Political Change in Ahafo. Cambridge, 1973.
55. Duperray, Anne-Marie. Les Gourounsi de Haute-Volta: Conquête et colonisation, 1896-1933. Stuttgart, 1984.
56. Eliade, Mircea. The Sacred and the Profane. New York, 1959.
57. Ellis, Stephen, and Gerrie Ter Haar. Worlds of Power: Religious Thought and Political Practice in Africa. London, 2004.
58. Evans-Anfom, E. Traditional Medicine in Ghana: Practice, Problems, and Prospects. Accra, 1986.
59. Evans-Pritchard, E. E. Witchcraft, Oracles, and Magic among the Azande. Oxford, 1937.
60. Fabian, Johannes. Time and the Other: How Anthropology Makes Its Object. New York, 1983.
61. Fardon, Richard. Raiders and Refugees: Trends in Chamba Political Development, 1750-1950. Washington, 1988.
62. Field, Margaret J. Akim-Kotoku: An Oman of the Gold Coast. London, 1948.
63. Field, Margaret J. Religion and Medicine of the Gã People. London, 1937.
64. Field, Margaret J. Search for Security: An Ethno-psychiatric Study of Rural Ghana. London, 1960.
65. Field, Margaret J. "Some New Shrines of the Gold Coast and Their Significance." Africa 13 (1940): 138-49.
66. Fields, Karen E. Revival and Rebellion in Colonial Central Africa. Princeton, 1985.
67. Firth, Raymond. "Meyer Fortes: An Appreciation." Cambridge Anthropology 8 (1983):52-68.
68. Fortes, Meyer. "An Anthropologist's Apprenticeship." Annual Review of Anthropol-ogy 7 (1978); reprinted in Cambridge Anthropology 8, special issue in memory of Meyer Fortes (1983): 14-51.
69. Fortes, Meyer. "Communal Fishing and Fishing Magic in the Northern Territories of the Gold Coast." Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 67 (1937): 131-42.
70. Fortes, Meyer. "Culture Contact as a Dynamic Process: An Investigation in the Northern Territories of the Gold Coast." Africa 9 (1936): 24-55.
71. Fortes, Meyer. The Dynamics of Clanship among the Tallensi: Being the First Part of an Analysis of the Social Structure of a Trans-Volta Tribe. London, 1945.
72. Fortes, Meyer. Oedipus and Job in West African Religion. Cambridge, 1983.
73. Fortes, Meyer. "On the Concept of the Person among the Tallensi." Colloques internationaux du Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique 544 (1973): 283-319.
74. Fortes, Meyer. "Pietas in Ancestor Worship." Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 91 (1961): 166-91.
75. Fortes, Meyer. "The Political System of the Tallensi of the Northern Territories of the Gold Coast." In African Political Systems, ed. Meyer Fortes and E. E. Evans-Pritchard, 239-71. London, 1940.
76. Fortes, Meyer. Religion, Morality, and the Person: Essays on Tallensi Religion. Ed. Jack Goody. Cambridge, 1987.
77. Fortes, Meyer. "Ritual Festivals and Social Cohesion in the Hinterland of the Gold Coast." American Anthropologist 38 (1936): 590-604.
78. Fortes, Meyer. "Social and Psychological Aspects of Education in Taleland." Supplement to Africa 4 (1938): 5-64.
79. Fortes, Meyer. "Some Aspects of Migration and Mobility in Ghana." Journal of Asian and African Studies 6 (1971): 1-20.
80. Fortes, Meyer. "Strangers." In Studies in African Social Anthropology, ed. Meyer Fortes and Sheila Patterson, 229-53. London, 1975.
81. Fortes, Meyer. "Tallensi Ritual Festivals and the Ancestors." Cambridge Anthropology 2 (1974): 3-31.
82. Fortes, Meyer. Time and Social Structure and Other Essays. London, 1970.
83. Fortes, Meyer. The Web of Kinship among the Tallensi: The Second Part of an Analysis of the Social Structure of a Trans-Volta Tribe. London, 1949.
84. Fortes, Meyer, and S. L. Fortes. "Food in the Domestic Economy of the Tallensi." Africa 9 (1970): 237-76.
85. Fortes, Meyer, and Doris M. Mayer. "Psychosis and Social Change among the Tallensi of Northern Ghana." Cahiers d'Études Africaines 21 (1966): 5-40.
86. Fortes, Meyer, and E. E. Evans-Pritchard, eds. African Political Systems. London, 1940.
87. Freeman, R. A. Travels and Life in Ashanti and Jaman. London, 1898.
88. Freeman, Thomas Birch. Journal of Various Visits to the Kingdoms of Ashanti, Aku, and Dahomi in Western Africa. London, 1844.
89. Garrard, Timothy. "An Asante Kuduo among the Frafra of Northern Ghana." In The Golden Stool: Studies of the Asante Center and Periphery, ed. Enid Schildkrout, 73-79. New York, 1987.
90. Geschiere, Peter. The Modernity of Witchcraft: Politics and the Occult in Postcolonial Africa. Charlottesville, 1997.
91. Ginzburg, Carlo. Ecstacies: Deciphering the Witches' Sabbath. Trans. Raymond Rosenthal. London, 1992.
92. Ginzburg, Carlo. The Night Battles: Witchcraft and Agrarian Cults in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. Trans. John Tedeschi and Anne Tedeschi. London, 1983.
93. Gluckman, Max. "Analysis of a Social Situation in Modern Zululand." Rhodes-Livingstone Papers 28. Manchester, 1958.
94. Goody, Esther. "Legitimate and Illegitimate Aggression in a West African State." In Witchcraft Confessions and Accusations, ed. Mary Douglas, 207-44. London, 1970.
95. Goody, Esther., and Jack Goody. "The Naked and the Clothed." In The Cloth of Many Colored Silks: Papers on History and Society, Ghanaian and Islamic, in Honor of Ivor Wilks, ed. John Hunwick and Nancy Lawler, 67-90. Evanston, 1996.
96. Goody, Jack. "Anomie in Ashanti?" Africa 27 (1957): 356-63.
97. Goody, Jack. Death, Property, and the Ancestors: A Study of the Mortuary Customs of the LoDagaa of West Africa. Stanford, 1962.
98. Goody, Jack. The Expansive Moment: The Rise of Social Anthropology in Britain and Africa, 1918-1970. Cambridge, 1995.
99. Goody, Jack. Introduction to Religion, Morality, and the Person: Essays on Tallensi Religion, by Meyer Fortes. Cambridge, 1987.
100. Goody, Jack. "The Over-Kingdom of Gonja." In West African Kingdoms in the Nineteenth Century, ed. Daryl Forde and P. M. Kaberry, 179-205. London, 1967.
101. Goody, Jack. "The Political Systems of the Tallensi and Their Neighbours, 1888-1915." Cambridge Anthropology 14 (1990): 1-25.
102. Goody, Jack. "Population and Polity in the Voltaic Region." In The Evolution of Social Systems, ed. J. Friedman and M. J. Rowlands, 535-45. London, 1977.
103. Goody, Jack. The Social Organisation of the LoWiili. London, 1956.
104. Goody, Jack. Technology, Tradition, and the State in Africa. London, 1971.
105. Gray, Natasha. "The Legal History of Witchcraft in Colonial Ghana: Akyem Abuakwa, 1913-1943." Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University, 2000.
106. Gray, Natasha. "Witches, Oracles, and Colonial Law: Evolving Anti-witchcraft Practices in Ghana, 1927-1932." International Journal of African Historical Studies 34 (2001): 339-64.
107. Greene, Sandra E. Sacred Sites and the Colonial Encounter: A History of Meaning and Memory in Ghana. Bloomington, 2002.
108. Grier, Beverly. "Pawns, Porters, and Petty Traders: Women in the Transition to Cash Crop Agriculture in Colonial Ghana." Signs 17 (1992): 304-28.
109. Hart, Keith. "The Economic Basis of Tallensi Social History in the Early Twentieth Century." Research in Economic Anthropology 1 (1978): 185-216.
110. Hart, Keith. "The Social Anthropology of West Africa." Annual Review of Anthropology 14 (1985): 243-73.
111. Hawkins, Sean. "The Interpretation of Naangmin: Missionary Ethnography, African Theology, and History among the LoDagaa." Journal of Religion in Africa 28 (1998): 32-61.
112. Hawkins, Sean. Writing and Colonialism in Northern Ghana: The Encounter between the LoDagaa and "The World on Paper." Toronto, 2002.
113. Hill, Polly. The Migrant Cocoa-Farmers of Southern Ghana: A Study in Rural Capitalism. Cambridge, 1963.
114. Holden, J. J. "The Zabarima Conquest of North-West Ghana." Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana 8 (1965): 60-86.
115. Horton, Robin. "Social Psychologies: African and Western." In Oedipus and Job in West African Religion, by Meyer Fortes, 41-82. Cambridge, 1983.
116. Horton, Robin. "Stateless Societies in the History of West Africa." In History of West Africa, vol. 1, ed. J. F. A. Ajayi and Michael Crowder, 3rd ed., 87-128. Harlow, 1985.
117. Hubbell, Andrew. "A View of the Slave Trade from the Margin: Souroudougou in the Late Nineteenth-Century Slave Trade of the Niger Bend." Journal of African History 42 (2001): 25-47.
118. Hudgens, Jim, and Richard Trillo. West Africa: The Rough Guide. London, 1999.
119. Hunwick, John O., ed. and trans. Timbuktu and the Songhay Empire: Al-Sadi's Ta'rikh al-sudan down to 1613, and Other Contemporary Documents. Leiden, 1999.
120. Illiasu, A. A. "The Establishment of British Administration in Mamprugu, 1898-1937." Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana 16 (1975): 1-28.
121. Jahoda, Gustav. "Traditional Healers and Other Institutions Concerned with Mental Illness in Ghana." International Journal of Social Psychiatry 7 (1961): 199-215.
122. Janzen, John M. "Drums of A>iction: Real Phenomenon or Scholarly Chimaera?" In Religion in Africa, ed. Thomas D. Blakely, Walter van Beek, and Dennis C. Thompson, 161-81. London, 1994.
123. Janzen, John M. Lemba, 1650-1930: A Drum of A>iction in Africa and the New World. New York, 1982.
124. Janzen, John M. Ngoma: Discourses of Healing in Central and Southern Africa. Berkeley, 1992.
125. Johnson, Douglas H. "Evans-Pritchard, the Nuer, and the Sudan Political Service." African Affairs 81 (1982): 231-46.
126. Johnson, Douglas H. Nuer Prophets: A History of Prophecy from the Upper Nile in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. Oxford, 1994.
127. Johnson, Marion, ed. Salaga Papers. Institute of African Studies, Legon, n.d.
128. Kambou-Ferrand, Jeanne-Marie. Peuples voltaïques et conquête coloniale, 1885-1914:Burkina Faso. Paris, 1993.
129. Klein, Martin. "The Slave Trade and Decentralized Societies," Journal of African History 42 (2001): 49-65.
130. Koelle, S. W. Polyglotta Africana. London, 1854.
131. Kopytoff, Igor, ed. The African Frontier: The Reproduction of Traditional African Societies. Bloomington, 1987.
132. Kramer, Fritz W. The Red Fez: Art and Spirit Possession in Africa. Trans. Malcolm Green. London, 1993.
133. Kuklick, Henrika. The Savage Within: The Social History of British Anthropology, 1885-1945. Cambridge, 1991.
134. Kuper, Adam. Anthropologists and Anthropology: The Modern British School. 3rd ed. London, 1996.
135. Kuper, Adam. The Invention of Primitive Society: Transformations of an Illusion. London, 1998.
136. Kyei, T. E. Our Days Dwindle: Memories of My Childhood Days in Asante. Portsmouth, N.H., 2001.
137. Ladurie, Emmanuel Le Roy. Les paysans de Languedoc. Paris, 1966.
138. Lance, James. "Seeking the Political Kingdom: British Colonial Impositions and African Manipulations in the Northern Territories of the Gold Coast Colony." Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford University, 1995.
139. Larbi, Bismark Enoch. "Assiful's Relationship with Nana Tongo." Unpublished ms., May 2002.
140. Law, Robin. The Horse in West African History. Oxford, 1980.
141. Lentz, Carola. "Colonial Ethnography and Political Reform: The Works of A. C. Duncan-Johnson, R. S. Rattray, J. Eyre-Smith, and J. Guiness on Northern Ghana." Ghana Studies 2 (1999): 119-70.
142. Levack, Brian P. The Witch-Hunt in Early Modern Europe. Harlow, 1995.
143. Levtzion, Nehemia. Muslims and Chiefs in West Africa: A Study of Islam in the Middle Volta Basin in the Pre-colonial Period. Oxford, 1968.
144. Mabogunje, Akin L., and Paul Richards. "Land and People: Models of Spatial and Ecological Process in West African History." In History of West Africa, vol. 1, ed. J. F. A. Ajayi and Michael Crowder, 3rd ed., 5-47. Harlow, 1985.
145. Maier, Donna J. E. Priests and Power: The Case of the Dente Shrine in Nineteenth-Century Ghana. Bloomington, 1983.
146. Manchuelle, François. Willing Migrants: Soninke Labor Diasporas. Athens, Ohio, 1998.
147. McCaskie, T. C. "Anti-witchcraft Cults in Asante: An Essay in the Social History of an African People." History in Africa 8 (1981): 125-54.
148. McCaskie, T. C. Asante Identities: History and Modernity in an African Village, 1850-1950. Edinburgh, 2000.
149. McCaskie, T. C. "Komfo Anokye of Asante: Meaning, History, and Philosophy in an African Society." Journal of African History 27 (1986): 315-39.
150. McCaskie, T. C. "R. S. Rattray and the Construction of Asante History: An Appraisal." History in Africa 10 (1983): 187-206.
151. McCaskie, T. C. State and Society in Pre-colonial Asante. Cambridge, 1995.
152. McLeod, Malcolm. "On the Spread of Anti-witchcraft Cults in Modern Asante." In Changing Social Structure in Ghana: Essays in the Comparative Sociology of a New State and an Old Tradition, ed. Jack Goody, 107-17. London, 1975.
153. Meyer, Birgit. Translating the Devil: Religion and Modernity among the Ewe in Ghana. Edinburgh, 1999.
154. Mikell, Gwendolyn. Cocoa and Chaos in Ghana. New York, 1989.
155. Miller, Joseph, ed. The African Past Speaks: Essays on Oral Tradition and History. Folkestone, 1980.
156. Mitchell, J. Clyde. "The Kalela Dance." Rhodes-Livingstone Papers 27. Manchester, 1956.
157. Moore, Henrietta L., and Megan Vaughan. Cutting Down Trees: Gender, Nutrition, and Agricultural Change in the Northern Province of Zambia, 1890-1990. Portsmouth, N.H., 1994.
158. Moore, Sally Falk. Anthropology and Africa: Changing Perspectives on a Changing Scene. Charlottesville, 1994.
159. Morton-Williams, Peter. "The Atinga Cult among the South-Western Yoruba: A Sociological Analysis of a Witch-Finding Movement." Bulletin de l'IFAN 18 (1956): 315-34.
160. Nabila, John Sebiyam. "The Migration of the Frafra of Northern Ghana: A Case Study of Cyclical Labor Migration in West Africa." Ph.D. dissertation, Michigan State University, 1974.
161. Naden, Tony. "The Gur Languages." In The Languages of Ghana, ed. M. E. Kropp Dakubu, 12-49. London, 1988.
162. Olsen, William C. "'Children for Death': Money, Wealth, and Witchcraft Suspicion in Colonial Asante." Cahiers d'Études Africaines 167 (2002): 521-50.
163. Owusu-Ansah, David. Islamic Talismanic Tradition in Nineteenth-Century Asante. Lewiston, Mass., 1991.
164. Parish, Jane. "The Dynamics of Witchcraft and Indigenous Shrines among the Akan." Africa 69 (1999): 426-48.
165. Parker, John. Making the Town: Ga State and Society in Early Colonial Accra. Portsmouth, N.H., 2000.
166. Parker, John. "Witchcraft, Anti-witchcraft, and Trans-regional Ritual Innovation in Early Colonial Ghana: Sakrabundi and Aberewa, 1889-1910." Journal of African History 45 (2004): 393-420.
167. Parrinder, E. G. African Traditional Religion. London, 1954.
168. Parrinder, E. G. "The Prevalence of Witches II." West Africa, 26 May 1956, 320.
169. Parrinder, E. G. West African Psychology. London, 1951.
170. Parrinder, E. G. West African Religion, Illustrated from the Beliefs and Practices of the Yoruba,Ewe, Akan, and Kindred Peoples. London, 1949.
171. Parrinder, E. G. Witchcraft. Harmondsworth, 1958.
172. Peel, J. D. Y. Religious Encounter and the Making of the Yoruba. Bloomington, 2000.
173. Piot, Charles. "Of Slaves and the Gift: Kabre Sale of Kin during the Era of the Atlantic Slave Trade." Journal of African History 37 (1996): 31-49.
174. Piot, Charles. Remotely Global: Village Modernity in West Africa. Chicago, 1999.
175. Ranger, Terence O. Voices from the Rocks: Nature, Culture, and History in the Matapos Hills of Zimbabwe. Oxford, 1999.
176. Ranger, Terence O., and Isaria Kimambo, eds. The Historical Study of African Religion. London, 1972.
177. Ranger, Terence O., and John Weller, eds. Themes in the Christian History of Central Africa. London, 1975.
178. Rathbone, Richard. Murder and Politics in Colonial Ghana. New Haven, 1993.
179. Rathbone, Richard. Nkrumah and the Chiefs: The Politics of Chieftaincy in Ghana, 1951-1960. Oxford, 2000.
180. Rattray, R. S. Ashanti. London, 1923.
181. Rattray, R. S. Religion and Art in Ashanti. London, 1927.
182. Rattray, R. S. The Tribes of the Ashanti Hinterland. Oxford, 1932.
183. Richards, Audrey I. "A Modern Movement of Witchfinders." Africa 8 (1935):448-61.
184. Riehl, Volker. "The Land Is Ours: Research on the Land-Use System among the Talensi in Northern Ghana." Cambridge Anthropology 14 (1990): 26-42.
185. Roberts, Richard. Warriors, Merchants, and Slaves: The State and the Economy in the Middle Niger Valley, 1700-1914. Stanford, 1987.
186. Rosenthal, Judy. Possession, Ecstasy, and Law in Ewe Voodoo. Charlottesville, 1998.
187. Saul, Mahir, and Patrick Royer. West African Challenge to Empire: Culture and History in the Volta-Bani Anticolonial War. Athens, Ohio, 2001.
188. Schildkrout, Enid. "The Ideology of Regionalism in Ghana." In Strangers in African Societies, ed. W. A. Shack and E. P. Skinner, 183-207. Berkeley, 1979.
189. Schildkrout, Enid., ed. The Golden Stool: Studies of the Asante Center and Periphery. New York, 1987.
190. Schoffeleers, J. M. River of Blood: The Genesis of a Martyr Cult in Southern Malawi, c. a.d. 1600. Madison, 1992.
191. Schoffeleers, J. M., ed. Guardians of the Land: Essays on Central African Territorial Cults. Gwelo, 1978.
192. Schott, R. "Sources for a History of the Bulsa in Northern Ghana." Paideuma 23 (1977): 141-68.
193. Schottner, Michael. "'We Stay, Others Come and Go': Identity among the Mamprusi in Northern Ghana." In Ethnicity in Ghana: The Limits of Invention, ed. Carola Lentz and Paul Nugent, 49-67. Edinburgh, 2000.
194. Schumaker, Lyn. Africanizing Anthropology: Fieldwork, Networks, and the Making of Cultural Knowledge in Central Africa. Durham, 2001.
195. Shaffer, Tanya. "Losing Their Shirts." Wanderlust, 1998. http://archive.salon.com/wlust/feature/1998/06/04feature.html.
196. Sharpe, Barrie. "Ethnography and a Regional System: Mental Maps and the Myth of States and Tribes in North-Central Nigeria." Critique of Anthropology 6 (1986): 33-65.
197. Shaw, Rosalind. "The Invention of 'African Traditional Religion.'" Religion 20 (1990):339-53.
198. Shaw, Rosalind. Memories of the Slave Trade: Ritual and the Historical Imagination in Sierra Leone. Chicago, 2002.
199. Shaw, Rosalind. "The Production of Witchcraft and Witchcraft as Production: Memory, Modernity, and the Slave Trade in Sierra Leone." American Ethnologist 24 (1997):856-76.
200. Smith, Jonathan Z. Imagining Religion: From Babylon to Jonestown. Chicago, 1982.
201. Smith, Jonathan Z.. Map Is Not Territory: Studies in the History of Religions. Leiden, 1978.
202. Stocking, George, Jr. The Ethnographer's Magic and Other Essays in the History of Anthropology. Madison, 1992.
203. Stoller, Paul. The Cinematic Griot: The Ethnography of Jean Rouch. Chicago, 1992.
204. Stoller, Paul. Colonial Memories: Spirit Possession, Power, and the Hauka in West Africa. New York, 1995.
205. Tait, David. "Konkomba Sorcery." In Magic,Witchcraft, and Curing, ed. John Middleton, 155-70. New York, 1967.
206. Tait, David. "A Sorcery Hunt in Dagomba." Africa 32 (1963): 136-47.
207. Tamakloe, Emmanuel Forster. A Brief History of the Dagbamba People. Accra, 1931.
208. Taussig, Michael. Mimesis and Alterity: A Particular History of the Senses. New York, 1993.
209. Tauxier, Louis. Le noir de Bondoukou: Koulangos, Dyoulas, Abrons, etc. Paris, 1921.
210. Tauxier, Louis. Le noir du Soudan: Pays Mossi et Gourounsi. Paris, 1912.
211. Tauxier, Louis. Nouvelles notes sur le Mossi et le Gourounsi. Paris, 1924.
212. Thomas, Roger. "Forced Labour in British West Africa: The Case of the Northern Territories of the Gold Coast, 1906-1927." Journal of African History 14 (1973):79-103.
213. Thomas, Roger. "The 1916 Bongo 'Riots' and Their Background: Aspects of Colonial Administration and African Response in Eastern Upper Ghana." Journal of African History 24 (1983): 57-75.
214. Thurston, Robert W. Witch, Wicce, Mother Goose: The Rise and Fall of the Witch Hunts in Europe and North America. Harlow, 2001.
215. Tonkin, Elizabeth. "West African Ethnographic Traditions." In Localizing Strategies:Regional Traditions of Ethnographic Writing, ed. Richard Fardon, 137-51. Washington, 1990.
216. Turner, Victor W. Dramas, Fields, and Metaphors: Symbolic Action in Human Society. Ithaca, 1974.
217. Turner, Victor W. The Drums of A>iction. Oxford, 1968.
218. Turner, Victor W. The Forest of Symbols: Aspects of Ndembu Ritual. Ithaca, 1967.
219. Turner, Victor W. Schism and Continuity in an African Society: A Study of Ndembu Village Life. Manchester, 1957
220. van Binsbergen, Wim. "Regional and Non-regional Cults of A>iction in Western Zambia." In Regional Cults, ed. Richard P. Werbner, 141-75. London, 1977.
221. van Binsbergen, Wim. Religious Change in Zambia: Exploratory Studies. London, 1981.
222. van Binsbergen, Wim. Tears of Rain: Ethnicity and History in Central Western Zambia. London, 1992.
223. van Dijk, Rijk, Ria Reis, and Marja Spierenburg, eds. The Quest for Fruition through Ngoma: Political Aspects of Healing in Southern Africa. Oxford, 2000.
224. Vansina, Jan. Oral Tradition as History. Madison, 1985.
225. Vansina, Jan. Paths in the Rainforest: Towards a History of Political Tradition in Equatorial Africa. Madison, 1990.
226. Verdon, Michel. "Tallensi Kinship or the Rationalism of British Anthropology." Journal of Anthropological Research 40 (1984): 109-20.
227. Ward, Barbara E. "Some Observations on Religious Cults in Ashanti." Africa 26 (1956): 47-61.
228. Warren, Dennis M. "Bono Traditional Healers." In African Therapeutic Systems, ed. Z. A. Ademuwagun et al., 120-24. Waltham, Mass., 1979.
229. Werbner, Richard P. Ritual Passage, Sacred Journey: The Process and Organization of Religious Movement. Washington, 1989.
230. Werbner, Richard P., ed. Regional Cults. London, 1977.
231. White, Luise. Speaking with Vampires: Rumor and History in Colonial Africa. Berkeley, 2000.
232. Wilks, Ivor. Asante in the Nineteenth Century: The Structure and Evolution of a Political Order. Cambridge, 1975.
233. Wilks, Ivor. Forests of Gold: Essays on the Akan and the Kingdom of Asante. Athens: Ohio University Press, 1993.
234. Wilks, Ivor. "The Juula and the Expansion of Islam into the Forest." In The History of Islam in Africa, ed. Nehemia Levtzion and Randall L. Pouwels, 93-115. Athens, Ohio, 2000.
235. Wilks, Ivor. "The Mossi and the Akan States, 1400 to 1800." In History of West Africa, vol. 1, ed. J. F. A. Ajayi and Michael Crowder, 3rd ed., 465-502. Harlow, 1985.
236. Wilks, Ivor. The Northern Factor in Ashanti History. Legon, 1961.
237. Wilks, Ivor. "The Position of Muslims in Metropolitan Ashanti in the Early Nineteenth Century." In Islam in Tropical Africa, ed. I. M. Lewis, 318-41. London, 1966.
238. Wilks, Ivor. Wa and the Wala: Islam and Polity in Northwestern Ghana. Cambridge, 1989.
239. Wilks, Ivor, Nehemia Levtzion, and Bruce M. Haight. Chronicles from Gonja: A Tradition of West African Muslim Historiography. Cambridge, 1986.
240. Willis, R. G. "Instant Millennium: The Sociology of African Witch-Cleansing Cults." In Witchcraft Confessions and Accusations, ed. Mary Douglas, 129-39. London, 1970.
241. Worsley, P. M. "The Kinship System of the Tallensi: A Re-evaluation." Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 86 (1956): 38-75.