Experiences of Possession and Paranormal Phenomena Among Women in the General Population: Are They Related to Traumatic Stress and Dissociation?

Journal of Trauma and Dissociation

Volumn 15, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 303-318

  Sar, Vedat ^a   Alioǧlu, Firdevs ^b   Akyüz, Gamze ^c  

^a ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

^b ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

^c Private Practice   (Turkey)

Author keywords

childhood trauma; dissociation; epidemiology; paranormal; possession; posttraumatic stress disorder

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ADULTHOOD; ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR DISORDER; BORDERLINE STATE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISSOCIATIVE DISORDER; DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS INTERVIEW SCHEDULE; DSM-IV; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MULTIPLE PERSONALITY; PARANORMAL PHENOMENA; PARAPSYCHOLOGY; PERSONALITY DISORDERS AND THE CHILDHOOD ABUSE AND NEGLECT QUESTIONNAIRE; POSSESSION; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOLOGIC TEST; ADOLESCENT; AGED; CHILD ABUSE; MIDDLE AGED; PSYCHOLOGY; QUESTIONNAIRE; TURKEY; URBAN POPULATION; WITCHCRAFT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ADULT SURVIVORS OF CHILD ABUSE; AGED; DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTERVIEW, PSYCHOLOGICAL; MIDDLE AGED; PARAPSYCHOLOGY; QUESTIONNAIRES; STRESS DISORDERS, POST-TRAUMATIC; TURKEY; URBAN POPULATION; WITCHCRAFT;

EID: 84900028302     PISSN: 15299732     EISSN: 15299740     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15299732.2013.849321     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
2. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
3. Bayer, R. S., & Shunaigat, W. M. (2002). Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of possessive disorder in Jordan. Neurosciences, 7(1), 46-49.
4. Bull, D. L., Ellason, J. W., & Ross, C. A. (1998). Exorcism revisited: Positive outcomes with dissociative identity disorder. Journal of Psychological Theology, 26, 188-196.
5. Cardeña, E., Van Duijl, M., Weiner, L., & Terhune, D. B. (2009). Possession/trance phenomena. In P. F. Dell & J. A. O'Neil (Eds.), Dissociation and dissociative disorders: DSM-V and beyond (pp. 171-181). New York, NY: Routledge.
6. Cinar, Z. (1990). The development of a sampling procedure for public health studies in Si{dotless}vas-City (Unpublished master's thesis). Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
7. First, M. B., Gibbon, M., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B., & Benjamin, L. (1996). Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
8. First, M. B., Spitzer, R. L., Gibbon, M., & Williams, J. B. (1996). Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
9. Gingrich, H. J. (2005). Trauma and dissociation in the Philippines. Journal of Trauma Practice, 4(3/4), 245-269.
10. Ginzburg, K., Koopman, C., Butler, L. D., Palesh, O., Kraemer, H. C., Classen, C. C., & Spiegel, D. (2006). Evidence for a dissociative subtype of post-traumatic stress disorder among help-seeking childhood sexual abuse survivors. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 7(2), 7-27.
11. Irwin, H. J. (1992). Origins and functions of paranormal belief: The role of childhood trauma and interpersonal control. Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 86, 199-208.
12. Kianpoor, M., & Rhoades, G. F. J. (2005). "Djinnati," a possession state in Ballooshistan, Iran. Journal of Trauma Practice, 4(1-2), 147-155.
13. Kundakci, T., Sar, V., Kiziltan, E., Yargic, L. I., & Tutkun, H. (2014). The reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Dissociative Disorders (SCID-D): A preliminary study. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 15, 67-80.
14. Lanius, R. A., Vermetten, E., Loewenstein, R. J., Brand, B., Schmahl, C., Bremner, J. D., & Spiegel, D. (2010). Emotion modulation in PTSD: Clinical and neurobiological evidence for a dissociative subtype. American Journal of Psychiatry, 167, 640-647.
15. Lewis-Fernandez, R., Martinez-Taboas, A., Sar, V., Patel, S., & Boatin, A. (2007). The cross-cultural assessment of dissociation. In J. P. Wilson & C. So-kum Tang (Eds.), Cross-cultural assessment of trauma and PTSD (pp. 289-318). New York, NY: Springer.
16. Martínez-Taboas, A. (1991). Multiple personality disorder in Puerto Rico: Analysis of fifteen cases. Dissociation, 4, 189-192.
17. Moreira-Almeida, A., Lotufo Neto, F., & Cardeña, E. (2008). Comparison between Brazilian spiritist mediumship and dissociative identity disorder. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 196, 420-424.
18. Neuner, F., Pfeiffer, A., Schauer-Kaiser, E., Odenwald, M., Elbert, T., & Ertl, V. (2012). Haunted by ghosts: Prevalence, predictors and outcomes of spirit possession experiences among former child soldiers and war-affected civilians in northern Uganda. Social Science and Medicine, 75, 548-554.
19. Palmer, J. (1977). Attitudes and personality traits in experimental ESP research. In B. B. Wolman (Ed.), Handbook of parapsychology (pp. 175-201). New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
20. Roder, F., & Opalic, P. (1987). Effect of the hodja (magic healer) on Turkish psychiatric patients in West Germany-An evaluation of clinical examples. Psychiatrische Praxis, 14(5), 157-162.
21. Ross, C. A. (2011). Possession experiences in dissociative identity disorder: A preliminary study. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 12, 393-400.
22. Ross, C. A., Heber, S., Norton, G. R., Anderson, D., Anderson, G., & Barchet, P. (1989). The Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule: A structured interview. Dissociation, 2, 168-178.
23. Ross, C. A., & Joshi, S. (1992). Paranormal experiences in the general population. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 180, 357-361.
24. Ross, C. A., Schroeder, E., & Ness, L. (2013). Dissociation and symptoms of culture-bound syndromes in North America: A preliminary study. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 14, 224-235.
25. Sar, V. (2011). Developmental trauma, complex PTSD and the current proposal of DSM-5. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 2, 5662. doi:10.3402/ejpt.v2i0.5622
26. Sar, V., Akyuz, G., & Dogan, O. (2007). Prevalence of dissociative disorders among women in the general population. Psychiatry Research, 149(1-3), 169-176.
27. Sar, V., & Ozturk, E. (2009). Psychotic presentations of dissociative identity disorder. In P. F. Dell & J. A. O'Neil (Eds.), Dissociation and dissociative disorders: DSM-V and beyond (pp. 535-545). New York, NY: Routledge Press.
28. Sar, V., Ozturk, E., & İkikardes, E. (2012). Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences, 32, 1054-1063.
29. Sar, V., Yargic, L. I., & Tutkun, H. (1996). Structured interview data on 35 cases of dissociative identity disorder in Turkey. American Journal of Psychiatry, 153, 1329-1333.
30. Spiegel, D., Loewenstein, R., Lewis-Fernández, R., Sar, V., Simeon, D., Vermetten, E., Dell, P. F. (2011). Dissociative disorders in DSM-5. Depression and Anxiety, 28, 824-852.
31. Targ, E., Schlitz, M., & Irvin, H. J. (2000). Psi-related experiences. In E. Cardeña, S. J. Lynn, & S. Krippner (Eds.), Varieties of anomalous experience: Examining The scientific evidence (pp. 219-252). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
32. Tutkun, H., Yargic, L. I., Sar, V. (1996). Dissociative identity disorder presenting as hysterical psychosis. Dissociation, 9, 241-249.
33. Van Duijl, M., Kleijn, W., & de Jong, J. (2013). Are symptoms of spirit possessed patients covered by the DSM-IV or DSM-5 criteria for possession trance disorder? A mixed-method explorative study in Uganda. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 48, 1417-1430.
34. Verdoux, H., van Os, J., Maurice-Tison, S., Gay, B., Salamon, R., & Bourgeois, M. (1998). Is early adulthood a critical developmental stage for psychosis proneness? A survey of delusional ideation in normal subjects. Schizophrenia Research, 29(3), 247-254.
35. Yargic, L. I., Sar, V., Tutkun, H., & Alyanak, B. (1998). Comparison of dissociative identity disorder with other diagnostic groups using a structured interview in Turkey. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 39, 345-351.
36. Yargic, L. I., Tutkun, H., & Sar, V. (1994). Childhood trauma and dissociative experiences in adulthood. 3P Psikiyatri Psikofarmakoloji Psikoloji Dergisi, 2, 338-347.