The ethics of producing in vitro meat

Journal of Applied Philosophy

Volumn 31, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 188-202

  Schaefer, G Owen ^a   Savulescu, Julian ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84899966281     PISSN: 02643758     EISSN: 14685930     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/japp.12056     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Henry Fountain, 'A lab-grown burger gets a taste test', The NewYork Times, 5 August (2013).http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/06/science/a-lab-grown-burger-gets-a-taste-test.html
2. P. D. Edelman, D. C. McFarland, V. A. Mironov & J. G. Matheny. 'Commentary: In vitro-cultured meat production', Tissue Engineering 11,5-6 (2005): 659-662
3. M. Langelaan, K. Boonen, R. Polak, F. Baaijens, M. Post & D. van der Schaft. 'Meet the new meat: Tissue engineered skeletal muscle', Trends in Food Science and Technology 21,2 (February 2010): 59-66
4. Datar, I. M. Betti, 'Possibilities for an in vitro meat production system', Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies 11,1 (2010): 13-22
5. Peter Singer, Animal Liberation (New York: Avon Books, 1975
6. Tom Regan, The Case for Animal Rights (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2004
7. David DeGrazia, Taking Animals Seriously: Mental Life and Moral Status (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996
8. J. Breward & M. J. Gentle, 'Neuroma formation and abnormal afferent nerve discharges after partial beak amputation (beak trimming) in poultry', Experientia 41,9 (1985): 1132-1134
9. Michael Gentle, Louise N. Hunter & David Waddington. 'The onset of pain related behaviours following partial beak amputation in the chicken', Neuroscience Letters 128,1 (1991): 113-116
10. See B. E. Rollin & Paul B. Thompson, 'Perspectives on emergence of contemporary animal agriculture in the mid-twentieth century:The decline of husbandry and the rise of the industrial model', in W. G. Pond, F.W. Bazer, B. E. Rollin & P. B. Thompson (eds) AnimalWelfare in Animal Agriculture: Husbandry Stewardship, and Sustainability in Animal Production (Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2012), pp. 3-12
11. See F. Bailey Norwood & Jayson Lusk, Compassion, by the Pound: The Economics of Farm AnimalWelfare (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011
12. See Annet C. Hoek, A. Pieternel Luning, Pascalle Weijzen, Wim Engels, Frans J. Kok & Cees de Graaf, 'Replacement of meat by meat substitutes: A survey on person- and product-related factors in consumer acceptance', Appetite 56,3 (2011): 662-673doi:10.1016/j.appet.2011.02.001.
13. See Henning Steinfeld, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations & Livestock, Environment and Development (Firm), Livestock's Long Shadow: Environmental Issues and Options (Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2006
14. Steven Davis, 'The least harm principle may require that humans consume a diet containing large herbivores, not a vegan diet', Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 16,4 (2003): 387-394
15. Maurice E. Pitesky, Kimberly R. Stackhouse & Frank M. Mitloehner. 'Clearing the air' in D. Sparks (ed.) Advances in Agronomy, no. 103 (Burlington, MA: Academic Press/ Elsevier, 2009), pp. 1-40http:// linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0065211309030016
16. See Hanna L. Tuomisto & M. Joost Teixeira de Mattos, 'Environmental impacts of cultured meat production', Environmental Science and Technology 45,14 (2011): 6117-6123
17. Patrick D. Hopkins & Austin Dacey, 'Vegetarian meat: Could technology save animals and satisfy meat eaters?' Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 21,6 (2008): 579-596, doi:10.1007/s10806-008- 9110-0.
18. Helena Siipi, 'Dimensions of naturalness', Ethics and the Environment 13,1 (2008): 71-103
19. Roger Scruton, 'The conscientious carnivore', in S. F. Sapontzis (ed.) Food for Thought: The Debate Over Eating Meat (Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2004), pp. 81-91
20. Ruiping Fan, 'A reconstructionist Confucian account of environmentalism: Toward a human sagely dominion over nature', Journal of Chinese Philosophy 32,1 (2005): 105-122
21. O P. Dwivendi, 'Satyagraha for conservation:Awakening the spirit of Hinduism', in J. R. Engel & J. G. Engel (eds) Ethics of Environment and Development?: Global Challenge, International Response (London: Belhaven Press, 1990
22. Allison M. Dussias, 'Asserting a traditional environmental ethic: Recent developments in environmental regulation involving Native American tribes', New England Law Review 33,3 (1999): 653-666
23. See Donald B. Thompson, 'Natural food and the pastoral: A sentimental notion?' Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 24,2 (2011): 165-194
24. See M. K. Cho, David Magnus, Arthur L. Caplan, Daniel McGee & the Ethics of Genomics Group, 'Ethical considerations in synthesizing a minimal genome', Science 286,5447 (1999): 2087-2090
25. Simon Fairlie, Meat?: A Benign Extravagance (East Meon: Permanent Publications and White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green Publishing Co., 2010
26. Cor van der Weele, 'In vitro meat, ethics and design'. Paper presented at the Fourth Annual Dutch Conference on Practical Philosophy, Eindhoven, the Netherlands, 2 November 2012
27. Bernice Bovenkerk, Frans W. A. Brom & Babs J. van den Bergh, 'Brave new birds: The use of "animal integrity" in animal ethics', The Hastings Center Report 32,1 (2002): 16, doi:10.2307/3528292.
28. Philipp Balzer, Klaus Peter Rippe & Peter Schaber, 'Two concepts of dignity for humans and non-human organisms in the context of genetic engineering', Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 13 (2000): 7-27
29. Autumn Fiester, 'Justifying a presumption of restraint in animal biotechnology research', The American Journal of Bioethics 8,6 (2008): 36-44
30. Paul B. Thompson, 'The opposite of human enhancement: Nanotechnology and the blind chicken problem', NanoEthics 2,3 (2008): 305-316
31. Maria Cheng, 'Q A on the science of growing hamburger in a lab', Yahoo News (via the AP) (2010): 5 August. Available at:http://news.yahoo.com/q-science-growing-hamburger-lab-115332943.html
32. Sue Donaldson & Will Kymlicka, Zoopolis (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011
33. Department of Health, Reference Guide to Consent for Examination orTreatment, 2nd edn. (London: Gov.UK, 2009). Available athttps://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/138296/ dh_103653__1_.pdf
34. Derek Parfit, Reasons and Persons (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984http://public.eblib.com/ EBLPublic/PublicView.do?ptiID=728732
35. Richard P. Haynes, 'The myth of happy meat', in D. M. Kaplan (ed.) The Philosophy of Food (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2012), pp. 161-168
36. Gary L. Francione, 'Animal welfare, happy meat and veganism as the moral baseline', in D. M. Kaplan (ed.) The Philosophy of Food (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2012), pp. 169-189
37. Peter Singer, 'Killing humans and killing animals', Inquiry 22,1-4 (1979): 145-156, doi:10.1080/ 00201747908601869
38. Peter Singer, Practical Ethics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011
39. William Buehler Seabrook, JungleWays (London: George C. Harrap and Company, 1931
40. Jim Thomas, 'Flask-grown flesh', The Ecologist 20 July (2008). http://www.theecologist.org/ blogs_and_comments/commentators/Jim_Thomas/269449/flaskgrown_flesh.html
41. Regina v. Dudley and Stephens 14 Q.B.D. 273 (1884). Available at: http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/eon/ei/elabs/ majesty/stephens.html
42. Associated Press, 'German court sentences cannibal to life in jail', NBC News (2006): 9 May. Available at: http://www.nbcnews.com/id/11909486/
43. Carmen M. Cusack, 'Placentophagy and embryophagy: An analysis of social deviance within gender, families, or the home', Journal of Law and Social Deviance 1 (2011): 112-168
44. Frederick Ferré, 'Moderation, morals and meat', Inquiry 29,1-4 (1986): 391-406, at p. 403, doi:10.1080/ 00201748608602094.
45. Cora Diamond, 'Eating meat and eating people', in C. Sunstein and M. Nussbaum (eds) Animal Rights (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011), pp. 94-106. Available at: http:// www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195305104.001.0001/acprof-9780195305104
46. John Stuart Mill, On Liberty, ed. E Alexander (Peterborough, ONT: Broadview Press, 1999
47. See Hans Askenasy, Cannibalism: From Sacrifice to Survival (Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 1994
48. This work was subsidised by the generous support of theWellcomeTrust, grant numberWT086041/Z/08/Z.