Incidence and predictors of herpes zoster among antiretroviral therapy-naïve patients initiating HIV treatment in Johannesburg, South Africa

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

Volumn 23, Issue , 2014, Pages 56-62

  Shearer, Kate ^a   Maskew, Mhairi ^a   Ajayi, Toyin ^b   Berhanu, Rebecca ^c   Majuba, Pappie ^c   Sanne, Ian ^a,c   Fox, Matthew P ^a,b,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND   (South Africa)

^b BOSTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^c RIGHT TO CARE   (South Africa)

^d BOSTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Attrition; Herpes zoster; HIV infection; Resource limited settings; Shingles

Indexed keywords

ANTI HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AGENT; EFAVIRENZ; EMTRICITABINE; LAMIVUDINE; NEVIRAPINE; STAVUDINE; ZIDOVUDINE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; COHORT ANALYSIS; DEATH; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HERPES ZOSTER; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; RISK; RISK ASSESSMENT; SOUTH AFRICA; BODY MASS; COMPLICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HIV INFECTIONS; INCIDENCE; MIDDLE AGED; MIXED INFECTION; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; RISK FACTOR; VIROLOGY; VIRUS LOAD;

ADULT; ANTI-HIV AGENTS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, HIGHLY ACTIVE; BODY MASS INDEX; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; COINFECTION; FEMALE; HERPES ZOSTER; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; MIDDLE AGED; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS; SOUTH AFRICA; VIRAL LOAD;

EID: 84899830794     PISSN: 12019712     EISSN: 18783511     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2013.10.016     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Dworkin R.H., Johnson R.W., Breuer J., Gnann J.W., Levin M.J., Backonja M., et al. Recommendations for the management of herpes zoster. Clin Infect Dis 2007, 44:S1-S26.
2. Arvin A.M. Varicella-zoster virus. Clin Microbiol Rev 1996, 9:361-381.
3. Buchbinder S.P., Katz M.H., Hessol N.A., Liu J.Y., O'Malley P.M., Underwood R., et al. Herpes zoster and human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Infect Dis 1992, 166:1153-1156.
4. Gebo K.A., Kalyani R., Moore R.D., Polydefkis M.J. The incidence of, risk factors for, and sequelae of herpes zoster among HIV patients in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2005, 40:169-174.
5. Engels E.A., Rosenberg P.S., Biggar R.J. Zoster incidence in human immunodeficiency virus-infected hemophiliacs and homosexual men, 1984-1997. J Infect Dis 1999, 180:1784-1789.
6. Glesby M., Moore R., Chaisson R. Clinical spectrum of herpes zoster in adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis 1995, 21:370-375.
7. Cohen J.I., Brunell P.A., Straus S.E., Krause P.R. Recent advances in varicella-zoster virus infection. Ann Intern Med 1999, 130:922-932.
8. Van Hoek A., Gay N., Melegaro A., Opstelten W., Edmunds W. Estimating the cost-effectiveness of vaccination against herpes zoster in England and Wales. Vaccine 2009, 27:1454-1467.
9. Yawn B.P., Gilden D. The global epidemiology of herpes zoster. Neurology 2013, 81:928-930.
10. Pinchinat S., Cebrián-Cuenca A.M., Bricout H., Johnson R.W. Similar herpes zoster incidence across Europe: results from a systematic literature review. BMC Infect Dis 2013, 13:170.
11. Jansen K., Haastert B., Michalik C., Guignard A., Esser S., Dupke S., et al. Incidence and risk factors of herpes zoster among HIV-positive patients in the German competence network for HIV/AIDS (KompNet): a cohort study analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2013, 13:372.
12. Blank L.J., Polydefkis M.J., Moore R.D., Gebo K.A. Herpes zoster among persons living with HIV in the current antiretroviral therapy era. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2012, 61:203-207.
13. Donahue J.G., Choo P.W., Manson J.E., Platt R. The incidence of herpes zoster. Arch Intern Med 1995, 155:1605-1609.
14. National Department of Health. National antiretroviral treatment guidelines. South Africa: National Department of Health; 2004.
15. National Department of Health. The South African antiretroviral treatment guidelines. South Africa: National Department of Health; 2013.
16. Fox M.P., Maskew M., MacPhail A.P., Long L., Brennan A.T., Westreich D., et al. Cohort profile: The Themba Lethu Clinical Cohort, Johannesburg, South Africa. Int J Epidemiol 2013, 42:430-439.
17. National Department of Health. Circular on new criteria for initiating adults on ART at CD4 count of 350 cells/μl and below. South Africa: National Department of Health; 2011.
18. National Department of Health. Clinical guidelines for the management of HIV and AIDS in adults and adolescents. South Africa: National Department of Health; 2010.
19. Fox M.P., Brennan A., Maskew M., MacPhail P., Sanne I. Using vital registration data to update mortality among patients lost to follow-up from ART programmes: evidence from the Themba Lethu Clinic, South Africa. Trop Med Int Health 2010, 15:405-413.
20. World Health Organization. Haemoglobin concentrations for the diagnosis of anaemia and assessment of severity. WHO/NMH/NHD/MNM/11.1. Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System. Geneva: WHO; 2011. Available at: (accessed November 21, 2012). http://www.who.int/vmnis/indicators/haemoglobin.pdf.
21. Fine J.P., Gray R.J. A proportional hazards model for the subdistribution of a competing risk. J Am Stat Assoc 1999, 94:496-509.
22. Song J.Y., Cheong H.J., Kim W.J., Lee J.S., Jung M.H., Jung H.W., et al. Herpes zoster among HIV-infected patients in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era: Korean HIV Cohort Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2010, 53:417-419.
23. Glesby M.J., Hoover D.R., Tan T., Shi Q., Gao W., French A.L., et al. Herpes zoster in women with and at risk for HIV: data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2004, 37:1604-1609.
24. Gilden D. Efficacy of live zoster vaccine in preventing zoster and postherpetic neuralgia. J Intern Med 2011, 269:496-506.
25. Glesby M., Moore R., Chaisson R. Herpes zoster in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection treated with zidovudine. Zidovudine Epidemiology Study Group. J Infect Dis 1993, 168:1264-1268.
26. Benson C, Hua L, Andersen J, Jiang J, Bozzolo D, Annunziato P, et al. Zostavax is generally safe and immunogenic in HIV+ adults virologically suppressed on ART: results of a phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Oral abstract 96. Proceedings of the 19th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Seattle, USA; 2012.
27. Rothman K.J., Greenland S., Lash T.L. Modern Epidemiology 2008, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia. 3rd ed.