Transverse-energy distributions at midrapidity in p+p, d+Au, and Au+Au collisions at s NN =62.4 -200 GeV and implications for particle-production models

Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics

Volumn 89, Issue 4, 2014, Pages

  Adler, S S ^g   Afanasiev, S ^x   Aidala, C ^l,aj   Ajitanand, N N ^ba   Akiba, Y ^z,au,av   Al Jamel, A ^ao   Alexander, J ^ba   Aoki, K ^ac,au   Aphecetche, L ^bb   Armendariz, R ^ao   Aronson, S H ^g   Averbeck, R ^ba   Awes, T C ^aq   Azmoun, B ^g   Babintsev, V ^s   Baldisseri, A ^m   Barish, K N ^h   Barnes, P D ^ag   Bassalleck, B ^an   Bathe, S ^f,h,ak   Batsouli, S ^l   Baublis, V ^at   Bauer, F ^h   Bazilevsky, A ^g,av   Belikov, S ^g,s,v   Bennett, R ^ba   Berdnikov, Y ^ax   Bjorndal, M T ^l   Boissevain, J G ^ag   Borel, H ^m   Boyle, K ^ba   Brooks, M L ^ag   Brown, D S ^ao   Bruner, N ^an   Bucher, D ^ak   Buesching, H ^g,ak   Bumazhnov, V ^s   Bunce, G ^g,av   Burward Hoy, J M ^af,ag   Butsyk, S ^ba   Camard, X ^bb   Campbell, S ^ba   Chai, J S ^y   Chand, P ^e   Chang, W C ^b   Chernichenko, S ^s   Chi, C Y ^l   Chiba, J ^z   Chiu, M ^l   Choi, I J ^bj   Choudhury, R K ^e   Chujo, T ^g,bf   Cianciolo, V ^aq   Cleven, C R ^q   Cobigo, Y ^m   Cole, B A ^l   Comets, M P ^ar   Constantin, P ^v   Csanad M ^o   Csorgo T ^bi   Cussonneau, J P ^bb   Dahms, T ^ba   Das, K ^p   David, G ^g   Deak F ^o   Delagrange, H ^bb   Denisov, A ^s   D'Enterria, D ^l   Deshpande, A ^av,ba   Desmond, E J ^g   Devismes, A ^ba   Dietzsch, O ^ay   Dion, A ^ba   Drachenberg, J L ^a   Drapier, O ^ad   Drees, A ^ba   Dubey, A K ^bh   Durum, A ^s   Dutta, D ^e   Dzhordzhadze, V ^bc   Efremenko, Y V ^aq   Egdemir, J ^ba   Enokizono, A ^r   En'Yo, H ^au,av   Espagnon, B ^ar   Esumi, S ^be   Fields, D E ^an,av   Finck, C ^bb   Fleuret, F ^ad   Fokin, S L ^ab   Forestier, B ^ah   Fox, B D ^av   Fraenkel, Z ^bh   Frantz, J E ^l,ap   Franz, A ^g   Frawley, A D ^p   Fukao, Y ^ac,au,av   Fung, S Y ^h   Gadrat, S ^ah   Gastineau, F ^bb   Germain, M ^bb   Glenn, A ^bc   Gonin, M ^ad   Gosset, J ^m   Goto, Y ^au,av   Granier De Cassagnac, R ^ad   Grau, N ^c,v   Greene, S V ^bf   Grosse Perdekamp, M ^t,av   Gunji, T ^j   Gustafsson, H A ^ai   Hachiya, T ^r,au   Hadj Henni, A ^bb   Haggerty, J S ^g   Hagiwara, M N ^a   Hamagaki, H ^j   Hansen, A G ^ag   Harada, H ^r   Hartouni, E P ^af   Haruna, K ^r   Harvey, M ^g   Haslum, E ^ai   Hasuko, K ^au   Hayano, R ^j   He, X ^q   Heffner, M ^af   Hemmick, T K ^ba   Heuser, J M ^au   Hidas, P ^bi   Hiejima, H ^t   Hill, J C ^v   Hobbs, R ^an   Holmes, M ^bf   Holzmann, W ^ba   Homma, K ^r   Hong, B ^aa   Hoover, A ^ao   Horaguchi, T ^au,av,bd   Hur, M G ^y   Ichihara, T ^au,av   Iinuma, H ^ac,au   Ikonnikov, V V ^ab   Imai, K ^w,ac,au   Inaba, M ^be   Inuzuka, M ^j   Isenhower, D ^a   Isenhower, L ^a   Ishihara, M ^au   Isobe, T ^j   Issah, M ^ba   Isupov, A ^x   Jacak, B V ^ba   Jia, J ^l,ba   Jin, J ^l   Jinnouchi, O ^au,av   Johnson, B M ^g   Johnson, S C ^af   Joo, K S ^al   Jouan, D ^ar   Kajihara, F ^j,au   Kametani, S ^j,bg   Kamihara, N ^au,bd   Kaneta, M ^av   Kang, J H ^bj   Katou, K ^bg   Kawabata, T ^j   Kawagishi, T ^be   Kazantsev, A V ^ab   Kelly, S ^k,l   Khachaturov, B ^bh   Khanzadeev, A ^at   Kikuchi, J ^bg   Kim, D J ^bj   Kim, E ^az   Kim, E J ^az   Kim, G B ^ad   Kim, H J ^bj   Kim, Y S ^y   Kinney, E ^k   Kiss, A ^o   Kistenev, E ^g   Kiyomichi, A ^au   Klein Boesing, C ^ak   Kobayashi, H ^av   Kochenda, L ^at   Kochetkov, V ^s   Kohara, R ^r   Komkov, B ^at   Konno, M ^be   Kotchetkov, D ^h   Kozlov, A ^bh   Kroon, P J ^g   Kuberg, C H ^a   Kunde, G J ^ag   Kurihara, N ^j   Kurita, K ^au,aw   Kweon, M J ^aa   Kwon, Y ^bj   Kyle, G S ^ao   Lacey, R ^ba   Lajoie, J G ^v   Lebedev, A ^v,ab   Le Bornec, Y ^ar   Leckey, S ^ba   Lee, D M ^ag   Lee, M K ^bj   Leitch, M J ^ag   Leite, M A L ^ay   Li, X H ^h   Lim, H ^az   Litvinenko, A ^x   Liu, M X ^ag   Maguire, C F ^bf   Makdisi, Y I ^g   Malakhov, A ^x   Malik, M D ^an   Manko, V I ^ab   Mao, Y ^as,au   Martinez, G ^bb   Masui, H ^be   Matathias, F ^ba   Matsumoto, T ^j,bg   McCain, M C ^a,t   McGaughey, P L ^ag   Miake, Y ^be   Miller, T E ^bf   Milov, A ^ba   Mioduszewski, S ^g   Mishra, G C ^q   Mitchell, J T ^g   Mohanty, A K ^e   Morrison, D P ^g   Moss, J M ^ag   Moukhanova, T V ^ab   Mukhopadhyay, D ^bf,bh   Muniruzzaman, M ^h   Murata, J ^au,aw   Nagamiya, S ^z   Nagata, Y ^be   Nagle, J L ^k,l   Naglis, M ^bh   Nakamura, T ^r   Newby, J ^af,bc   Nguyen, M ^ba   Norman, B E ^ag   Nyanin, A S ^ab   Nystrand, J ^ai   O'Brien, E ^g   Ogilvie, C A ^v   Ohnishi, H ^au   Ojha, I D ^d,bf   Okada, K ^au,av   Omiwade, O O ^a   Oskarsson, A ^ai   Otterlund, I ^ai   Oyama, K ^j   Ozawa, K ^j   Pal, D ^bf,bh   Palounek, A P T ^ag   Pantuev, V ^u,ba   Papavassiliou, V ^ao   Park, J ^az   Park, W J ^aa   Pate, S F ^ao   Pei, H ^v   Penev, V ^x   Peng, J C ^t   Pereira, H ^m   Peresedov, V ^x   Peressounko, D Yu ^ab   Pierson, A ^an   Pinkenburg, C ^g   Pisani, R P ^g   Purschke, M L ^g   Purwar, A K ^ba   Qu, H ^q   Qualls, J M ^a   Rak, J ^v   Ravinovich, I ^bh   Read, K F ^aq,bc   Reuter, M ^ba   Reygers, K ^ak   Riabov, V ^at   Riabov, Y ^at   Roche, G ^ah   Romana, A ^ad   Rosati, M ^v   Rosendahl, S S E ^ai   Rosnet, P ^ah   Rukoyatkin, P ^x   Rykov, V L ^au   Ryu, S S ^bj   Sahlmueller, B ^ak,ba   Saito, N ^ac,au,av   Sakaguchi, T ^j,bg   Sakai, S ^be   Samsonov, V ^at   Sanfratello, L ^an   Santo, R ^ak   Sarsour, M ^q   Sato, H D ^ac,au   Sato, S ^g,w,z,be   Sawada, S ^z   Schutz, Y ^bb   Semenov, V ^s   Seto, R ^h   Sharma, D ^bh   Shea, T K ^g   Shein, I ^s   Shibata, T A ^au,bd   Shigaki, K ^r   Shimomura, M ^be   Shohjoh, T ^be   Shoji, K ^ac,au   Sickles, A ^ba   Silva, C L ^ay   Silvermyr, D ^ag,aq   Sim, K S ^aa   Singh, C P ^d   Singh, V ^d   Skutnik, S ^v   Smith, W C ^a   Soldatov, A ^s   Soltz, R A ^af   Sondheim, W E ^ag   Sorensen, S P ^bc   Sourikova, I V ^g   Staley, F ^m   Stankus, P W ^aq   Stenlund, E ^ai   Stepanov, M ^ao   Ster, A ^bi   Stoll, S P ^g   Sugitate, T ^r   Suire, C ^ar   Sullivan, J P ^ag   Sziklai, J ^bi   Tabaru, T ^av   Takagi, S ^be   Takagui, E M ^ay   Taketani, A ^au,av   Tanaka, K H ^z   Tanaka, Y ^am   Tanida, K ^au,av,az   Tannenbaum, M J ^g   Taranenko, A ^ba   Tarjan P ⁿ   Thomas, T L ^an   Togawa, M ^ac,au   Tojo, J ^au   Torii, H ^ac,au,av   Towell, R S ^a   Tram, V N ^ad   Tserruya, I ^bh   Tsuchimoto, Y ^r,au   Tuli, S K ^d   Tydesjo H ^ai   Tyurin, N ^s   Uam, T J ^al   Vale, C ^v   Valle, H ^bf   Van Hecke, H W ^ag   Velkovska, J ^g,bf   Velkovsky, M ^ba   Vertesi R ⁿ   Veszpremi V ⁿ   Vinogradov, A A ^ab   Volkov, M A ^ab   Vznuzdaev, E ^at   Wagner, M ^ac,au   Wang, X R ^q,ao   Watanabe, Y ^au,av   Wessels, J ^ak   White, S N ^g   Willis, N ^ar   Winter, D ^l   Wohn, F K ^v   Woody, C L ^g   Wysocki, M ^k   Xie, W ^h,av   Yanovich, A ^s   Yokkaichi, S ^au,av   Young, G R ^aq   Younus, I ^ae,an   Yushmanov, I E ^ab   Zajc, W A ^l   Zaudtke, O ^ak   Zhang, C ^l   Zhou, S ⁱ   Zimanyi J ^bi   Zolin, L ^x   Zong, X ^v   more..

^a ABILENE CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS   (Taiwan)

^c AUGUSTANA COLLEGE   (United States)

^d BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY   (India)

^e BHABHA ATOMIC RESEARCH CENTRE   (India)

^f CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

^g BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^h UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

ⁱ CHINA INSTITUTE OF ATOMIC ENERGY   (China)

^j UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO   (Japan)

^k UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^l Columbia University ^*  (United States)

^m CEA SACLAY   (France)

ⁿ UNIVERSITY OF DEBRECEN   (Hungary)

^o EÖTVÖS LORÁND UNIVERSITY   (Hungary)

^p FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^q GEORGIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^r HIROSHIMA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^s INSTITUTE FOR HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS   (Russian Federation)

^t UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN   (United States)

^u INSTITUTE FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH   (Russian Federation)

^v IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^w JAPAN ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY   (Japan)

^x JOINT INSTITUTE FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH   (Russian Federation)

^y Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute   (South Korea)

^z HIGH ENERGY ACCELERATOR RESEARCH ORGANIZATION KEK   (Japan)

^aa Korea University   (South Korea)

^ab KURCHATOV INSTITUTE   (Russian Federation)

^ac KYOTO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^ad ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE   (France)

^ae LAHORE UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES   (Pakistan)

^af LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^ag LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^ah UNIVERSITÉ BLAISE PASCAL   (France)

^ai LUND UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^aj UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

^ak UNIVERSITY OF MÜNSTER   (Germany)

^al Myong Ji University   (South Korea)

^am NAGASAKI INSTITUTE OF APPLIED SCIENCE   (Japan)

^an UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO   (United States)

^ao NEW MEXICO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^ap OHIO UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^aq OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^ar UNIVERSITÉ PARIS SACLAY   (France)

^as PEKING UNIVERSITY   (China)

^at PETERSBURG NUCLEAR PHYSICS INSTITUTE   (Russian Federation)

^au RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerated Based Science   (Japan)

^av RIKEN BNL RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

^aw RIKKYO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^ax PETER THE GREAT ST PETERSBURG POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY   (Russian Federation)

^ay UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

^az Seoul National University   (South Korea)

^ba STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^bb UNIVERSITÉ DE NANTES   (France)

^bc UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE   (United States)

^bd TOKYO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Japan)

^be UNIVERSITY OF TSUKUBA   (Japan)

^bf VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^bg WASEDA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^bh WEIZMANN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE   (Israel)

^bi INSTITUTE OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE   (Hungary)

^bj Yonsei University   (South Korea)

more..

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84899766375     PISSN: 05562813     EISSN: 1089490X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevC.89.044905     Document Type: Article

References (81)

1. K. Adcox (PHENIX Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 052301 (2001). PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.052301
2. S. S. Adler (PHENIX Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C 71, 034908 (2005). PRVCAN 0556-2813 10.1103/PhysRevC.71.034908
3. X.-N. Wang and M. Gyulassy, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3496 (2001). PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.3496
4. D. Kharzeev and M. Nardi, Phys. Lett. B 507, 121 (2001). PYLBAJ 0370-2693 10.1016/S0370-2693(01)00457-9
5. S. Eremin and S. Voloshin, Phys. Rev. C 67, 064905 (2003). PRVCAN 0556-2813 10.1103/PhysRevC.67.064905
6. A. Bialas, W. Czyz, and L. Lesniak, Phys. Rev. D 25, 2328 (1982). 0556-2821 10.1103/PhysRevD.25.2328
7. T. Ochiai, Z. Phys. C 35, 209 (1987). ZPCFD2 0170-9739 10.1007/BF01408449
8. U. Camerini, W. O. Lock, and D. Perkins, in Progress in Cosmic Ray Physics, edited by J. G. Wilson (North Holland, Amsterdam, 1952), Vol. I, pp. 1-34.
9. G. Cocconi, L. J. Koester, and D. H. Perkins, Tech. Rep. UCRL-10022 (Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, Berkeley, 1961), p. 167, as cited by Ref. [10].
10. J. Orear, Phys. Rev. Lett. 12, 112 (1964). PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.12.112
11. A. H. Mueller, Phys. Rev. D 4, 150 (1971). 0556-2821 10.1103/PhysRevD.4. 150
12. Z. Koba, H. B. Nielsen, and P. Olesen, Nucl. Phys. B 40, 317 (1972). NUPBBO 0550-3213 10.1016/0550-3213(72)90551-2
13. G. Arnison (UA1 Collaboration), Phys. Lett. B 107, 320 (1981). PYLBAJ 0370-2693 10.1016/0370-2693(81)90839-X
14. G. J. Alner (UA5 Collaboration), Phys. Rpts. 154, 247 (1987). PRPLCM 0370-1573 10.1016/0370-1573(87)90130-X
15. For instance, see Maurice Jacob's Eulogy for the ISR in CERN Report No. 84-13 (CERN, SIS, Geneva, 1984).
16. W. Thomé (ACHM Collaboration), Nucl. Phys. B129, 365 (1977). NUPBBO 0550-3213 10.1016/0550-3213(77)90122-5
17. G. N. Fowler and R. M. Weiner, Phys. Lett. B 70, 201 (1977). PYLBAJ 0370-2693 10.1016/0370-2693(77)90520-2
18. W. J. Willis, in ISABELLE Physics Prospects (BNL-17522), edited by R. B. Palmer (Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, 1972), pp. 207-234 (n.b. same report appears as CRISP-72-15, BNL-16841).
19. J. D. Bjorken, Phys. Rev. D 8, 4098 (1973). 0556-2821 10.1103/PhysRevD.8.4098
20. W. Ochs and L. Stodolsky, Phys. Lett. B 69, 225 (1977). PYLBAJ 0370-2693 10.1016/0370-2693(77)90649-9
21. P. V. Landshoff and J. C. Polkinghorne, Phys. Rev. D 18, 3344 (1978). 0556-2821 10.1103/PhysRevD.18.3344
22. C. De Marzo (BCLMN Collaboration), Phys. Lett. B 112, 173 (1982). PYLBAJ 0370-2693 10.1016/0370-2693(82)90323-9
23. G. Arnison (UA1 Collaboration), Transverse Energy Distributions in the Central Calorimeters, presented to 21st International Conference High Energy Physics, Paris, France, July 26-31, 1982; Report No. CERN-EP-82-122 (unpublished). Also see Ref. [13].
24. J.-P. Repellin (UA2 Collaboration), in Proceedings of the 21st International Conference High Energy Physics (Paris), edited by P. Petiau and M. Porneuf (Journal de Physique Colloques, Paris, 1982), Vol. 43, pp. C3-571-C3-578.
25. J. A. Appel (UA2 Collaboration), Phys. Lett. B 165, 441 (1985). PYLBAJ 0370-2693 10.1016/0370-2693(85)91262-6
26. J. D. Bjorken, Phys. Rev. D 27, 140 (1983). 0556-2821 10.1103/PhysRevD.27.140
27. W. Busza, J. E. Elias, D. F. Jacobs, P. A. Swartz, C. C. Young, and M. R. Sogard, Phys. Rev. Lett. 34, 836 (1975). PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett. 34.836
28. C. Halliwell, J. E. Elias, W. Busza, D. Luckey, L. Votta, and C. Young, Phys. Rev. Lett. 39, 1499 (1977). PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.39.1499
29. P. M. Fishbane and J. S. Trefil, Phys. Rev. D 9, 168 (1974). 0556-2821 10.1103/PhysRevD.9.168
30. P. M. Fishbane and J. S. Trefil, Phys. Lett. B 51, 139 (1974). PYLBAJ 0370-2693 10.1016/0370-2693(74)90199-3
31. K. Gottfried, Phys. Rev. Lett. 32, 957 (1974). PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.32.957
32. A. S. Goldhaber, Phys. Rev. D 7, 765 (1973). 0556-2821 10.1103/PhysRevD.7.765
33. A. Białas and W. Czyz, Phys. Lett. B 51, 179 (1974). PYLBAJ 0370-2693 10.1016/0370-2693(74)90210-X
34. B. Andersson and I. Otterlund, Nucl. Phys. B 88, 349 (1975). NUPBBO 0550-3213 10.1016/0550-3213(75)90286-2
35. S. Frankel, Phys. Rev. C 48, R2170 (1993). PRVCAN 0556-2813 10.1103/PhysRevC.48.R2170
36. A. Białas, M. Bleszyński, and W. Czyz, Nucl. Phys. B 111, 461 (1976). NUPBBO 0550-3213 10.1016/0550-3213(76)90329-1
37. L. Ahle (E802 Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C 57, R466 (1998). PRVCAN 0556-2813 10.1103/PhysRevC.57.R466
38. J. Ftacnik, K. Kajantie, N. Pisutova, and J. Pisut, Phys. Lett. B 188, 279 (1987). PYLBAJ 0370-2693 10.1016/0370-2693(87)90021-9
39. T. Abbott (E802 Collaboration), Phys. Lett. B 197, 285 (1987). PYLBAJ 0370-2693 10.1016/0370-2693(87)90385-6
40. T. Abbott (E802 Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C 63, 064602 (2001). PRVCAN 0556-2813 10.1103/PhysRevC.63.064602
41. A. L. S. Angelis (BCMOR Collaboration), Phys. Lett. B 141, 140 (1984). PYLBAJ 0370-2693 10.1016/0370-2693(84)90577-X
42. T. Åkesson (AFS Collaboration), Phys. Lett. B 231, 359 (1989). PYLBAJ 0370-2693 10.1016/0370-2693(89)90676-X
43. A. Bamberger (NA35 Collaboration), Phys. Lett. B 184, 271 (1987). PYLBAJ 0370-2693 10.1016/0370-2693(87)90581-8
44. L. P. Remsberg (E802 Collaboration), Z. Phys. C 38, 35 (1988). ZPCFD2 0170-9739 10.1007/BF01574512
45. B. Alver (PHOBOS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C 83, 024913 (2011). PRVCAN 0556-2813 10.1103/PhysRevC.83.024913
46. K. Adcox (PHENIX Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3500 (2001). PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.3500
47. R. Nouicer, Eur. Phys. J. C 49, 281 (2007). EPCFFB 1434-6044 10.1140/epjc/s10052-006-0128-z
48. B. De and S. Bhattacharyya, Phys. Rev. C 71, 024903 (2005). PRVCAN 0556-2813 10.1103/PhysRevC.71.024903
49. A. Bialas, J. Phys. G 35, 044053 (2008). JPGPED 0954-3899 10.1088/0954-3899/35/4/044053
50. M. Gell-Mann, Phys. Lett. 8, 214 (1964). PHLTAM 0031-9163 10.1016/S0031-9163(64)92001-3
51. R. P. Feynman, M. Gell-Mann, and G. Zweig, Phys. Rev. Lett. 13, 678 (1964). PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.13.678
52. G. Morpurgo, Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 20, 105 (1970). ARNUA8 0066-4243 10.1146/annurev.ns.20.120170.000541
53. J. J. J. Kokkedee, The Quark Model (W. A. Benmajin, New York, 1969).
54. E. V. Shuryak, Nucl. Phys. B 203, 116 (1982). NUPBBO 0550-3213 10.1016/0550-3213(82)90479-5
55. D. Diakonov, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 36, 1 (1996). PPNPDB 0146-6410 10.1016/0146-6410(96)00003-8
56. S. Weinberg, Eur. Phys. J. C 34, 5 (2004). EPCFFB 1434-6044 10.1140/epjc/s2004-01761-1
57. V. V. Anisovich, Y. M. Shabelsky, and V. M. Shekhter, Nucl. Phys. B 133, 477 (1978). NUPBBO 0550-3213 10.1016/0550-3213(78)90237-7
58. R. C. Hwa, Phys. Rev. D 22, 759 (1980). 0556-2821 10.1103/PhysRevD.22.759
59. T. Akiba, Phys. Lett. B 109, 477 (1982). PYLBAJ 0370-2693 10.1016/0370-2693(82)91118-2
60. E. M. Levin and L. L. Frankfurt, J. Exptl. Theoret. Phys. Lett. 2, 65 (1965).
61. H. J. Lipkin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 16, 1015 (1966). PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.16.1015
62. K. Adcox (PHENIX Collaboration), Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 499, 469 (2003). NIMAER 0168-9002 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)01950-2
63. M. Allen (PHENIX Collaboration), Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 499, 549 (2003). NIMAER 0168-9002 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)01956-3
64. A. Adare (PHENIX Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C 86, 064901 (2012). PRVCAN 0556-2813 10.1103/PhysRevC.86.064901
65. X.-N. Wang and M. Gyulassy, Phys. Rev. D 44, 3501 (1991). 0556-2821 10.1103/PhysRevD.44.3501
66. S. S. Adler (PHENIX Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 172302 (2007). PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.172302
67. L. Aphecetche (PHENIX Collaboration), Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 499, 521 (2003). NIMAER 0168-9002 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)01954-X
68. M. L. Miller, K. Reygers, S. J. Sanders, and P. Steinberg, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 57, 205 (2007). ARPSDF 0163-8998 10.1146/annurev.nucl.57. 090506.123020
69. R. Hofstadter, F. Bumiller, and M. R. Yerian, Rev. Mod. Phys. 30, 482 (1958). RMPHAT 0034-6861 10.1103/RevModPhys.30.482
70. K. Aamodt (ALICE Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 032301 (2011). PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.032301
71. K. Adcox (PHENIX Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 022301 (2002). PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.022301
72. B. Back (PHOBOS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C 70, 021902 (R) (2004). PRVCAN 0556-2813 10.1103/PhysRevC.70.021902
73. M. J. Tannenbaum, Phys. Rev. C 69, 064902 (2004). PRVCAN 0556-2813 10.1103/PhysRevC.69.064902
74. A. L. S. Angelis (COR Collaboration), Phys. Lett. B 126, 132 (1983). PYLBAJ 0370-2693 10.1016/0370-2693(83)90034-5
75. L. Aphecetche (PHENIX Collaboration), Nucl. Inst. Methods A 499, 521 (2003). NIMAER 0168-9002 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)01954-X
76. For example, see Fig. 6 in Ref. [77].
77. M. J. Tannenbaum, Rep. Prog. Phys. 69, 2005 (2006). RPPHAG 0034-4885 10.1088/0034-4885/69/7/R01
78. S. S. Adler (PHENIX Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 241803 (2003). PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.241803
79. S. S. Adler (PHENIX Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 012002 (2007). PRLTAO 0031-9007 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.012002
80. G. Aad (ATLAS Collaboration), Phys. Lett. B 707, 330 (2012). PYLBAJ 0370-2693 10.1016/j.physletb.2011.12.056
81. B. Abelev (ALICE Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C 88, 044909 (2013). PRVCAN 0556-2813 10.1103/PhysRevC.88.044909