Low functional redundancy among mammalian browsers in regulating an encroaching shrub (Solanum campylacanthum) in African savannah

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

Volumn 281, Issue 1785, 2014, Pages

  Pringle, Robert M ^a,e   Goheen, Jacob R ^b,e   Palmer, Todd M ^c,e   Charles, Grace K ^d,e   DeFranco, Elyse ^e   Hohbein, Rhianna ^e   Ford, Adam T ^e,f   Tarnita, Corina E ^a,e  

^a PRINCETON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^e MPALA RESEARCH CENTRE   (Kenya)

^f UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Biodiversity; Bush encroachment; Indirect effects; Invasive species; Megaherbivores; Seed dispersal

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; HERBIVORY; INVASIVE SPECIES; LOCAL EXTINCTION; MAMMAL; PLANT-HERBIVORE INTERACTION; POPULATION DECLINE; POPULATION MODELING; SEED DISPERSAL; SEED PREDATION; SHRUB; VULNERABILITY;

ANIMAL; BRAIN; MOVEMENT (PHYSIOLOGY); PHYSIOLOGY; PRIMATE; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; VISION; VISUAL SYSTEM;

ANIMALS; BRAIN; MOVEMENT; PHYSIOLOGY; PRIMATES; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; VISION, OCULAR; VISUAL PATHWAYS; VISUAL PERCEPTION;

AFRICA;

EID: 84899671804     PISSN: 09628452     EISSN: 14712954     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.0390     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. McNaughton SJ, Georgiadis NJ. 1986 Ecology of African grazing and browsing mammals. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 17, 39-65. (doi:10.1146/annurev.es.17. 110186.000351)
2. van Langevelde F et al. 2003 Effects of fire and herbivory on the stability of savanna ecosystems. Ecology 84, 337-350. (doi:10.1890/0012-9658 (2003)084[0337:EOFAHO]2.0.CO;2)
3. Augustine DJ, McNaughton SJ. 2004 Regulation of shrub dynamics by native browsing ungulates on East African rangeland. J. Appl. Ecol. 41, 45-58. (doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2004.00864.x)
4. Sankaran M, Augustine DJ, Ratnam J. 2013 Native ungulates of diverse body sizes collectively regulate long-term woody plant demography and structure of a semi-arid savanna. J. Ecol. 101, 1389-1399. (doi:10.1111/1365-2745.12147)
5. Laws RM. 1970 Elephants as agents of habitat and landscape change in East Africa. Oikos 21, 1-15. (doi:10.2307/3543832)
6. Bond WJ. 1994 Keystone species. In Biodiversity and ecosystem function (eds ED Schulze, HA Mooney), pp. 237-253. Berlin, Germany: Springer.
7. Young TP, Palmer TM, Gadd ME. 2005 Competition and compensation among cattle, zebras, and elephants in a semi-arid savanna in Laikipia, Kenya. Biol. Conserv. 122, 351-359. (doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2004.08.007)
8. Staver AC, Bond WJ, Stock WD, van Rensburg SJ, Waldram MS. 2009 Browsing and fire interact to suppress tree density in an African savanna. Ecol. Appl. 19, 1909-1919. (doi:10.1890/08-1907.1)
9. Newmark WD. 1996 Insularization of Tanzanian parks and the local extinction of large mammals. Conserv. Biol. 10, 1549-1556. (doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10061549.x)
10. Craigie ID, Baillie JEM, Balmford A, Carbone C, Collen B, Green RE, Hutton JM. 2010 Large mammal population declines in Africa's protected areas. Biol. Conserv. 143, 2221-2228. (doi:10.1016/j.biocon. 2010.06.007)
11. Cardillo M et al. 2005 Multiple causes of high extinction risk in large mammal species. Science 309, 1239-1241. (doi:10.1126/science.1116030)
12. Walker BH. 1992 Biodiversity and ecological redundancy. Conserv. Biol. 6, 18-23. (doi:10.1046/j. 1523-1739.1992.610018.x)
13. Naeem S, Li S. 1997 Biodiversity enhances ecosystem reliability. Nature 390, 507-509. (doi:10. 1038/37348)
14. Duffy JE, MacDonald KS, Rhode JM, Parker JD. 2001 Grazer diversity, functional redundancy, and productivity in seagrass beds: an experimental test. Ecology 82, 2417-2434. (doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[2417:GDFRAP]2.0.CO;2)
15. Micheli F, Halpern BS. 2005 Low functional redundancy in coastal marine assemblages. Ecol. Lett. 8, 391-400. (doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00731.x)
16. Hoey AS, Bellwood DR. 2009 Limited functional redundancy in a high-diversity system: single species dominates key ecological process on coral reefs. Ecosystems 12, 1316-1328. (doi:10.1007/ s10021-009-9291-z)
17. Burkepile DE, Hay ME. 2011 Feeding complementarity versus redundancy among herbivorous fishes on a Caribbean reef. Coral Reefs 30, 351-362. (doi:10.1007/s00338-011-0726-6)
18. Aguilera MA, Navarrette SA. 2012 Functional identity and functional structure change through succession in a rocky intertidal marine herbivore assemblage. Ecology 93, 75-89. (doi:10.1890/11-0434.1)
19. Ostfeld RS, Manson RH, Canham CD. 1997 Effects of rodents on survival of tree seeds and seedlings invading old fields. Ecology 78, 1531-1542. (doi:10.1890/0012-9658(1997)078[1531:EOROSO]2. 0.CO;2)
20. Thibault KM, Ernest SKM, Brown JH. 2010 Redundant or complementary? Impact of a colonizing species on community structure and function. Oikos 119, 1719-1726. (doi:10.1111/j. 1600-0706.2010.18378.x)
21. Philpott SM, Pardee GL, Gonthier DJ. 2012 Cryptic biodiversity effects: importance of functional redundancy revealed through addition of food web complexity. Ecology 93, 992-1001. (doi:10.1890/ 11-1431.1)
22. Jarman PJ. 1974 Social organization of antelope in relation to their ecology. Behaviour 48, 215-267. (doi:10.1163/156853974X00345)
23. du Toit JT. 1990 Feeding-height stratification among African browsing ruminants. Afr. J. Ecol. 28, 55-61. (doi:10.1111/j.1365-2028.1990. tb01136.x)
24. Loreau M. 2004 Does functional redundancy exist? Oikos 104, 508-611. (doi:10.1111/j.0030-1299. 2004.12685.x)
25. Arsenault R, Owen-Smith N. 2002 Facilitation versus competition in grazing herbivore assemblages. Oikos 97, 313-318. (doi:10.1034/j.1600-0706.2002. 970301.x)
26. Prins HHT, de Boer WF, van Oeveren H, Correia A, Mafuca J, Olff H. 2006 Coexistence and niche segregation of three small bovid species in southern Mozambique. Afr. J. Ecol. 44, 186-198. (doi:10. 1111/j.1365-2028.2006.00619.x)
27. Beale CM et al. 2013 Ten lessons for the conservation of African savannah ecosystems. Biol. Cons. 167, 224-232. (doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2013.08.025)
28. Ward D. 2005 Do we understand the causes of bush encroachment in African savannas? Afr. J. Range Forage Sci. 22, 101-105. (doi:10.2989/ 10220110509485867)
29. Lusweti A, Wabuyele E, Ssegawa P, Mauremootoo JR. 2011 Invasive plants of East Africa, Lucid v. 3.5 key and fact sheets. keys. lucidcentral. org/keys/v3/ EAFRINET.
30. van Wyk B, van Heerden F, van Oudtshoorn B. 2002 Poisonous plants of South Africa. Pretoria, South Africa: Briza Publications.
31. Augustine DJ. 2003 Spatial heterogeneity in the herbaceous layer of a semi-arid savanna ecosystem. Plant Ecol. 167, 319-332. (doi:10.1023/ A:1023927512590)
32. Goheen JR et al. 2013 Piecewise disassembly of a large-herbivore community across a rainfall gradient: the UHURU experiment. PLoS ONE 8, e55192. (doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055192)
33. Kartzinel TR, Goheen JR, Charles GK, DeFranco E, Maclean JE, Otieno TO, Palmer TM, Pringle RM. 2014 Plant and small-mammal reponses to largeherbivore exclusion in an African savanna: five years of the UHURU experiment. Ecology 95, 787. (doi:10. 1890/13-1023R.1)
34. Augustine DJ. 2010 Response of native ungulates to drought in semi-arid Kenyan rangeland. Afr. J. Ecol. 48, 1009-1020. (doi:10.1111/j.1365-2028.2010. 01207.x)
35. Young TP, Isbell LA. 1991 Sex differences in giraffe feeding ecology: energetic and social constraints. Ethology 87, 79-89. (doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310. 1991.tb01190.x)
36. Whitehead SR, Bowers MD. 2013 Evidence for the adaptive significance of secondary compounds in vertebrate-dispersed fruits. Am. Nat. 182, 563-577. (doi:10.1086/673258)
37. Houlahan JE. 2007 Compensatory dynamics are rare in natural ecological communities. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104, 3273-3277. (doi:10.1073/pnas. 0603798104)
38. Gadd ME. 2005 Conservation outside of parks: attitudes of local people in Laikipia, Kenya. Environ. Conserv. 32, 50-63. (doi:10.1017/S037689290 5001918)
39. Asner GP, Levick SR. 2012 Landscape-scale effects of herbivores on treefall in African savannas. Ecol. Lett. 15, 1211-1217. (doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012. 01842.x)
40. MacGregor SD, O'Connor TG. 2004 Response of Acacia tortilis to utilization by elephants in a semiarid African savanna. South Afr. J. Wildlife Res. 34, 55-66.
41. Vellend M, Knight TM, Drake JM. 2006 Antagonistic effects of seed dispersal and herbivory on plant migration. Ecol. Lett. 9, 319-326. (doi:10.1111/ j.1461-0248.2005.00878.x)
42. Rodríguez-Pérez J, Wiegand K, Ward D. 2011 Interaction between ungulates and bruchid beetles and its effect on Acacia trees: modeling the costs and benefits of seed dispersal to plant demography. Oecologia 167, 97-105. (doi:10.1007/s00442-011-1964-6)