Increase of Fe solubility in ZnO induced by the grain boundary adsorption

Journal of Materials Science

Volumn 49, Issue 13, 2014, Pages 4490-4498

  Protasova, S G ^a,b   Straumal, B B ^a,b,c   Mazilkin, A A ^a,b   Stakhanova, S V ^d   Straumal, P B ^d,e   Baretzky, B ^a  

^a KARLSRUHE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Germany)

^b INSTITUTE OF SOLID STATE PHYSICS   (Russian Federation)

^c MOSCOW INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY   (Russian Federation)

^d NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MISIS   (Russian Federation)

^e BAIKOV INSTITUTE OF METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE   (Russian Federation)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMORPHOUS FILMS; GRAIN BOUNDARIES; GRAIN SIZE AND SHAPE; METALLIC FILMS; X RAY DIFFRACTION; ZINC OXIDE; ZINC SULFIDE;

AMORPHOUS PHASE; CUBIC LATTICE; GRAIN BOUNDARY ADSORPTION; MAGNETIC BEHAVIOUR; QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION; SOLUBILITY LIMITS; WURTZITE STRUCTURE; X-RAY DIFFRACTION SPECTRUM;

SOLUBILITY;

EID: 84899647263     PISSN: 00222461     EISSN: 15734803     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10853-014-8146-y     Document Type: Article

References (117)

1. McLean D (1957) Grain boundaries in metals. Clarendon Press, Oxford
2. Beke DL, Cserháti C, Erdélyi Z, Szabó IA (2002) Segregation in nanostructures. In: Nalwa HS (ed) Nanoclusters and nanocrystals. American Scientific Publishers, Valencia
3. Beke DL, Erdélyi Z, Bakos P, Cserháti C, Szabó IA (1999) Segregation induced phase transformations in nanostructures. In: Koiwa M, Otsuka K, Miyazaki T (eds) Proceedings of the international conference solid-solid phase transformations'99 (JIMIC-3). The Japan Inst. Met., Tokyo
4. Weissmuller J, Chr L (2000) On the size dependence of the critical point of nanoscale interstitial solid solutions. Philos Mag Lett 80:411-418
5. Lartigue-Korinek S, Legros C, Carry C, Herbst F (2006) Titanium effect on phase transformation and sintering behavior of transition alumina. J Eur Ceram Soc 26:2219-2230
6. Gülgün MA, Voytovych R, Maclaren I, Rühle M, Cannon RM (2002) Cation segregation in an oxide ceramic with low solubility: yttrium doped alpha-alumina. Interface Sci 10:99-110
7. 2. Acta Mater 52:809-820
8. 2. Acta Metall Mater 43:319-328
9. Dietl T, Ohno H, Matsukura F, Cibert J, Ferrand D (2000) Zener model description of ferromagnetism in zinc-blended magnetic semiconductors. Science 287:1019-1022
10. Dietl T (2010) A ten-year perspective on dilute magnetic semiconductors and oxides. Nat Mater 9:965-974
11. Sato K, Katayama-Yoshida H (2002) First principles materials design for semiconductor spintronics. Semicond Sci Technol 17:367-376
12. 2. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res B 286:180-183
13. Prucnal S, Shalimov A, Ozerov M, Potzger K, Skorupa W (2012) Magnetic and optical properties of virgin arc furnace grown MgO crystals. J Cryst Growth 339:70-74
14. Potzger K (2012) Ion-beam synthesis of magnetic semiconductors. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res B 272:78-87
15. 2 annealed at different temperatures. J Magn Magn Mater 324:33-36
16. Soyer A (1993) LMCTEP: software for crystal-structure representation. J Appl Crystallogr 26:495
17. Straumal BB, Mazilkin AA, Protasova SG, Straumal PB, Myatiev AA, Schütz G, Goering E, Tietze Th, Baretzky B (2013) Grain boundaries as the controlling factor for the ferromagnetic behaviour of Co-doped ZnO. Philos Mag 93:1371-1383
18. 4. J Appl Crystallogr 1:124-128
19. 4 nanoparticles synthesized by Fe implantation into ZnO. J Phys D 40:964-969
20. 2+ in tetrahedral fields. J Inorg Nucl Chem 28:397-405
21. Straumal BB, Protasova SG, Mazilkin AA, Straumal PB, Schütz G, Tietze Th, Goering E, Baretzky B (2013) Ferromagnetic behaviour of Fe-doped ZnO nanograined films. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 4:361-369
22. Straumal BB, Protasova SG, Mazilkin AA, Schütz G, Goering E, Baretzky B, Straumal PB (2013) Ferromagnetism of zinc oxide nanograined films. JETP Lett 97:367-377
23. Zhou S, Potzger K, Reuther H, Talut G, von Borany J, Skorupa W, Helm M, Fassbender J (2008) Using X-ray diffraction to identify precipitates in transition metal doped semiconductors. J Appl Phys 103:07D530
24. Zhang H-W, Wei Z-R, Li Z-Q, Dong G-Y (2007) Room-temperature ferromagnetism in Fe-doped, Fe- and Cu-codoped ZnO diluted magnetic semiconductor. Mater Lett 61:3605-3607
25. Kolesnik S, Dabrowski B, Mais J (2004) Structural and magnetic properties of transition metal substituted ZnO. J Appl Phys 95:2582-2586
26. Shim JH, Hwang T, Lee S, Park JH, Han S-J, Jeong JH (2005) Origin of ferromagnetism in Fe- and Cu-codoped ZnO. Appl Phys Lett 86:082503
27. Blasco J, Bartolomé F, García LM, García J (2006) Extrinsic origin of ferromagnetism in doped ZnO. J Mater Chem 16:2282-2288
28. Han S-J, Song JW, Yang C-H, Park SH, Park J-H, Jeong YH, Rhie KW (2002) A key to room-temperature ferromagnetism in Fe-doped ZnO:Cu. Appl Phys Lett 81:4212-4214
29. Blasco J, Bartolomé F, García LM, García J (2007) Magnetic properties of doped ZnO prepared by different synthetic routes. J Magn Magn Mater 316:e177-e180
30. Jayakumar OD, Gopalakrishnan IK, Kulshreshtha SK (2006) Magnetization study of Fe-doped ZnO co-doped with Cu: synthesized by wet chemical method. J Mater Sci 41:4706-4712. doi: 10.1007/s10853-006-0045-4
31. Ahn GY, Park S-I, Shim I-B, Kim CS (2004) Mössbauer studies of ferromagnetism in Fe-doped ZnO magnetic semiconductor. J Magn Magn Mater 282:166-169
32. Tamura T, Ozaki H (2009) The relationship of the magnetic properties of M (M = Mn, Fe, Co)-doped ZnO single crystals and their electronic structures. J Phys Condens Matter 21:026009
33. Zhou S, Potzger K, Talut G, Reuther H, von Borany J, Grötzschel R, Skorupa W, Helm M, Fassbender J (2008) Fe-implanted ZnO: magnetic precipitates versus dilution. J Appl Phys 103:023902
34. Weyer G, Gunnlaugsson HP, Mantovan R, Fanciulli M, Naidoo D, Bharuth-Ram K, Agne T (2007) Defect-related local magnetism at dilute Fe atoms in ion-implanted ZnO. J Appl Phys 102:113915
35. Polyakov AY, Govorkov AV, Smirnov NB, Pashkova NV, Pearton SJ, Ip K, Frazier RM, Abernathy CR, Norton DP, Zavada JM, Wilson RG (2004) Optical and magnetic properties of ZnO bulk crystals implanted with Cr and Fe. Mater Sci Semicond Proc 7:77-81
36. +-implanted ZnO. Appl Surf Sci 255:9371-9375
37. Schumm M, Koerdel M, Müller S, Ronning C, Dynowska E, Gołacki Z, Szuszkiewicz W, Geurts J (2009) Secondary phase segregation in heavily transition metal implanted ZnO. J Appl Phys 105:083525
38. Zhou S, Potzger K, Xu Q, Talut G, Lorenz M, Skorupa W, Helm M, Fassbender J, Grundmann M, Schmidt H (2009) Ferromagnetic transition metal implanted ZnO: a diluted magnetic semiconductor? Vacuum 83:S13-S19
39. Wu P, Saraf G, Lu Y, Hill DH, Gateau R, Wielunski L, Bartynski RA, Arena DA, Dvorak J, Moodenbaugh A, Siegrist T, Raley JA, Yeo YK (2006) Ferromagnetism in Fe-implanted a-plane ZnO films. Appl Phys Lett 89:012508
40. Potzger K, Zhou S, Reuther H, Mücklich A, Eichhorn F, Schell N, Skorupa W, Helm M, Fassbender J, Herrmannsdörfer T, Papageorgiou TP (2006) Fe implanted ferromagnetic ZnO. Appl Phys Lett 88:052508
41. Rita E, Wahl U, Correia JG, Alves E, Soares JC (2004) Lattice location and thermal stability of implanted Fe in ZnO. Appl Phys Lett 85:4899-4901
42. x bulk samples formed by ball milling. Appl Surf Sci 255:4814-4820
43. Chen J, Liu J, West A, Yan Y, Yu M, Zhou W (2008) Room temperature ferromagnetism of FeCo-codoped ZnO nanorods prepared by chemical vapor deposition. IEEE Trans Magn 44:2681-2683
44. Shinagawa T, Izaki M, Inui H, Murase K, Awakura Y (2006) Microstructures and MR effects of transparent ferromagnetic chemically prepared Fe-Zn-O films. Phys Stat Sol A 203:2760-2764
45. Liu H, Yang J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wei M (2008) Ferromagnetism and exchange bias in Fe-doped ZnO nanocrystals. Mater Chem Phys 112:1021-1023
46. Zhang B, Li QH, Shi LQ, Cheng HS, Wang JZ (2008) Room temperature ferromagnetism of Fe-implanted ZnO film. J Vac Sci Technol A 26:1469-1473
47. Zhang Y, Wu L, Li H, Xu J, Han L, Wang B, Tuo Z, Xie E (2009) Influence of Fe doping on the optical property of ZnO films. J Alloys Compd 473:319-322
48. Liu H, Yang J, Zhang Y, Yang L, Wei M, Ding X (2009) Structure and magnetic properties of Fe-doped ZnO prepared by the sol-gel method. J Phys Condens Matter 21:145803
49. Yoon SW, Cho S-B, We SC, Yoon S, Suh BJ, Song HK, Shin YJ (2003) Magnetic properties of ZnO-based diluted magnetic semiconductors. J Appl Phys 93:7879-7881
50. Glaspell G, Dutta P, Manivannan A (2005) A room-temperature and microwave synthesis of M-doped ZnO (M = Co, Cr, Fe, Mn & Ni). J Cluster Sci 16:523-536
51. 0.97O nanoparticles. Mater Chem Phys 118:447-452
52. xO thin films. Appl Phys Lett 80:3358-3360
53. xO thin films synthesized by RF magnetron sputtering. J Korean Phys Soc 52:805-809
54. Seo SY, Kwak CH, Lee YB, Kim SH, Park SH, Han SW (2008) Hole-induced ferromagnetic properties of Fe-added ZnO films. J Korean Phys Soc 52:249-252
55. Chen AJ, Wu XM, Sha ZD, Zhuge LJ, Meng YD (2006) Structure and photoluminescence properties of Fe-doped ZnO thin films. J Phys D 39:4762-4765
56. Wang C, Chen Z, He Y, Li L, Zhang D (2009) Structure, morphology and properties of Fe-doped ZnO films prepared by facing-target magnetron sputtering system. Appl Surf Sci 255:6881-6887
57. Zhao RB, Hou DL, Wei YY, Zhou ZZ, Pan CF, Zhen CM, Tang GD (2009) Ferromagnetism in Fe-doped ZnO thin films. Mod Phys Lett B 23:815-824
58. Dorneles LS, O'Mahony D, Fitzgerald CB, McGee F, Venkatesan M, Stanca I, Lunney JG, Coey JMD (2005) Structural and compositional analysis of transition-metal-doped ZnO and GaNPLD thin films. Appl Surf Sci 248:406-410
59. Venkatesan M, Fitzgerald CB, Lunney JG, Coey JMD (2004) Anisotropic ferromagnetism in substituted zinc oxide. Phys Rev Lett 93:177206
60. Hong NH, Sakai J, Brizé V (2007) Observation of ferromagnetism at room temperature in ZnO thin films. J Phys Condens Matter 19:036219
61. Feng QJ, Shen DZ, Zhang JY, Li BH, Zhang ZZ, Lu YM, Fan XW (2008) Room temperature ferromagnetic properties of ZnFeO thin films prepared by thermal oxidation of ZnFeS thin films. Mater Mater Chem Phys 112:1106-1109
62. Kumar R, Pratap Singh A, Thakur P, Chae KH, Choi WK, Angadi B, Kaushik SD, Patnaik S (2008) Ferromagnetism and metal-semiconducting transition in Fe-doped ZnO thin films. J Phys D Appl Phys 41:155002
63. xO (x = 0.05 and 0.10) diluted magnetic semiconducting nanoparticles Philos Mag 88:265-275
64. Kataoka T, Kobayashi M, Song GS, Sakamoto Y, Fujimori A, Chang FH, Lin HJ, Huang DJ, Chen CT, Mandal SK, Nath TK, Karmakar D, Dasgupta I (2009) X-ray magnetic circular dichroism investigations of the origin of room temperature ferromagnetism in Fe-doped ZnO nanoparticles. Jpn J Appl Phys 48:04C200
65. Karmakar D, Mandal SK, Kadam RM, Paulose PL, Rajarajan AK, Nath TK, Das AK, Dasgupta I, Das GP (2007) Ferromagnetism in Fe-doped ZnO nanocrystals: experiment and theory. Phys Rev B 75:144404
66. Kimishima Y, Uehara M, Irie K, Ishihara S, Yamaguchi Y, Saitoh TM, Kimoto K, Matsui Y (2008) Production of bulk dilute ferromagnetic semiconductor by mechanical milling. J Magn Magn Mater 320:e674-e677
67. Lin Y, Jiang D, Lin F, Shi W, Ma X (2007) Fe-doped ZnO magnetic semiconductor by mechanical alloying. J Alloys Compd 436:30-33
68. Xin M, Chen Y, Jia C, Zhang X (2008) Electro-codeposition synthesis and room temperature ferromagnetic anisotropy of high concentration Fe-doped ZnO nanowire arrays. Mater Lett 62:2717-2720
69. Uum YR, Han BS, Lee HM, Hong SM, Kim GM, Rhee CK (2007) Magnetic and photocatalytic effect of Fe-doped nano-rod ZnO synthesized by the hydrolysis of metal powders. Phys Stat Sol C 4:4408-4411
70. Alaria J, Venkatesan M, Coey JMD (2008) Magnetism of ZnO nanoparticles doped with 3d cations prepared by a solvothermal method. J Appl Phys 103:07D123
71. Rattana T, Suwanboon S, Amornpitoksuk P, Haidoux A, Limsuwan P (2009) Improvement of optical properties of nanocrystalline Fe-doped ZnO powders through precipitation method from citrate-modified zinc nitrate solution. J Alloys Compd 480:603-607
72. Sharma PK, Dutta RK, Pandey AC, Layek S, Verma HC (2009) Effect of iron doping concentration on magnetic properties of ZnO nanoparticles. J Magn Magn Mater 321:2587-2591
73. Hosford WF (2007) Materials science: an intermediate text. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
74. Clarke DR (1987) On the equilibrium thickness of intergranular glass phases in ceramic materials. J Am Ceram Soc 70:15-22
75. Clarke DR, Shaw TM, Philipse AP, Horn RG (1993) Possible electrical double-layer contribution to the equilibrium thickness of intergranular glass-films in polycrystalline ceramics. J Am Ceram Soc 76:1201-1204
76. Tanaka I, Kleebe HJ, Cinibulk MK, Bruley J, Clarke DR, Rühle MJ (1994) Calcium concentration dependence of the intergranular film thickness in silicon. Am Ceram Soc 77:911-914
77. Bobeth M, Clarke DR, Pompe W (1999) A diffuse interface description of intergranular films in polycrystalline ceramics. J Am Ceram Soc 82:1537-1546
78. Avishai A, Scheu C, Kaplan WD (2005) Intergranular films at metal-ceramic interfaces Part I - interface structure and chemistry. Acta Mater 53:1559-1569
79. Levi G, Kaplan WD (2006) The influence of interfacial wetting and adhesion on the formation of voids at metal-ceramic interfaces. J Mater Sci 41:817-821. doi: 10.1007/s10853-006-6565-0
80. Baram M, Kaplan WD (2006) Intergranular films at Au-sapphire interfaces. J Mater Sci 41:7775-7784. doi: 10.1007/s10853-006-0897-7
81. Lee JR, Chiang YM, Ceder G (1997) Pressure-thermodynamic study of grain boundaries: Bi segregation in ZnO. Acta Mater 45:1247-1257
82. Wang H, Chiang YM (1998) Thermodynamic stability of intergranular amorphous films in bismuth-doped zinc oxide. J Am Ceram Soc 81:89-96
83. Kleebe HJ, Hoffmann MJ, Rühle M (1992) Influence of secondary phase chemistry on grain boundary film thickness in silicon nitride. Z Metallkd 83:610-617
84. Kleebe HJ, Cinibulk MK, Cannon RM, Rühle M (1993) Statistical analysis of the intergranular film thickness in silicon nitride ceramics. J Am Ceram Soc 76:1969-1977
85. Chiang YM, Silverman LA, French RH, Cannon RM (1994) Thin glass film between ultrafine conductor particles in thick-film resistors. J Am Ceram Soc 77:1143-1152
86. Ackler HD, Chiang YM (1997) Model experiment on thermodynamic stability of retained intergranular amorphous films. J Am Ceram Soc 80:1893-1896
87. Chiang YM, Wang H, Lee JR (1998) HREM and STEM of intergranular films at zinc oxide varistor grain boundaries. J Microsc 191:275-285
88. Ackler HD, Chiang YM (1999) Effect of initial microstructure on final intergranular phase distribution in liquid-phase-sintered ceramics. J Am Ceram Soc 82:183-189
89. Cannon RM, Esposito L (1999) High temperature colloidal behavior: particles in liquid silicates. Z Metallkd 90:1002-1015
90. 3-doped ZnO. J Am Ceram Soc 82:916-920
91. Cahn JW (1977) Critical point wetting. J Chem Phys 66:3667-3672
92. Eustathopoulos N (1983) Energetics of solid/liquid interfaces of metals and alloys. Int Met Rev 28:189-210
93. Straumal BB, Gust W, Watanabe T (1999) Tie lines of the grain boundary wetting phase transition in the Zn-rich part of the Zn-Sn phase diagram. Mater Sci Forum 294(296):411-414
94. Semenov VN, Straumal BB, Glebovsky VG, Gust W (1995) Preparation of Fe-Si single crystals and bicrystals for diffusion experiments by the electron-beam floating zone technique. J Cryst Growth 151:180-186
95. Straumal B, Rabkin E, Lojkowski W, Gust W, Shvindlerman LS (1997) Pressure influence on the grain boundary wetting phase transition in Fe-Si alloys. Acta Mater 45:1931-1940
96. Straumal BB, Mazilkin AA, Kogtenkova OA, Protasova SG, Baretzky B (2007) Grain boundary phase observed in Al-5 at.% Zn alloy by using HREM. Philos Mag Lett 87:423-430
97. Straumal BB, Kogtenkova O, Ziȩba P (2008) Wetting transition of grain-boundary triple junctions. Acta Mater 56:925-933
98. Gupta VK, Yoon DH, Meyer HM III, Luo J (2007) Thin intergranular films and solid-state activated sintering in nickel-doped tungsten. Acta Mater 55:3131-3142
99. Luo J, Gupta VK, Yoon DH, Meyer HM (2005) Segregation-induced grain boundary premelting in nickel-doped tungsten. Appl Phys Lett 87:231902
100. Tang M, Carter WC, Cannon RM (2006) Grain boundary transitions in binary alloys. Phys Rev Lett 97:075502
101. Tang M, Carter WC, Cannon RM (2006) Diffuse interface model for structural transitions of grain boundaries. Phys Rev B 73:024102
102. Luo J, Tang M, Cannon RM, Carter WC, Chiang YM (2006) Pressure-balance and diffuse-interface models for surficial amorphous films. Mater Sci Eng A 422:19-28
103. Kaplan WD, Chatain D, Wynblatt P, Carter WC (2013) A review of wetting versus adsorption, complexions, and related phenomena: the rosetta stone of wetting. J Mater Sci 48:5681-5717. doi: 10.1007/s10853-013-7462-y
104. Luo J (2007) Stabilization of nanoscale quasi-liquid interfacial films in inorganic materials: a review and critical assessment. Crit Rev Solid State Mater Sci 32:67-109
105. Luo J, Chiang YM, Cannon RM (2005) Nanometer-thick surficial films in oxides as a case of prewetting. Langmuir 21:7358-7365
106. 3. J Am Ceram Soc 57:357-359
107. 3 ceramics. Am Ceram Soc Bull 53:816-820
108. Greuter F (1995) Electrically active interfaces in ZnO varistors. Sol State Ionics 75:67-78
109. Gambino JP, Kingery WD, Pike GE, Philipp HR (1989) Effect of heat-treatments on the wetting behaviour of bismuth-rich intergarnular phases in ZnO-Bi-Co varistors. J Am Ceram Soc 72:642-645
110. 3 varistor. J Am Ceram Soc 62:221-222
111. Olsson E, Falk LKL, Dunlop GL (1985) The microstructure of a ZnO varistor material. J Mater Sci 20:4091-4098. doi: 10.1007/BF00552403
112. Olsson E, Dunlop GL (1989) Characterization of individual interfacial barriers in a ZnO varistor material. J Appl Phys 66:3666-3675
113. Matsuoka M (1971) Nonohmic properties of zinc oxide ceramics. Jpn J Appl Phys 10:736-742
114. Luo J, Chiang YM (2008) Wetting and prewetting on ceramic surfaces. Annu Rev Mater Res 38:227-249
115. Luo J, Chiang YM (2000) Existence and stability of nanometer-thick disordered films on oxide surfaces. Acta Mater 48:4501-4515
116. Qian H, Luo J (2007) Vanadia-based equilibrium-thickness amorphous films on anatase (101) surfaces. J Appl Phys Lett 91:061909
117. 3 with and without nanometer-thick surficial amorphous films. Acta Mater 56:862-873