A monostatic microwave transmission experiment for line integrated precipitation and humidity remote sensing

Atmospheric Research

Volumn 144, Issue , 2014, Pages 57-72

  Chwala, Christian ^a   Kunstmann, Harald ^a,b   Hipp, Susanne ^c   Siart, Uwe ^c  

^a KARLSRUHE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF AUGSBURG   (Germany)

^c TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

Author keywords

Humidity; Microwave remote sensing; Precipitation; Remote sensing; Weather radar

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY; EXPERIMENTS; METEOROLOGICAL RADAR; PRECIPITATION (CHEMICAL); SYSTEM STABILITY; WAVE TRANSMISSION;

ABSOLUTE HUMIDITY; DIFFERENTIAL ATTENUATION; DROP SIZE DISTRIBUTION; HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL POLARIZATIONS; IN-SITU MEASUREMENT; MICROWAVE REMOTE SENSING; MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION; RAIN RATE RETRIEVAL;

REMOTE SENSING;

HUMIDITY; HYDROMETEOROLOGY; PRECIPITATION (CLIMATOLOGY); RADAR; REMOTE SENSING; WATER VAPOR; WEATHER;

GERMANY;

EID: 84899630837     PISSN: 01698095     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2013.05.014     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Andrieu H., Creutin J.D., Delrieu G., Faure D. Use of a weather radar for the hydrology of a mountainous area. Part I: radar measurement interpretation. J. Hydrol. 1997, 193:1-25.
2. Atlas D. Advances in radar meteorology. Advances in Geophysics 1964, 10:385. Academic Press.
3. Atlas D., Ulbrich C.W. Path- and area-integrated rainfall measurement by microwave attenuation in the 1-3cm band. J. Appl. Meteorol. 1977, 16:1322-1331.
4. Aydin K., Daisley S. Relationships between rainfall rate and 35-GHz attenuation and differential attenuation: modeling the effects of raindrop size distribution, canting, and oscillation. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 2002, 40:2343-2352.
5. Bean B.R., Dutton E.J. Radio Meteorology 1968, 435. Dover Publications.
6. Beard K.V. Terminal velocity and shape of cloud and precipitation drops aloft. J. Atmos. Sci. 1976, 33:851-864.
7. Berne A., Schleiss M. Retrieval of the rain drop size distribution using telecommunication dual-polarization microwave links. 34th Conference on Radar Meteorology 2009.
8. Bevis M., Businger S., Herring T., Rocken C., Anthes R., Ware R. GPS meteorology - remote sensing of atmospheric water vapor using the global positioning system. J. Geophys. Res. 1992, 97:15787-15801.
9. Borowska L., Ryzhkov A., Zrnić D., Simmer C., Palmer R. Attenuation and differential attenuation of 5-cm-wavelength radiation in melting hail. J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. 2011, 50:59-76.
10. Chuang C.C., Beard K.V. A numerical model for the equilibrium shape of electrified raindrops. J. Atmos. Sci. 1990, 47:1374-1389.
11. Chwala C., Gmeiner A., Qiu W., Hipp S., Nienaber D., Siart U., Eibert T., Pohl M., Seltmann J., Fritz J., Kunstmann H. Precipitation observation using microwave backhaul links in the alpine and pre-alpine region of southern Germany. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 2012, 16:2647-2661.
12. Cuccoli F., Facheris L., Tanelli S., Giuli D. Microwave attenuation measurements in satellite-ground links: the potential of spectral analysis for water vapor profiles retrieval. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 2001, 39:645-654.
13. David N., Alpert P., Messer H. Technical note: novel method for water vapor monitoring using wireless communication networks measurements. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2009, 9:2413-2418.
14. Fabry F., Frush C., Zawadzki I., Kilambi A. On the extraction of near-surface index of refraction using radar phase measurements from ground targets. J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. 1997, 14:978-987.
15. Friedrich K., Kalina E.A., Masters F.J., Lopez C.R. Drop-size distributions in thunderstorms measured by optical disdrometers during VORTEX2. Mon. Wea. Rev. 2012, 141:1182-1203.
16. Goldshtein O., Messer H., Zinevich A. Rain rate estimation using measurements from commercial telecommunications links. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 2009, 57:1616-1625.
17. Hazenberg P., Leijnse H., Uijlenhoet R. Radar rainfall estimation of stratiform winter precipitation in the Belgian Ardennes. Water Resour. Res. 2011, 47:W02507.
18. Hipp S., Siart U., Chwala C., Eibert T., Kunstmann H. Dynamic modelling of atmospheric microwave transmission for precipitation quantification using mie scattering. Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP), Proceedings of the 5th European Conference 2011, 3380-3383.
19. Holt A., Kuznetsov G., Rahimi A. Comparison of the use of dual-frequency and single-frequency attenuation for the measurement of path-averaged rainfall along a microwave link. IEE Proc. Microwaves Antennas Propag. 2003, 150:315-320.
20. ITU ITU-R p. 676-9: Attenuation by Atmospheric Gases 2001, International Telecommunication Union.
21. ITU ITU-R p. 838-2: Specific Attenuation Model for Rain for Use in Prediction Methods 2003, International Telecommunication Union.
22. Joss J., Waldvogel A. Raindrop size distribution and sampling size errors. J. Atmos. Sci. 1969, 26:566-569.
23. Knight N.C. Hailstone shape factor and its relation to radar interpretation of hail. J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol. 1986, 25:1956-1958.
24. Laws J.O., Parsons D.A. The relation of raindrop-size to intensity. Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 1943, 24:452-460.
25. Leijnse H., Uijlenhoet R., Stricker J.N.M. Hydrometeorological application of a microwave link: 1. evaporation. Water Resour. Res. 2007, 43:W04416.
26. Leijnse H., Uijlenhoet R., Stricker J.N.M. Hydrometeorological application of a microwave link: 2. precipitation. Water Resour. Res. 2007, 43:W04417.
27. Leijnse H., Uijlenhoet R., Stricker J.N.M. Rainfall measurement using radio links from cellular communication networks. Water Resour. Res. 2007, 43:W03201.
28. Liebe H.J. MPM - An atmospheric millimeter-wave propagation model. Int. J. Infrared Millimeter Waves 1989, 10:631-650.
29. Liebe H.J., Hufford G.A., Manabe T. A model for the complex permittivity of water at frequencies below 1THz. Int. J. Infrared Millimeter Waves 1991, 12:659-675.
30. Marshall J.S., Palmer W.M.K. The distribution of raindrops with size. J. Meteorol. 1948, 5:165-166.
31. Mätzler C., Martin L. Advanced Model of Extinction by Rain and Measurements at 38 and 94GHz and in the Visible Range. IAP Research Report 2003, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
32. Meijninger W., Beyrich F., Lüdi A., Kohsiek W., Bruin H. Scintillometer-based turbulent fluxes of sensible and latent heat over a heterogeneous land surface - a contribution to Litfass-2003. Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 2006, 121:89-110.
33. Messer H., Zinevich A., Alpert P. Environmental monitoring by wireless communication networks. Science 2006, 312:713.
34. Minda H., Nakamura K. High temporal resolution path-average rain gauge with 50-GHz band microwave. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 2005, 22:165-179.
35. Mishchenko M.I. Calculation of the amplitude matrix for a nonspherical particle in a fixed orientation. Appl. Opt. 2000, 39:1026-1031.
36. Mueller G. Propagation of 6-millimeter waves. Proc. IRE 1946, 34:181-183.
37. Nešpor V., Sevruk B. Estimation of wind-induced error of rainfall gauge measurements using a numerical simulation. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 1999, 16:450.
38. Olsen R., Rogers D., Hodge D. The aRbrelation in the calculation of rain attenuation. IEEE Antennas Propag. 1978, 26:318-329.
39. Overeem A., Leijnse H., Uijlenhoet R. Measuring urban rainfall using microwave links from commercial cellular communication networks. Water Resour. Res. 2011, 47:W12505.
40. Pruppacher H.R., Beard K.V. A wind tunnel investigation of the internal circulation and shape of water drops falling at terminal velocity in air. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 1970, 96:247-256.
41. Rahimi A.R., Holt A.R., Upton G.J.G., Cummings R.J. Use of dual-frequency microwave links for measuring path-averaged rainfall. J. Geophys. Res. 2003, 108(D15):4467.
42. Rincon R.F., Lang R.H. Microwave link dual-wavelength measurements of path-average attenuation for the estimation of drop size distributions and rainfall. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 2002, 40:760-770.
43. Roberts R.D., Fabry F., Kennedy P.C., Nelson E., Wilson J.W., Rehak N., Fritz J., Chandrasekar V., Braun J., Juanzhen S., et al. REFRACTT 2006: real-time retrieval of high-resolution, low-level moisture fields from operational NEXRAD and research radars. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 2008, 89:1535-1548.
44. Ruf C.S., Aydin K., Mathur S., Bobak J.P. 35-GHz dual-polarization propagation link for rain-rate estimation. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 1996, 13:419-425.
45. Schleiss M., Berne A. Identification of dry and rainy periods using telecommunication microwave links. IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. 2010, 7:611-615.
46. Sevruk B., Zahlavova L. Classification system of precipitation gauge site exposure: evaluation and application. Int. J. Climatol. 1994, 14:681-689.
47. Smith D.R., Pumphry M.E., Snow J.T. A comparison of errors in objectively analyzed fields for uniform and nonuniform station distributions. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 1986, 3:84-97.
48. Stratton J. The effect of rain and fog on the propagation of very short radio waves. Proc. Inst. Radio Eng. 1930, 18:1064-1074.
49. Ulbrich C.W. Natural variations in the analytical form of the raindrop size distribution. J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol. 1983, 22:1764-1775.
50. Ulbrich C.W., Lee L.G. Rainfall measurement error by WSR-88D radars due to variations in Z-R law parameters and the radar constant. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 1999, 16:1017-1024.
51. Upton G., Holt A., Cummings R., Rahimi A., Goddard J. Microwave links: the future for urban rainfall measurement?. Atmos. Res. 2005, 77:300-312.
52. Ware R., Rocken C., Exner M., Feng D., Herman B., Gorbunov M., Hardy K., Kuo Y., Meehan T., Melbourne W. GPS sounding of the atmosphere from low earth orbit: preliminary results. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 1996, 77:19-40.
53. Waterman P.C. Symmetry, unitarity, and geometry in electromagnetic scattering. Phys. Rev. D 1971, 3:825.
54. Weckwerth T.M., Pettet C.R., Fabry F., Park S.J., LeMone M.A., Wilson J.W. Radar refractivity retrieval: validation and application to short-term forecasting. J. Appl. Meteorol. 2005, 44:285-300.
55. Wolf D.A.d On the laws-parsons distribution of raindrop sizes. Radio Sci. 2001, 36:639-642.
56. Zinevich A., Alpert P., Messer H. Estimation of rainfall fields using commercial microwave communication networks of variable density. Adv. Water Resour. 2008, 31:1470-1480.