Agency, identity, and control

Beyond Wari Walls: Regional Perspectives on Middle Horizon Peru

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 233-254

  Isbell, William H ^a  

^a BINGHAMTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84899601879     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (127)

1. Adelaar, Willem F. H.2010 Cajamarca Quechua and the Expansion of the Huari State. McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge, in press.
2. Adelaar, Willem F. H., with the collaboration of Pieter C. Muysken 2004 Languages of the Andes. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
3. Alcock, Susan, Terrence N. D'Altroy, Kathleen D. Morrison, and Carla M. Sinopoli 2001 Empires: Perspectives from Archaeology and History. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
4. Angeles, Rommel, and Denise Pozzi-Escot 2000 Investigaciones arqueológicas en Huaca Malena, valle de Asia. Arqueolo ́ gicas 24:63-77. Museo Nacional de Arqueología, Anthropología y Historia del Perú, Lima.
5. 2001 Textiles del Horizonte Medio. Las evidenicas de Huaca Malena, valle de Asia. In Huari y Tiwanaku: Modelos vs. evidencias. Primera parte, edited by Peter Kaulicke and William Isbell, pp. 401-424. Boletin de Arqueología PUCP No. 4. Fondo Editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima.
6. Bauer, Brian S.2006 Suspension Bridges in the Inca Empire. In Andean Archaeology III: North and South, edited by William H. Isbell and Helaine Silverman, pp. 468-496. Springer, New York.
7. Bawden, Garth 1977 Galindo and the Nature of the Middle Horizon on the North Coast of Peru. Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
8. 1982 Galindo, A Study in Cultural Transition during the Middle Horizon. In Chan Chan: Andean Desert City, edited by Michael E. Moseley and Kent C. Day, pp. 285-320. School of American Research Advanced Seminar Series. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.
9. Bawden, Garth, and Geoffrey Conrad 1982 The Andean Heritage. Peabody Museum, Harvard University,Cambridge, Massachusetts.
10. Benavides C., Mario 1984 Card ́ cter del estado Wari ́ . Universidad Nacional Mayor SanCristóbal de Huamanga, Ayacucho, Peru.
11. 1991 Cheqo Wasi, Huari. In Huari Administrative Structure:Prehistoric Monumental Architecture and State Government, edited by William H. Isbell and Gordon F. McEwan, pp. 55-69.Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C.
12. Bennett, Wendell C.1946 The Central Andes. In Handbook of South American Indians. Vol. 2: The Andean Civilizations, edited by Julian H. Steward, pp. 61-147. Bulletin 143. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
13. 1953 Excavations at Wari, Ayacucho, Peru. Yale University Publications in Anthropology No. 49. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut.
14. Beresford-Jones, David, and Paul Heggarty 2010 What Role for Language Prehistory in Redefining Archaeological Culture: A Case Study on New Horizons in the Andes. In Investigating Archaeological Cultures: Material Culture, Variability and Transmission, edited by B. Roberts and M. Vander Linden. Springer, New York, in press.
15. Bolton, Ralph, and Enrique Mayer (editors) 1977 Andean Kinship and Marriage. Special Publication of the American Anthropological Association No. 7. American Anthropological Association, Washington, D.C.
16. Bragayrac Dávila, Enrique 1991 Archaeological Excavations in the Vegachayoq Moqo Sector of Huari. In Huari Administrative Structure: Prehistoric Monumental Architecture and State Government, edited by William H. Isbell and Gordon F. McEwan, pp. 71-80. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C.
17. Castillo, Luis J.2001 La presencia de Wari en San José de Moro. In Huari y Tiwanaku: Modelos vs. evidencias. Primera parte, edited byPeter Kaulicke and William Isbell, pp. 143-180. Boletín de Arqueología PUCP No. 4. Fondo Editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima.
18. 2008 Highland-Coastal Interaction as Factors in the Collapse and Reconfiguration of the Moche from Jequetepeque, North Coast Peru. Paper presented at the 73rd Annual Meetings of the Society for American Archaeology, Vancouver.
19. Chávez, Sergio J.1985 Funerary Offerings from a Middle Horizon Context inPomacanchi, Cuzco. N-awpaPacha 22-23(1984-1985):1-48.
20. Conchopata 2000 In Geografica section. National Geographic. March:7.
21. Cook, Anita G.2001 Huari D-Shaped Structures, Sacrificial Offerings, and Divine Rulership. In Ritual Sacrifice in Ancient America, edited by Elizabeth P. Benson and Anita G. Cook, pp. 137-163. University of Texas Press, Austin.
22. Deagan, Kathleen 1983 Spanish St. Augustine: The Archaeology of a Colonial Creole Society. Academic Press, New York.
23. 1998 Transculturation and Spanish-American Ethnogenesis: The Archaeological Legacy of the Quincentenary. In Studies in Culture Contact: Interaction, Culture Change, and Archaeology, edited by James Cusick, pp. 23-43. Center for Archaeological Investigations Occasional Paper 25. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.
24. Donnan, Christopher B., and Carol J. Mackey 1978 Ancient Burial Patterns of the Moche Valley, Peru. University ofTexas Press, Austin.
25. Dulanto, Juan 2001 Dioses de Pachacamac: El ídolo y el templo. In Los dioses del antiguo Peru, vol. 2, edited by Krzysztof Makowski, pp. 159181. Colección Arte y Tesoros del Peru, Banco de Crédito del Peru, Lima.
26. Eeckhout, Peter 2005 Monuments and Patterns of Power at Pachacamac, CentralCoast of Peru. National Geographic 207(3):52-57.
27. Flannery, Kent V.2002 Prehistoric Social Evolution. In Archaeology: Original Readings in Method and Practice, edited by Peter N. Peregrine, Carol R. Ember, and Melvin Ember, pp. 225-244. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
28. Gayton, Ann H.1927 The Uhle Collections from Nieveri ́ a. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology Vol. 27, No. 8. University of California, Berkeley.
29. Glowacki, Mary 2002 The Huaro Archaeological Site Complex. In Andean Archaeology I: Variations in Political Organization, edited by William H. Isbell and Helaine Silverman, pp. 267-285. Plenum, New York and London.
30. 2005 Dating Pikillacta. In Pikillacta: The Wari Empire in Cuzco, edited by Gordon F. McEwan, pp. 117-124. University of Iowa Press, Iowa City.
31. Goldstein, Paul S.1993 Tiwanaku Temples and State Expansion: A Tiwanaku Sunken-Court Temple in Moquegua, Peru. Latin American Antiquity 4(1):22-47.
32. 2000 Exotic Goods and Everyday Chiefs: Long-Distance Exchange and Indigenous Sociopolitical Development in the South Central Andes. Latin American Antiquity 11(4):335-361.
33. 2005 Andean Diaspora: The Tiwanaku Colonies and the Origins of South American Empire. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.
34. González Carré, Mario, and Enrique Bragayrac D.1986 El templo mayor de Wari, Ayacucho. Boletin de Lima 8(47):9-20.
35. Gosden, Chris 2004 Archaeology and Colonialism: Culture Contact from 5000 BC toPresent. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
36. Holguín, Diego G.1989 [1608] Vocabulario de la lengua general de todo el Peru ́ . Librería e Imprenta Morena, Trujillo, Peru.
37. Isbell, William H.1971 Un pueblo rural Ayacuchano durante el imperio Huari. Actas y Memorias del 39 Congreso Internacional de Americanistas 3:89-105.
38. 1977 The Rural Foundation for Urbanism. Illinois Studies in Anthropology No. 10. University of Illinois Press, Urbana.
39. 1984 Huari Urban Prehistory. In Current Archaeological Projects in the Central Andes, edited by Ann Kendall, pp. 95-131. BAR International Series 210. British Archaeological Reports, Oxford.
40. 1989 Honcopampa: Was It a Huari Administrative Center? In The Nature of Wari: A Reappraisal of the Middle Horizon in Peru, edited by Richard M. Czwarno, Frank Meddens, and Alexandra Morgan, pp. 98-115. BAR International Series 525. British Archaeological Reports, Oxford.
41. 1991a Huari Administration and the Orthogonal Cellular Architecture Horizon. In Huari Administrative Structure: Prehistoric Monumental Architecture and State Government, edited by William H. Isbell and Gordon F. McEwan, pp. 293-315. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C.
42. 1991b Honcopampa: Monumental Ruins in Peru's North Highlands. Expedition Magazine 33(3): 27-36.
43. 1997 Reconstructing Huari: A Cultural Chronology from the Capital City. In Emergence and Change in Early Urban Societies, edited by L. Manzanilla, pp. 181-227. Plenum Press, New York and London.
44. 2001 Huari y Tiahuanaco, arquitectura, identidad y religión. In Los dioses del antiguo Peru, vol. 2, edited by Krzysztof Makowski, pp. 1-37. Collectión Arte y Tesoros del Peru, Banco de Crédito del Peru, Lima.
45. 2004 Mortuary Preferences: A Huari Case Study from Middle Horizon Peru. Latin American Antiquity 15(1): 3-32.
46. 2006 Landscape of Power: A Network of Palaces in Middle Horizon Peru. In Palaces and Power in the Americas: From Peru to the Northwest Coast, edited by J. J. Christie and P. J. Sarro, pp. 44-98. University of Texas Press, Austin.
47. Isbell, William H., Christine Brewster-Wray, and Linda Spickard 1991 Architecture and Spatial Organization at Huari. In Huari Administrative Structure: Prehistoric Monumental Architecture and State Government, edited by William H. Isbell and Gordon F. McEwan, pp. 19-53. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C.
48. Isbell, William H., and Anita G. Cook 2002 A New Perspective on Conchopata and the Andean Middle Horizon. In Andean Archaeology II: Art, Landscape and Society, edited by Helaine Silverman and William H. Isbell, pp. 249- 305. Kluwer Academic/Plenum, New York.
49. Isbell, William H., and Patricia Knobloch 2006 Missing Links, Imaginary Links: Staff God Imagery in the South Andean Past. In Andean Archaeology III: North and South, edited by William H. Isbell and Helaine Silverman, pp. 307-351. Springer Science & Business Media, New York.
50. Isbell, William H., and Gordon F. McEwan 1991 A History of Huari Studies and Introduction to Current Interpretations. In Huari Administrative Structure: Prehistoric Monumental Architecture and State Government, edited by William H. Isbell and Gordon F. McEwan, pp. 1-18. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C.
51. Isbell, William H., and Gordon F. McEwan (editors) 1991 Huari Administrative Structure: Prehistoric Monumental Architecture and State Government. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Washington, D.C.
52. Isbell, William H., And Katharina J. Schreiber 1978 Was Huari a State? American Antiquity 43(3): 372-389.
53. Isla Cuadrado, Johnny 2001 Una tumba Nasca en Punte Gentil, valle de Santa Cruz, Perú. Beiträge Zur Allgemeinen und Vergleichenden Archäologie 21:207-239.
54. Kaulicke, Peter 2001 La sombra de Pachacamac: Huari en la Costa Central. In Huari y Tiwanaku: Modelos vs. evidencias. Primera parte, edited by Peter Kaulicke and William Isbell, pp. 313-358. Boletín de Arqueología PUCP No. 4. Fondo Editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima.
55. Kaulicke, Peter, and William H. Isbell (editors) 2001 Huari y Tiwanaku: Modelos vs. evidencias. Primera parte. Boletín de Arqueología PUCP No. 4. Fondo Editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima.
56. 2002 Huari y Tiwanaku: Modelos vs. evidencias. Segunda parte. Boletín de Arqueología PUCP No. 5. Fondo Editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima.
57. Kosok, Paul 1965 Life, Land and Water in Ancient Peru. Long Island UniversityPress, New York.
58. Kroeber, Alfred L.1925 The Uhle Pottery Collections from Supe. Univeristy of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology Vol. 21, No. 5. University of California, Berkeley.
59. Larco Hoyle, Rafael 1948 Cronologi ́ a arqueold ́ gica del norte del Peru ́ . Sociedad GeográficaAmericana, Buenos Aires.
60. Lau, George F.-Y.2001 The Ancient Community of Chinchawas: Economy and Ceremony in the North Highlands of Peru. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
61. 2004 The Recuay Culture of Peru's North-Central Highlands: A Reappraisal of Chronology and Its Implications. Journal of Field Archaeology 29:177-202.
62. 2005 Core-Periphery Relations in the Recuay Hinterlands: Economic Interaction at Chinchawas, Peru. Antiquity 79:78-99.
63. 2007 El misterio de Yayno. Gaceta Cultural del Peru (Institute Nacional de Cultura del Peru) 27(April):26-29.
64. 2008 Ancestor Images in the Andes. In Handbook of South American Archaeology, edited by Helaine Silverman and William H. Isbell, pp. 1025-1043. Springer, New York.
65. Leoni, Juan B.2004 Ritual, Place and Memory in the Construction of Community Identity: A Diachronic View from Nawinpukyo, Ayacucho, Peru. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, State University of New York, Binghamton.
66. Lightfoot, Kent, Antoinette Martinez, and Ann Schiff 1998 Daily Practice and Material Culture in Pluralistic Social Settings: An Archaeological Study of Culture Change and Persistence from Fort Ross, California. American Antiquity 63:199-222.
67. Lumbreras, Luis G.1959 Esquema arqueológica de la sierra central del Peru. Revista delMuseo Nacional 28:63-116.
68. 1960a Espacio y cultura en los Andes. Revista del Museo Nacional 21:177-200.
69. 1960b La cultura Wari, Ayacucho. Etnologíay Arqueología 1(1):130-226.
70. 1969 De los pueblos, las culturas y las artes del antiguo Peru. FranciscoMoncloa Editores, Lima.
71. 1974 Las fundaciones de Huamanga. Editorial Nueva Education,Lima.
72. McEwan, Gordon F.1987 The Middle Horizon in the Valley of Cuzco, Peru: The Impact of the Wari Occupation of Pikillacta in the Lucre Basin. BAR International Series S-372. British Archaeological Reports, Oxford.
73. 1996 Archaeological Investigations at Pikillacta, a Wari Site in Peru. Journal of Field Archaeology 23(2): 169-186.
74. 1998 The Function of Niched Halls in Wari Architecture. Latinamerican Antiquity 9(i):68-86.
75. 2005 Pikillacta: The Wari Empire in Cuzco. University of Iowa Press, Iowa City.
76. Mackey, Carol J.1982 The Middle Horizon as Viewed from the Moche Valley. In Chan Chan: Andean Desert City, edited by Michael E. Moseley and Kent C. Day, pp. 321-331. School of American Research and University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.
77. Malpass, Michael 2002 Sonay: Un centro Wari cellular ortogonal en el valle de Camana. In Huari y Tiwanaku: Modelos vs. evidencias. Segunda parte, edited by Peter Kaulicke and William Isbell, pp. 51-68. Boleti ́ n de Arqueologi ́ a PUCP No. 5. Fondo Editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Cato ́ lica del Peru ́ , Lima.
78. Mason, J. Alden 1957 The Ancient Civilizations of Peru. Penguin Books,Harmondsworth, England.
79. Massey, Doreen B.2005 For Space. SAGE, Thousand Oaks, California.
80. Matos Mendieta, Ramiro 1966 Algunos consideraciones sobre el estilo de Vicu ́ s. Revista delMuseo Nacional 34:89-130.
81. Menzel, Dorothy 1964 Style and Time in the Middle Horizon. N-awpa Pacha 2:1-106.
82. 1968 New Data on Middle Horizon Epoch 2A. N-awpa Pacha 6:47-114.
83. 1977 The Archaeology of Ancient Peru and the Work of Max Uhle. R. H. Lowie Museum of Anthropology, University ofCalifornia, Berkeley.
84. Morris, Craig, and Donald E. Thompson 1985 Hudnuco Pampa, an Inca City and Its Hinterland. Thames andHudson, New York.
85. Moseley, Michael E.1975 Chan Chan: Andean Alternative of the Pre-Industrial City? Science 187:219-225.
86. 1982 Introduction: Human Exploitation and Organization on theNorth Andean Coast. In Chan Chan: Andean Desert City, edited by Michael E. Moseley and Kent C. Day, pp. 1-24.School of American Research and University of New MexicoPress, Albuquerque.
87. Nash, Donna J., and Patrick R. Williams 2005 Architecture and Power on the Wari-Tiwanaku Frontier. In Foundations of Power in the Prehispanic Andes, edited by Kevin J. Vaughn, Dennis Ogburn, and Christina A. Conlee, pp. 151-174. Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association 14. American Anthropological Association, Arlington, Virginia.
88. Ochatoma Paravicino, Jose ́ , and Martha Cabrera Romero 2001 Poblados rurales Huari: Una vision desde Aqo Wayqo. CANO asociados SAC, Lima.
89. Owen, Bruce D.2007 The Wari Heartland on the Arequipa Coast: Huamanga Ceramics from Beringa, Majes Valley, Peru. Andean Past 8:287-373.
90. Reiss, Wilhelm, and Alphons Stiïbel 1998 [1880-1887] The Necropolis of Ancon in Peru. Translated byA. H. Keane. A. Ascher, New York.
91. Rowe, John H.1956 Archaeological Explorations in Southern Peru, 1954-55. American Antiquity 22(2):135-151.
92. Sanders, William T.1973 The Significance of Pikillacta in Andean Culture History. Occasional Papers in Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University 8:380-428.
93. Schaedel, Richard P.1951 Major Ceremonial and Population Centers in Northern Peru. In Civilizations of Ancient America: Selected Papers of the 29th International Congress of Americanists, edited by Sol Tax, pp. 232-243. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
94. 1966 Incipient Urbanization and Secularization in Tiahuanacoid Peru. American Antiquity 31(3, pt. i):338-334.
95. 1993 Congruence of Horizon with Polity: Huari and the Middle Horizon. In Latin American Horizons, edited by Don S. Rice, pp. 225-262. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C.
96. Schmidt, Max 1929 Kunst undKultur von Peru. Propylaen-Verlag, Berlin.
97. Schreiber, Katharina J.1987 Conquest and Consolidation: A Comparison of the Wari and Inka Occupations of a Highland Peruvian Valley. American Antiquity 52(2): 266-284.
98. 1991 Jincamocco: A Huari Administrative Center in the South Central Highlands of Peru. In Huari Administrative Structure: Prehistoric Monumental Architecture and State Government, edited by William H. Isbell and Gordon F. McEwan, pp. 199-213. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C.
99. 1992 Wari Imperialism in Middle Horizon Peru. Anthropological Papers of the Museum of Anthropology No. 87. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
100. 2001 The Wari Empire of Middle Horizon Peru: The Episte-mological Challenge of Documenting an Empire without Documentary Evidence. In Empires: Perspectives from Archaeology and History, edited by Susan Alcock, Terence N. D'Altroy, Kathleen D. Morrison, and Carla M. Sinopoli, pp. 70-92. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
101. 2005 Sacred Landscapes and Imperial Ideologies: The Wari Empire in Sondondo, Peru. In Foundations of Power in the Prehispanic Andes, edited by Kevin J. Vaughn, Dennis Ogburn, and Christina A. Conlee, pp. 131-150. Anthropological Papers of the American Anthropological Association 14. American Anthropological Association, Arlington, Virginia.
102. Sestieri, P. Claudio 1964 Excavations at Cajamarquilla, Peru. Archaeology I7(I):I2-I7.
103. 1971 Cajamarquilla Peru: The Necropolis of the Huaca Tello. Archaeology 24(2):I0I-I06.
104. Shady Solís, Ruth 1982 La cultura Nievería y la interacción social en el mundo andino en la época Huari. Arqueolo ́ gicas (Museo Nacional de Antropología y Arqueología, Lima) 19:5-108.
105. 1988 La época Huari como interacción de las sociedades regionales. Revista Andina 6(I):67-99.
106. 1989 Cambios significativos occurridos en al mundo andino. In The Nature of Wari: A Reappraisal of the Middle Horizon Period in Peru, edited by Richard M. Czwarno, Frank M. Meddens, and Alexandra Morgan, pp. 1-22. BAR International Series 525. British Archaeological Reports, Oxford.
107. Shimada, Izumi 1994 Pampa Grande and the Mochica Culture. University of TexasPress, Austin.
108. Stein, Gill J.2002 From Passive Periphery to Active Agents: Emerging Perspectives in the Archaeology of Interregional Interaction. American Anthropologist 104(3): 903-916.
109. Stumer, Louis M.1957 Development of Peruvian Coastal Tiahuanacoid Styles. American Antiquity 22:59-69.
110. Topic, John R.1982 Lower-Class Social and Economic Organization at Chan Chan. In Chan Chan: Andean Desert City, edited by Michael E. Moseley and Kent C. Day, pp. 145-175. School of American Research and University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.
111. 1986 A Sequence of Monumental Architecture from Huamachuco. In Perspectives on Andean Prehistory and Protohistory, edited by Daniel H. Sandweiss and Peter D. Kvietok, pp. 63-83. Latin American Studies Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, NewYork.
112. 1991 Huari and Huamachuco. In Huari Administrative Structure: Prehistoric Monumental Architecture and State Government, edited by William H. Isbell and Gordon F. McEwan, pp. 141- 164. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C.
113. 1992 Las huacas de Huamachuco: Precisiones en torno a una imagen de un paisage andino. In La persecucio ́ n del demonio: Cro ́ nica de los primeros Agustinos en el norte del Peru, edited by Luis Millones, John R. Topic, and José L. González, pp. 40-99. Algazara C. A. M. E. I., Málaga and Mexico City.
114. 1994 El izamiento del gallardete en Huamachuco. In En el nombre del Senor: Shamanes, demonios, y curanderos del norte del Peru ́ , edited by Luis Millones and Moisés Lemlij, pp. 102-127. Biblioteca Peruana de Psicoanálisis, Australis S.A., Lima.
115. Topic, John R., and Theresa L. Topic 1982 The Huamachuco Archaeological Project: Preliminary Report of the First Season, July-August 1981. Trent University Department of Anthropology, Peterborough, Ontario.
116. 1983 Coast-Highland Relations in Northern Peru: Some Observations on Routes, Networks, and Scales of Interaction. In Civilization in the Ancient Americas, edited by Richard M. Leventhal and Alan L. Kolata, pp. 237-260. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.
117. 1985 El Horizonte Medio en Huamachuco. Revista del Museo Nacional (Lima) 47:13-52.
118. 1987 The Archaeological Investigation of Andean Militarism: Some Cautionary Observations. In The Origins and Development of the Andean State, edited by Jonathan Haas, Sheila Pozorski, and Thomas Pozorski, pp. 47-55. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
119. 1992 The Rise and Decline of Cerro Amaru: An Andean Shrine during the Early Intermediate Period and Middle Horizon. In Ancient Images, Ancient Thought: The Archaeology of Ideology, edited by A. Sean Goldsmith, Sandra Garvie, Davidelin Smith, and Jeanette Smith, pp. 167-180. University of Calgary Archaeological Association, Calgary, Alberta.
120. 2001 Hacia la comprension del fenómeno Huari: Una perspective norten-a. In Huariy Tiwanaku: Modelos vs. evidencias. Primera parte, edited by Peter Kaulicke and William Isbell. Boletin de Arqueología PUCP No. 4. Fondo Editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima.
121. Topic, Theresa L.1991 The Middle Horizon in Northern Peru. In Huari Administrative Structure: Prehistoric Monumental Architecture and State Government, edited by William H. Isbell and Gordon F. McEwan, pp. 233-246. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C.
122. Topic, Theresa L., and John R. Topic 1984 Huamachuco Archaeological Project: Preliminary Report on the Third Season, June-August 1983. Trent University Occasional Papers in Anthropology No. 1. Peterborough, Ontario.
123. Torero, Alfredo A.1970 Lingiiistica e historia de la sociedad andina. Anales Cienti ́ ficosde la Universidad Agraria 8(3-4231-264.
124. 1974 El Quechua y la historia social andina. Universidad RicardoPalma, Lima.
125. 1984 El comercio lejano y la difusión del Quechua: El caso delEcuador. Revista Andina 2(2): 367-402.
126. Uhle, Max 1925 Appendix. Report on Explorations at Supe. In The Uhle Pottery Collections from Supe, edited by Alfred L. Kroeber, pp. 257-263. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology Vol. 21, No. 5. University of California, Berkeley.
127. 1991 [1903] Pachacamac: A Reprint of the 1903 Edition by Max Uhle, and Pachacamac Archaeology: Retrospect and Prospect: An Introduction by Izumi Shimada. University Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. 1991 [1903]