Direct detection of brominated flame retardants from plastic e-waste using liquid extraction surface analysis mass spectrometry

Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry

Volumn 28, Issue 11, 2014, Pages 1203-1208

  Paine, Martin R L ^a,c   Rae, Ian D ^b   Blanksby, Stephen J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WOLLONGONG   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

^c GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT; EXTRACTION; FLAME RETARDANTS; MASS SPECTROMETRY; ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; RECYCLING; SURFACE ANALYSIS; TOXIC MATERIALS; WASTES;

BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; DIRECT-DETECTION; ELECTRONICS WASTES; LARGE AMOUNTS; LIQUID EXTRACTION; MATERIAL LIMITS; NANOELECTROSPRAY; PLASTIC ELECTRONICS; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYLETHERS; TETRABROMOBISPHENOL-A;

ELECTRONIC WASTE;

EID: 84899464216     PISSN: 09514198     EISSN: 10970231     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6889     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. M. Alaee, P. Arias, A. Sjödin, A Bergman,. An overview of commercially used brominated flame retardants, their applications, their use patterns in different countries/regions and possible modes of release. Environ. Int. 2003, 29, 683.
2. M. A. E. Abdallah, S. Harrad, A. Covaci,. Hexabromocyclododecanes and tetrabromobisphenol-A in indoor air and dust in birmingham, UK: Implications for human exposure. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42, 6855.
3. J. Alexander, D. Benford, A. Boobis, S. Ceccatelli, B. Cottrill, J. P. Cravedi, A. Di Domenico, D. Doerge, E. Dogliotti, L. Edler, P. Farmer, M. Filipič, J. Fink-Gremmels, P. Fürst, T. Guerin, H. K. Knutsen, M. Machala, A. Mutti, M. Rose, J. Schlatter, R. Van Leeuwen,. Scientific opinion on tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA) and its derivatives in food. EFSA J. 2011, 9, 2477.
4. T. Geens, L. Goeyens, A. Covaci,. Are potential sources for human exposure to bisphenol-A overlooked? Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 2011, 214, 339.
5. H. Kuramochi, K. Kawamoto, K. Miyazaki, K. Nagahama, K. Maeda, X. W. Li, E. Shibata, T. Nakamura, S. I. Sakai,. Determination of physicochemical properties of tetrabromobisphenol-A. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2008, 27, 2413.
6. R. Saint-Louis, E. Pelletier,. LC-ESI-MS-MS method for the analysis of tetrabromobisphenol-A in sediment and sewage sludge. Analyst 2004, 129, 724.
7. J. Tollbäck, C. Crescenzi, E. Dyremark,. Determination of the flame retardant tetrabromobisphenol-A in air samples by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 2006, 1104, 106.
8. N. Ali, S. Harrad, E. Goosey, H. Neels, A. Covaci,. Novel brominated flame retardants in Belgian and UK indoor dust: Implications for human exposure. Chemosphere 2011, 83, 1360.
9. M. Abb, B. Stahl, W. Lorenz,. Analysis of brominated flame retardants in house dust. Chemosphere 2011, 85, 1657.
10. E. K. Kopp, H. Fromme, W. Volkel,. Analysis of common and emerging brominated flame retardants in house dust using ultrasonic assisted solvent extraction and on-line sample preparation via column switching with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 2012, 1241, 28.
11. K.-S. Kim, J.-G. Kim, S.-K. Shin, I.-R. Chung, K.-S. Kim, B.-J. Song, M.-J. Jeong,. Levels and congener profiles of PSDD/Fs in the environmental media in the vicinity of the waste incinerators, South Korea. Organohalogen Compounds 2006, 68, 2264.
12. H. M. R. Anselmo, L. Koerting, S. Devito, J. H. J. Van den Berg, M. Dubbeldam, C. Kwadijk, A. J. Murk,. Early life developmental effects of marine persistent organic pollutants on the sea urchin Psammechinus miliaris. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2011, 74, 2182.
13. B. V. Chang, S. Y. Yuan, Y. L. Ren,. Aerobic degradation of tetrabromobisphenol-A by microbes in river sediment. Chemosphere 2012, 87, 535.
14. H. B. Wu, H. Z. Zhao, C. Wen, Y. T. Guo, J. Guo, M. Y. Xu, X. Li,. A comparative study of bacterial community structures in the sediments from brominated flame retardants contaminated river and non-contaminated reservoir. Afr. J. Microbiol. Res. 2012, 6, 3248.
15. A. H. Feng, S. J. Chen, M. Y. Chen, M. J. He, X. J. Luo, B. X. Mai,. Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in riverine and estuarine sediments of the Pearl River Delta in southern China, with emphasis on spatial variability in diastereoisomer- and enantiomer-specific distribution of HBCD. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2012, 64, 919.
16. K. Oberg, K. Warman, T. Oberg,. Distribution and levels of brominated flame retardants in sewage sludge. Chemosphere 2002, 48, 805.
17. I. K. Hwang, H. H. Kang, I. S. Lee, J. E. Oh,. Assessment of characteristic distribution of PCDD/Fs and BFRs in sludge generated at municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants. Chemosphere 2012, 88, 888.
18. S. Pullen, R. Boecker, G. Tiegs,. The flame retardants tetrabromobisphenol A and tetrabromobisphenol A-bisallylether suppress the induction of interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain (CD25) in murine splenocytes. Toxicology 2003, 184, 11.
19. H. Hakk, G. Larsen, A Bergman, U. Örn,. Metabolism, excretion and distribution of the flame retardant tetrabromobisphenol-A in conventional and bile-duct cannulated rats. Xenobiotica 2000, 30, 881.
20. J.-B. Fini, A. Riu, L. Debrauwer, A. Hillenweck, S. Le Mével, S. Chevolleau, A. Boulahtouf, K. Palmier, P. Balaguer, J.-P. Cravedi, B. A. Demeneix, D. Zalko,. Parallel biotransformation of tetrabromobisphenol A in Xenopus laevis and mammals: Xenopus as a model for endocrine perturbation studies. Toxicol. Sci. 2012, 125, 359.
21. L. M. L. Toms, P. Guerra, E. Eljarrat, D. Barcelo, F. A. Harden, P. Hobson, A. Sjodin, E. Ryan, J. F. Mueller,. Brominated flame retardants in the Australian population: 1993-2009. Chemosphere 2012, 89, 398.
22. D. Wen-Wei, W. Ying,. Determination of hydroxylated polylrominated diphenyl ethers in human serum by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Chin. J. Anal. Chem. 2011, 39, 22.
23. M. A.-E. Abdallah, S. Harrad,. Tetrabromobisphenol-A, hexabromocyclododecane and its degradation products in UK human milk: Relationship to external exposure. Environ. Int. 2011, 37, 443.
24. Z.-X. Shi, Y.-N. Wu, J.-G. Li, Y.-F. Zhao, J.-F. Feng,. Dietary exposure assessment of Chinese adults and nursing infants to tetrabromobisphenol-A and hexabromocyclododecanes: Occurrence measurements in foods and human milk. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43, 4314.
25. R. Cariou, J.-P. Antignac, D. Zalko, A. Berrebi, J.-P. Cravedi, D. Maume, P. Marchand, F. Monteau, A. Riu, F. Andre, B. L. bizec. Exposure assessment of French women and their newborns to tetrabromobisphenol-A: Occurrence measurements in maternal adipose tissue, serum, breast milk and cord serum. Chemosphere 2008, 73, 1036.
26. I. A. T. M. Meerts, J. J. van Zanden, E. A. C. Luijks, I. van Leeuwen-Bol, G. Marsh, E. Jakobsson, A Bergman, A. Brouwer,. Potent competitive interactions of some brominated flame retardants and related compounds with human transthyretin in vitro. Toxicol. Sci. 2000, 56, 95.
27. T. Hurd, M. M. Whalen,. Tetrabromobisphenol A decreases cell-surface proteins involved in human natural killer (NK) cell-dependent target cell lysis. J. Immunotoxicol. 2011, 8, 219.
28. R. E. Dodson, L. J. Perovich, A. Covaci, N. Van den Eede, A. C. Ionas, A. C. Dirtu, J. G. Brody, R. A. Rudel,. After the PBDE phase-out: A broad suite of flame retardants in repeat house dust samples from California. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46, 13056
29. C. H. Marvin, G. T. Tomy, J. M. Armitage, J. A. Arnot, L. McCarty, A. Covaci, V. Palace,. Hexabromocyclododecane: Current understanding of chemistry, environmental fate and toxicology and implications for global management. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45, 8613.
30. P. H. Howard, D. C. G. Muir,. Identifying new persistent and bioaccumulative organics among chemicals in commerce. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44, 2277.
31. O. Tsydenova, M. Bengtsson,. Chemical hazards associated with treatment of waste electrical and electronic equipment. Waste Manage. 2011, 31, 45.
32. Product Stewardship (Televisions and Computers) Regulations. Australian Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, 2011.
33. M. Pöhlein, R. U. Bertran, M. Wolf, R. Van Eldik,. Versatile and fast gas chromatographic determination of frequently used brominated flame retardants in styrenic polymers. J. Chromatogr. A 2008, 1203, 217.
34. A. M. Altwaiq, M. Wolf, R. Van Eldik,. Extraction of brominated flame retardants from polymeric waste material using different solvents and supercritical carbon dioxide. Anal. Chim. Acta 2003, 491, 111.
35. A. Ranz, E. Maier, C. Trampitsch, E. Lankmayr,. Microwave-assisted extraction of decabromodiphenylether from polymers. Talanta 2008, 76, 102.
36. A. Hosaka, C. Watanabe, S. Tsuge,. Rapid determination of decabromodiphenyl ether in polystyrene by thermal desorption-GC/MS. Anal. Sci. 2005, 21, 1145.
37. F. Vilaplana, P. Karlsson, A. Ribes-Greus, P. Ivarsson, S. Karlsson,. Analysis of brominated flame retardants in styrenic polymers: Comparison of the extraction efficiency of ultrasonication, microwave-assisted extraction and pressurised liquid extraction. J. Chromatogr. A 2008, 1196/1197, 139.
38. A. C. Dirtu, K. Ravindra, L. Roosens, R. Van Grieken, H. Neels, R. Blust, A. Covaci,. Fast analysis of decabrominated diphenyl ether using low-pressure gas chromatography-electron-capture negative ionization mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 2008, 1186, 295.
39. M. Pöhlein, A. S. Llopis, M. Wolf, R. Van Eldik,. Rapid identification of RoHS-relevant flame retardants from polymer housings by ultrasonic extraction and RP-HPLC/UV. J. Chromatogr. A 2005, 1066, 111.
40. M. Schlummer, F. Brandl, A. Mäurer, R. Van Eldik,. Analysis of flame retardant additives in polymer fractions of waste of electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) by means of HPLC-UV/MS and GPC-HPLC-UV. J. Chromatogr. A 2005, 1064, 39.
41. A. S. Vázquez, J. M. Costa-Fernandez, J. R. Encinar, R. Pereiro, A. Sanz-Medel,. Bromine determination in polymers by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and its potential for fast first screening of brominated flame retardants in polymers and paintings. Anal. Chim. Acta 2008, 623, 140.
42. J. Samsonek, F. Puype, D. Vít,. Rapid determination of certain BFRs in plastics by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and thermal desorption GC-MS (TD-GC-MS) for the RoHS directive. Organohalogen Compounds 2007, 69, 2789.
43. M. R. L. Paine, P. J. Barker, S. A. Maclauglin, T. W. Mitchell, S. J. Blanksby,. Direct detection of additives and degradation products from polymers by liquid extraction surface analysis employing chip-based nanospray mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2012, 26, 412.
44. N. B. Cech, C. G. Enke,. Practical implications of some recent studies in electrospray ionization fundamentals. Mass Spectrom. Rev. 2001, 20, 362.
45. K. E. Singleton, R. G. Cooks, K. V. Wood,. Utilization of natural isotopic abundance ratios in tandem mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 1983, 55, 762.
46. M. R. L. Paine, P. J. Barker, S. J. Blanksby,. Characterising in situ activation and degradation of hindered amine light stabilisers using liquid extraction surface analysis-mass spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta 2014, 808, 190.