White ignorance and colonial oppression: Or, why i know so little about Puerto Rico

Race and Epistemologies of Ignorance

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 153-172

  Sullivan, Shannon ^a  

^a PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

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EID: 84899395210     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (26)

1. The "yard" metaphor is the geographical equivalent of calling African American men "boy": it inflates the importance of the United States while demeaning other American nations, promoting the America/Américas myth discussed later (Kenworthy 1995, 40-41).
2. On the preservation of Spanish as the principal language of Puerto Rico as a form of resistance to U.S. domination, see Cabán (1999, 132).
3. For other accounts of "impure" and "feminine" resistance to oppression that complement jaiba politics see, respectively, Lugones (2003), especially pages x and 13-14, and Nandy (1983), especially page 104.
4. The movement for independence lost its popular support in Puerto Rico in the 1950s, gaining only 4 percent of the vote in a 1993 referendum (Fernandez 1996, 261).
5. In the words of then President Woodrow Wilson as he inaugurated the U.S. citizen-child, "[W]e welcome the new citizen, not as a stranger but as one entering his father's house" (Fernandez 1996, 55).
6. Briggs, Laura. 2002. Reproducing Empire: Race, Sex, Science, and U.S. Imperialism in Puerto Rico. Berkeley: University of California Press.
7. Cabán, Pedro A. 1999. Constructing a Colonial People: Puerto Rico and the United States, 1898-1932. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
8. Carr, Raymond. 1984. Puerto Rico: A Colonial Experiment. New York: New York University Press.
9. Cushing, Lincoln. 1997. "Centennial of the Spanish-American War 1898-1998." Accessed July 23, 2006.
10. Davis, Dawn Rae. 2002. "(Love Is) The Ability of Not Knowing: Feminist Experience of the Impossible in Ethical Singularity." Hypatia 17:2: 145-61.
11. Dryer, Alexander Barnes. 2004. "Why Puerto Rico Has Its Own Team: How the Insular Territory Made It to Athens." Accessed August 17.
12. Duany, Jorge. 2002. The Puerto Rican Nation on the Move: Identities on the Island and in the United States. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press
13. Fanon, Franz. 1967. Black Skin, White Masks. Translated by Charles Lam Markmann. New York: Grove Press.
14. Fernandez, Ronald. 1996. The Disenchanted Island: Puerto Rico and the United States in the Twentieth Century. 2d ed. Westport, CT: Praeger.
15. Foucault, Michel. 1978. The History of Sexuality: Volume I. Translated by Robert Hurley. New York: Random House.
16. Frye, Marilyn. 1983. The Politics of Reality: Essays in Feminist Theory. Freedom, CA: Crossing Press.
17. Gonzalez, Juan. 2000. Harvest of Empire: A History of Latinos in America. New York: Penguin Books.
18. Grosfoguel, Ramón. 2003. Colonial Subjects: Puerto Ricans in a Global Perspective. Berkeley: University of California Press.
19. Grosfoguel, Ramón, Frances Negrón-Muntaner, and Chloe S. Georas. 1997. "Beyond Nationalist and Colonialist Discourses: The Jaiba Politics of the Puerto Rican Ethno-Nation." In Puerto Rico Jam: Rethinking Colonialism and Nationalism, ed. Ramón Grosfoguel and Frances Negrón-Muntaner, 1-36. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
20. Ignatiev, Noel. 1995. How the Irish Became White. New York: Routledge.
21. Kenworthy, Eldon. 1995. America/Américas: Myth in the Making of U.S. Policy toward Latin America. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.
22. Lugones, María. 2003. Pilgrimages/Peregrinajes: Theorizing Coalition against Multiple Oppressions. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
23. Nandy, Ashis. 1983. The Intimate Enemy: Loss and Recovery of Self under Colonialism. New York: Oxford University Press.
24. Navarro, José-Manuel. 2002. Creating Tropical Yankees: Social Science Textbooks and U.S. Ideological Control in Puerto Rico, 1898-1908. New York: Routledge.
25. Santiago-Valles, Kelvin A. 1994. "Subject Peoples" and Colonial Discourses: Economic Transformation and Social Disorder in Puerto Rico, 1898-1947. Albany: State University of New York Press.
26. Sellen, Jeff. 1999. "The Scramble for Africa." Accessed September 15, 2004.