메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 1-307

Internet child pornography and the law: National and international responses

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 84899388976     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book
Times cited : (60)

References (277)
  • 1
    • 53249132962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Constitutionality of Congressional Efforts to Ban Computer-Generated Child Pornography: A First Amendment Assessment of S. 1237
    • Adelman, R.W., 'The Constitutionality of Congressional Efforts to Ban Computer-Generated Child Pornography: A First Amendment Assessment of S. 1237' (1996), J. Marshall Journal of Computer and Information Law 14 483-90.
    • (1996) J. Marshall Journal of Computer and Information Law , vol.14 , pp. 483-490
    • Adelman, R.W.1
  • 3
    • 0042838107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Perverse Law of Child Pornography
    • Adler, A., 'The Perverse Law of Child Pornography' (2001), 101 Columbia. Law Review 209.
    • (2001) Columbia. Law Review , vol.101 , pp. 209
    • Adler, A.1
  • 4
    • 84899335520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Child Pornography Law and the Proliferation of the Sexualized Child
    • in R. Atkins and S. Mintcheva, New York: New Press
    • Adler, A., 'Child Pornography Law and the Proliferation of the Sexualized Child', in R. Atkins and S. Mintcheva, Censoring Culture: Contemporary Threats to Free Expression, New York: New Press, 2006, 228-42.
    • (2006) Censoring Culture: Contemporary Threats to Free Expression , pp. 228-242
    • Adler, A.1
  • 5
    • 14244273295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computer Pornography: A Comparative Study of the US and UK Obscenity Laws and Child Pornography Laws in Relation to the Internet
    • Akdeniz, Y., 'Computer Pornography: A Comparative Study of the US and UK Obscenity Laws and Child Pornography Laws in Relation to the Internet' (1996), International Review of Law, Computers and Technology 10(2), 235-61.
    • (1996) International Review of Law, Computers and Technology , vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp. 235-261
    • Akdeniz, Y.1
  • 6
    • 0010926725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Governance of Pornography and Child Pornography on the Global Internet: A Multi-Layered Approach
    • in L. Edwards and C. Waelde (eds), Oxford: Hart
    • Akdeniz, Y., 'Governance of Pornography and Child Pornography on the Global Internet: A Multi-Layered Approach', in L. Edwards and C. Waelde (eds), Law and the Internet: Regulating Cyberspace, Oxford: Hart, 1997, 223-41.
    • (1997) Law and The Internet: Regulating Cyberspace , pp. 223-241
    • Akdeniz, Y.1
  • 7
    • 0005215752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Regulation of Pornography and Child Pornography on the Internet
    • Akdeniz, Y., 'The Regulation of Pornography and Child Pornography on the Internet' (1997) (1), The Journal of Information, Law and Technology.
    • (1997) The Journal of Information, Law and Technology , Issue.1
    • Akdeniz, Y.1
  • 8
    • 26044442307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • To Link or Not to Link: Problems with World Wide Web Links on the Internet
    • Akdeniz, Y., 'To Link or Not to Link: Problems with World Wide Web Links on the Internet' (1997), International Review of Law, Computers and Technology 11(2), 281-98.
    • (1997) International Review of Law, Computers and Technology , vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp. 281-298
    • Akdeniz, Y.1
  • 9
    • 14244273509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The European Union and Illegal and Harmful Content on the Internet
    • March
    • Akdeniz, Y., 'The European Union and Illegal and Harmful Content on the Internet' (1998), Journal of Civil Liberties 3(1), March, 31-6.
    • (1998) Journal of Civil Liberties , vol.3 , Issue.1 , pp. 31-36
    • Akdeniz, Y.1
  • 10
    • 4644315583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case Analysis: Laurence Godfrey v. Demon Internet Limited
    • Akdeniz, Y., 'Case Analysis: Laurence Godfrey v. Demon Internet Limited' (1999), Journal of Civil Liberties, 4(2), 260-67.
    • (1999) Journal of Civil Liberties , vol.4 , Issue.2 , pp. 260-267
    • Akdeniz, Y.1
  • 11
    • 14244270586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Regulation of Internet Content in Europe: Governmental Control vs. Self-Responsibility
    • Akdeniz, Y., 'The Regulation of Internet Content in Europe: Governmental Control vs. Self-Responsibility' (1999), Swiss Political Science Review, 5(2), 123-31.
    • (1999) Swiss Political Science Review , vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp. 123-131
    • Akdeniz, Y.1
  • 13
    • 84899320410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anonymous Now
    • The Privacy Issue, June
    • Akdeniz, Y., 'Anonymous Now', Index on Censorship, The Privacy Issue (2000) (3), June, 57-62.
    • (2000) Index On Censorship , Issue.3 , pp. 57-62
    • Akdeniz, Y.1
  • 14
    • 0010072762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Child Pornography
    • in Y. Akdeniz, C. Walker and D. Wall (eds), Harlow: Addison Wesley Longman
    • Akdeniz, Y., 'Child Pornography', in Y. Akdeniz, C. Walker and D. Wall (eds), The Internet, Law and Society, Harlow: Addison Wesley Longman, 2000, 231-49.
    • (2000) The Internet, Law and Society , pp. 231-249
    • Akdeniz, Y.1
  • 15
    • 27344457490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Policing the Internet: Regulation and Censorship
    • in R. Gibson and S. Ward (eds), Aldershot: Ashgate
    • Akdeniz, Y., 'Policing the Internet: Regulation and Censorship', in R. Gibson and S. Ward (eds), Reinvigorating Democracy? British Politics and the Internet, Aldershot: Ashgate, 2000, 169-88.
    • (2000) Reinvigorating Democracy? British Politics and The Internet , pp. 169-188
    • Akdeniz, Y.1
  • 16
    • 75349085482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case Review: League Against Racism and Antisemitism (LICRA), French Union of Jewish Students, v. Yahoo! Inc. (USA), Yahoo France
    • Akdeniz, Y., Case Review: League Against Racism and Antisemitism (LICRA), French Union of Jewish Students, v. Yahoo! Inc. (USA), Yahoo France (2001), Electronic Business Law Reports, 1(3), 110-20.
    • (2001) Electronic Business Law Reports , vol.1 , Issue.3 , pp. 110-120
    • Akdeniz, Y.1
  • 17
    • 84899288946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Governing Pornography and Child Pornography on the Internet: The UK Approach
    • in Cyber-Rights, Protection, and Markets: A Symposium
    • Akdeniz, Y., 'Governing Pornography and Child Pornography on the Internet: The UK Approach', in Cyber-Rights, Protection, and Markets: A Symposium (2001) 32, University of West Los Angeles Law Review 247-75.
    • (2001) University of West Los Angeles Law Review , vol.32 , pp. 247-275
    • Akdeniz, Y.1
  • 18
    • 0036510276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anonymity, Democracy, and Cyberspace
    • Spring
    • Akdeniz, Y., 'Anonymity, Democracy, and Cyberspace', Social Research (2002) 69(1), Spring, 180-94.
    • (2002) Social Research , vol.69 , Issue.1 , pp. 180-194
    • Akdeniz, Y.1
  • 19
    • 84979841925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case Report: Court of Appeal Clarifies the Law on Downloading Child Pornography from the Web
    • Akdeniz, Y., Case Report: Court of Appeal Clarifies the Law on Downloading Child Pornography from the Web (2002), Computer Law and Security Report, 18(6), 433-5.
    • (2002) Computer Law and Security Report , vol.18 , Issue.6 , pp. 433-435
    • Akdeniz, Y.1
  • 20
    • 75349091635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • background report for the High Level Seminar on Racism and the Internet, Intergovernmental Working Group on the Effective Implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action, Fourth session, Geneva, 16-27 January 2006, E/CN.4/2006/WG.21/BP.1, published by the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNHCHR) Office: Geneva, January 2006, at, http://www.cyber-rights.org/reports/ya_un_paper_int_06.pdf
    • Akdeniz, Y., Stocktaking on Efforts to Combat Racism on the Internet, background report for the High Level Seminar on Racism and the Internet, Intergovernmental Working Group on the Effective Implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action, Fourth session, Geneva, 16-27 January 2006, E/CN.4/2006/WG.21/BP.1, published by the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNHCHR) Office: Geneva, January 2006, at and .
    • Stocktaking On Efforts to Combat Racism On the Internet
    • Akdeniz, Y.1
  • 22
    • 77955592370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Governing Racist Content on the Internet: National and International Responses
    • Canada, Spring
    • Akdeniz, Y., 'Governing Racist Content on the Internet: National and International Responses' (2007), University of New Brunswick Law Journal (Canada), 56, Spring, 103-61.
    • (2007) University of New Brunswick Law Journal , vol.56 , pp. 103-161
    • Akdeniz, Y.1
  • 23
    • 34147115086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possession and Dispossession: A Critical Assessment of Defences in Possession of Indecent Photographs of Children Cases
    • April
    • Akdeniz, Y., 'Possession and Dispossession: A Critical Assessment of Defences in Possession of Indecent Photographs of Children Cases' (2007), Criminal Law Review, April, 274-88.
    • (2007) Criminal Law Review , pp. 274-288
    • Akdeniz, Y.1
  • 25
    • 14244271147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexually Oriented Expression
    • in Y. Akdeniz, C. Walker and D. Wall (eds), Harlow: Addison Wesley Longman
    • Akdeniz, Y. and N. Strossen, 'Sexually Oriented Expression', in Y. Akdeniz, C. Walker and D. Wall (eds), The Internet, Law and Society, Harlow: Addison Wesley Longman, 2000, 207-31.
    • (2000) The Internet, Law and Society , pp. 207-231
    • Akdeniz, Y.1    Strossen, N.2
  • 26
    • 23044524837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (1): Bigbrother.gov.uk: State surveillance in the age of information and rights
    • February
    • Akdeniz, Y., N. Taylor and C. Walker, Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (1): Bigbrother.gov.uk: State surveillance in the age of information and rights (2001), Criminal Law Review, February, 73-90.
    • (2001) Criminal Law Review , pp. 73-90
    • Akdeniz, Y.1    Taylor, N.2    Walker, C.3
  • 27
    • 14244273890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defamation on the Internet
    • in Y. Akdeniz, C. Walker and D. Wall (eds), Harlow: Addison Wesley Longman
    • Akdeniz, Y. and W.R.H. Rogers, 'Defamation on the Internet', in Y. Akdeniz, C. Walker and D. Wall (eds), The Internet, Law and Society, Harlow: Addison Wesley Longman, 2000, 294-317.
    • (2000) The Internet, Law and Society , pp. 294-317
    • Akdeniz, Y.1    Rogers, W.R.H.2
  • 28
    • 0038772830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Policies and Developments Relating to the Sexual Exploitation of Children: The Legacy of the Stockholm Conference
    • Alexander, S., S. Meuwese and A. Wolthuis, 'Policies and Developments Relating to the Sexual Exploitation of Children: The Legacy of the Stockholm Conference' (2000), European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research (8), 479-501.
    • (2000) European Journal On Criminal Policy and Research , Issue.8 , pp. 479-501
    • Alexander, S.1    Meuwese, S.2    Wolthuis, A.3
  • 30
    • 0041311534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Policing Perversion: The Contemporary Governance of Paedophilia
    • Ashenden, S., 'Policing Perversion: The Contemporary Governance of Paedophilia' (2002), Cultural Values, 6(1-2), 197-222.
    • (2002) Cultural Values , vol.6 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 197-222
    • Ashenden, S.1
  • 32
    • 32444441400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sentencing
    • in M. Maguire, R. Morgan and R. Reiner (eds), Oxford University Press
    • Ashworth, A., 'Sentencing', in M. Maguire, R. Morgan and R. Reiner (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Criminology, Oxford University Press, 2002, 1076-112.
    • (2002) The Oxford Handbook of Criminology , pp. 1076-1112
    • Ashworth, A.1
  • 35
    • 84899393494 scopus 로고
    • Attorney General's Commission on Pornography: Final Report, Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, July
    • Attorney General's Commission on Pornography: Final Report, 2 vols., Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, July 1986.
    • (1986) , vol.2
  • 38
    • 84864918482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bavaria v. Felix Somm: The Pornography Conviction of the Former CompuServe Manager
    • Summer
    • Bender, G., 'Bavaria v. Felix Somm: The Pornography Conviction of the Former CompuServe Manager', International Journal of Communications Laws and Policy (1) (Summer 1998), at .
    • (1998) International Journal of Communications Laws and Policy , Issue.1
    • Bender, G.1
  • 39
    • 84855421468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Children in Pornography after Sharpe
    • Benedet, J., 'Children in Pornography after Sharpe' (2002), 43 C. de D. 327.
    • (2002) 43 C. De D , pp. 327
    • Benedet, J.1
  • 40
    • 84874344668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Better Regulation Task Force (UK), interim report on, October
    • Better Regulation Task Force (UK), interim report on Self-Regulation, October 1999.
    • (1999) Self-Regulation
  • 41
    • 4243466264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Better Regulation Task Force (UK), July
    • Better Regulation Task Force (UK), Alternatives to State Regulation, July 2000, .
    • (2000) Alternatives to State Regulation
  • 44
    • 84899217595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validity, Construction, and Application of 18 U.S.C.A. § 2252A(a), Proscribing Certain Activities Relating to Material Constituting or Containing Child Pornography
    • 2d
    • Buckman, D.F., 'Validity, Construction, and Application of 18 U.S.C.A. § 2252A(a), Proscribing Certain Activities Relating to Material Constituting or Containing Child Pornography', 2 A.L.R. Fed. 2d 533.
    • A.L.R. Fed , vol.2 , pp. 533
    • Buckman, D.F.1
  • 46
    • 33744998382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cabinet Office, Prime Minister's Strategy Unit, April
    • Cabinet Office, Prime Minister's Strategy Unit, Connecting the UK: the Digital Strategy, April 2005.
    • (2005) Connecting the UK: The Digital Strategy
  • 47
    • 84899267194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A flaw in the child porn witch-hunt
    • 26 June
    • Campbell, D., 'A flaw in the child porn witch-hunt', Sunday Times, 26 June 2005.
    • (2005) Sunday Times
    • Campbell, D.1
  • 48
    • 84881923800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Operation Ore Exposed
    • 1 July
    • Campbell, D., 'Operation Ore Exposed', PC Pro, 1 July, 2005.
    • (2005) PC Pro
    • Campbell, D.1
  • 49
    • 84899390237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex, Lies and the Missing Videotape
    • 1 April
    • Campbell, D., 'Sex, Lies and the Missing Videotape', PC Pro, 1 April 2007.
    • (2007) PC Pro
    • Campbell, D.1
  • 50
    • 84905516147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Operation Ore flawed by fraud
    • 19 April
    • Campbell, D., 'Operation Ore flawed by fraud', Guardian, 19 April 2007.
    • (2007) Guardian
    • Campbell, D.1
  • 53
    • 14944381730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commercial and Sexual Exploitation of Children and Young People in the UK-A Review
    • Chase, E. and J. Statham, 'Commercial and Sexual Exploitation of Children and Young People in the UK-A Review' (2005), Child Abuse Review, 14, 4-25.
    • (2005) Child Abuse Review , vol.14 , pp. 4-25
    • Chase, E.1    Statham, J.2
  • 55
    • 84899265240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • research paper presented at the Workshop on Privacy Enhancing Technologies, Dubrovnik, Croatia, 30 May 2005-1 June
    • Clayton, R., 'Failures in a Hybrid Content Blocking System', research paper presented at the Workshop on Privacy Enhancing Technologies, Dubrovnik, Croatia, 30 May 2005-1 June 2005, at .
    • (2005) Failures In a Hybrid Content Blocking System
    • Clayton, R.1
  • 57
    • 84895680265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conseil d'État Report (France) on, 8 September, An English version is also available from the same website (French Council of State Report: The Internet and Digital Networks)
    • Conseil d'État Report (France) on Internet et les réseaux numériques, 8 September 1998, at . An English version is also available from the same website (French Council of State Report: The Internet and Digital Networks).
    • (1998) Internet Et Les Réseaux Numériques
  • 58
    • 84899182156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Council of Europe, Additional Protocol concerning the Criminalisation of Acts of a Racist and Xenophobic Nature Committed Through Computer Systems
    • Council of Europe, Additional Protocol concerning the Criminalisation of Acts of a Racist and Xenophobic Nature Committed Through Computer Systems.
  • 59
    • 84899240549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Council of Europe, Convention on Cybercrime, ETS No: 185
    • Council of Europe, Convention on Cybercrime, ETS No: 185, at .
  • 60
    • 84899323097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Council of Europe, Committee of Experts on the protection of children against sexual exploitation and sexual abuse (PC-ES), Draft Convention on the protection of children against sexual exploitation and sexual abuse: Invitation to the Parliamentary Assembly to give an opinion, CM(2007)24, 14 February 2007, 989 Meeting, 14 March
    • Council of Europe, Committee of Experts on the protection of children against sexual exploitation and sexual abuse (PC-ES), Draft Convention on the protection of children against sexual exploitation and sexual abuse: Invitation to the Parliamentary Assembly to give an opinion, CM(2007)24, 14 February 2007, 989 Meeting, 14 March 2007.
    • (2007)
  • 61
    • 84899367847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Council of Europe, European Committee On Crime Problems (CDPC), Explanatory Memorandum to the Convention on Cybercrime, document prepared by the Secretariat and former experts of the PC-CY Committee, Strasbourg, 14 February 2001, EXPC-CY (2001) 1, adopted on 8 November
    • Council of Europe, European Committee On Crime Problems (CDPC), Explanatory Memorandum to the Convention on Cybercrime, document prepared by the Secretariat and former experts of the PC-CY Committee, Strasbourg, 14 February 2001, EXPC-CY (2001) 1, adopted on 8 November 2001.
    • (2001)
  • 62
    • 84899265657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Council of Europe, European Committee on Crime Problems, Explanatory Memorandum related to the Cybercrime Convention, CDPC (2001) 17, Strasbourg, 29 June
    • Council of Europe, European Committee on Crime Problems, Explanatory Memorandum related to the Cybercrime Convention, CDPC (2001) 17, Strasbourg, 29 June 2001, at .
    • (2001)
  • 63
    • 84899253112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Council of Europe, Explanatory Report of the Council of Europe Cybercrime Convention
    • Council of Europe, Explanatory Report of the Council of Europe Cybercrime Convention, 2001, at .
    • (2001)
  • 64
    • 84899287582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Council of Europe, Parliamentary Assembly, Report of debates of the Second Part of the 2001 Ordinary Session: Draft convention against cyber crime, Assembly Spring Session-23-27 April 2001, 24 April
    • Council of Europe, Parliamentary Assembly, Report of debates of the Second Part of the 2001 Ordinary Session: Draft convention against cyber crime, Assembly Spring Session-23-27 April 2001, 24 April 2001, at .
    • (2001)
  • 65
    • 84899263128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Council of Europe, Parliamentary Assembly Resolution 1307 (2002), Sexual exploitation of children: zero tolerance, text adopted by the Assembly on 27 September, 32nd Sitting
    • Council of Europe, Parliamentary Assembly Resolution 1307 (2002), Sexual exploitation of children: zero tolerance, text adopted by the Assembly on 27 September 2002 (32nd Sitting).
    • (2002)
  • 66
    • 84899359200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Council of Europe, Recommendation 1065 (1987) of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe on the traffic in children and other forms of child exploitation
    • Council of Europe, Recommendation 1065 (1987) of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe on the traffic in children and other forms of child exploitation.
  • 67
    • 84899167079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Council of Europe, Recommendation No. R (91) 11 concerning sexual exploitation, pornography and prostitution of, and trafficking in, children and young adults
    • Council of Europe, Recommendation No. R (91) 11 concerning sexual exploitation, pornography and prostitution of, and trafficking in, children and young adults.
  • 68
    • 84899392765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Council of Europe, Recommendation Rec(2001)8 on self-regulation concerning both illegal and harmful content
    • Council of Europe, Recommendation Rec(2001)8 on self-regulation concerning both illegal and harmful content.
  • 69
    • 84899201680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Council of Europe, Recommendation Rec(2001)16 on the protection of children against sexual exploitation
    • Council of Europe, Recommendation Rec(2001)16 on the protection of children against sexual exploitation.
  • 70
    • 84899319953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Council of Europe, Resolution No. 3 on sexual exploitation, pornography and prostitution of, and trafficking in, children and young adults of the 16th Conference of European Ministers of Justice (Lisbon, 1988)
    • Council of Europe, Resolution No. 3 on sexual exploitation, pornography and prostitution of, and trafficking in, children and young adults of the 16th Conference of European Ministers of Justice (Lisbon, 1988).
  • 71
    • 84994153680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Media, Government and Moral Panic: The Politics of Paedophilia in Britain 2000-1
    • Critcher, C., 'Media, Government and Moral Panic: The Politics of Paedophilia in Britain 2000-1' (2002), Journalism Studies, 3(4), 521-35.
    • (2002) Journalism Studies , vol.3 , Issue.4 , pp. 521-535
    • Critcher, C.1
  • 72
    • 84899379214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Secretary to Committee PC-CY, Council of Europe), Contribution to the Conference on combating child pornography on the Internet, Vienna, 29 September-1 October 1999, through
    • Csonka, P. (Secretary to Committee PC-CY, Council of Europe), Contribution to the Conference on combating child pornography on the Internet, Vienna, 29 September-1 October 1999, through .
    • Csonka, P.1
  • 73
    • 84899231460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Culture, Media and Sport Committee (HC, UK), HC 161-I, 15 March
    • Culture, Media and Sport Committee (HC, UK), Second Report on the Communications White Paper, Volume I HC 161-I, 15 March 2001.
    • (2001) Second Report On the Communications White Paper , vol.1
  • 76
    • 84882089237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dardenne. S., London: Virago
    • Dardenne. S., I Choose to Live, London: Virago, 1996.
    • (1996) I Choose to Live
  • 82
    • 84899171679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noah v. AOL Time Warner: Are There Legitimate Barriers to Civil Rights Protection on the Internet?
    • Dowling, J., 'Noah v. AOL Time Warner: Are There Legitimate Barriers to Civil Rights Protection on the Internet?' (2004), 14 Alb. L.J. Sci. and Tech. 775.
    • (2004) Alb. L.J. Sci. and Tech , vol.14 , pp. 775
    • Dowling, J.1
  • 83
    • 84937328147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scapegoat in Risk Society: The Case of Pedophile/Child Pornographer Robin Sharpe
    • Doyle, K. and D. Lacombe, 'Scapegoat in Risk Society: The Case of Pedophile/Child Pornographer Robin Sharpe' (2000), 20 Studies in Law, Politics and Society 183.
    • (2000) Studies In Law, Politics and Society , vol.20 , pp. 183
    • Doyle, K.1    Lacombe, D.2
  • 85
    • 84899281407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulating What's Not Real: Federal Regulation in the Aftermath of Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition
    • Spring
    • Dugan, K., 'Regulating What's Not Real: Federal Regulation in the Aftermath of Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition' (2004), 48 Saint Louis University Law Journal 1063 (Spring).
    • (2004) Saint Louis University Law Journal , vol.48 , pp. 1063
    • Dugan, K.1
  • 87
    • 84859001755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Note and Comment: Sound and Fury Signifying Nothing?: Jurgen Bussow's Battle against Hate-speech on the Internet
    • Eberwine, E.T., 'Note and Comment: Sound and Fury Signifying Nothing?: Jurgen Bussow's Battle against Hate-speech on the Internet' (2004), 49 New York Law School Law Review 353.
    • (2004) New York Law School Law Review , vol.49 , pp. 353
    • Eberwine, E.T.1
  • 88
    • 85024047386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prosecuting "child pornography": Possession and Taking of Indecent Photographs
    • Edwards, S.M., 'Prosecuting "child pornography": Possession and Taking of Indecent Photographs' (2000), Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law 22(1), 1-21.
    • (2000) Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law , vol.22 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-21
    • Edwards, S.M.1
  • 89
    • 84899362263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EU, Common Position on the CoE Convention, 27 May 1999, OJ L 142, 05/06/1999
    • EU, Common Position on the CoE Convention, 27 May 1999. (OJ L 142, 05/06/1999 pp. 1-2.)
  • 90
    • 84899284484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EU, Council Decision of 29 May 2000 to combat child pornography on the Internet (2000/375/JHA), OJ L 138, 09/06/2000
    • EU, Council Decision of 29 May 2000 to combat child pornography on the Internet (2000/375/JHA), OJ L 138, 09/06/2000 p. 1.
  • 91
    • 84899231729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EU, Council Framework Decision 2004/68/JHA of 22 December 2003 on combating the sexual exploitation of children and child pornography (see OJ L 013 20 January 2004
    • EU, Council Framework Decision 2004/68/JHA of 22 December 2003 on combating the sexual exploitation of children and child pornography (see OJ L 013 20 January 2004, pp. 44-8.
  • 92
    • 84899172958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EU, Council Recommendation of 24 September 1998 on the development of the competitiveness of the European audiovisual and information services industry by promoting national frameworks aimed at achieving a comparable and effective level of protection of minors and human dignity as published in the OJ L 270 of 7 October 1998, (98/560/EC)
    • EU, Council Recommendation of 24 September 1998 on the development of the competitiveness of the European audiovisual and information services industry by promoting national frameworks aimed at achieving a comparable and effective level of protection of minors and human dignity as published in the OJ L 270 of 7 October 1998, p. 48 (98/560/EC).
  • 93
    • 84899380448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EU, Decision No/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of adopting a Multiannual Community Action Plan on promoting safer use of the Internet by combating illegal and harmful content on global networks, December
    • EU, Decision No/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of adopting a Multiannual Community Action Plan on promoting safer use of the Internet by combating illegal and harmful content on global networks, December 1998.
    • (1998)
  • 94
    • 84899179329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EU, Decision No 276/1999/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 January 1999 adopting a Multiannual Community Action Plan on promoting safer use of the Internet by combating illegal and harmful content on global networks, OJ L 33, 6 February
    • EU, Decision No 276/1999/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 January 1999 adopting a Multiannual Community Action Plan on promoting safer use of the Internet by combating illegal and harmful content on global networks, OJ L 33, 6 February 1999.
    • (1999)
  • 95
    • 84899176300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EU, Decision No 1151/2003/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 June 2003, amending Decision No 276/1999/EC adopting a Multiannual Community Action Plan on promoting safer use of the Internet by combating illegal and harmful content on global networks
    • EU, Decision No 1151/2003/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 June 2003, amending Decision No 276/1999/EC adopting a Multiannual Community Action Plan on promoting safer use of the Internet by combating illegal and harmful content on global networks.
  • 96
    • 84899352435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EU, Decision No 854/2005/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a Multiannual Community Programme on promoting safer use of the Internet and new online technologies, PE-CONS 3688/1/04 REV1, Strasbourg, 11 May
    • EU, Decision No 854/2005/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a Multiannual Community Programme on promoting safer use of the Internet and new online technologies, PE-CONS 3688/1/04 REV1, Strasbourg, 11 May 2005.
    • (2005)
  • 97
    • 84899371513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EU, Directive 2000/31/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 June 2000 on certain legal aspects of information society services, in particular electronic commerce, in the Internal Market ('Directive on electronic commerce') vol. 43, OJ L 178 17 July
    • EU, Directive 2000/31/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 June 2000 on certain legal aspects of information society services, in particular electronic commerce, in the Internal Market ('Directive on electronic commerce') vol. 43, OJ L 178 17 July 2000 p. 1.
    • (2000) , pp. 1
  • 98
    • 24944574585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EU, Directive 2002/58/concerning the processing of personal data and the protection of privacy in the electronic communications sector (Directive on privacy and electronic communications) of 12 July 2002, 31 July, L 201
    • EU, Directive 2002/58/concerning the processing of personal data and the protection of privacy in the electronic communications sector (Directive on privacy and electronic communications) of 12 July 2002, Official Journal of the European Communities, 31 July 2002, L 201 pp. 37-47.
    • (2002) Official Journal of the European Communities , pp. 37-47
  • 99
    • 84899208813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EU, Directive 2006/24/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 March 2006 on the retention of data generated or processed in connection with the provision of publicly available electronic communications services or of public communications networks and amending Directive 2002/58/EC, L 105 13 April
    • EU, Directive 2006/24/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 March 2006 on the retention of data generated or processed in connection with the provision of publicly available electronic communications services or of public communications networks and amending Directive 2002/58/EC, L 105 13 April 2006, pp. 54-63.
    • (2006) , pp. 54-63
  • 101
    • 84899331261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proposal for a Council Framework Decision on combating the sexual exploitation of children and child pornography
    • EU, Opinion of the Committee of the Regions on the, C, 14 December
    • EU, Opinion of the Committee of the Regions on the 'Proposal for a Council Framework Decision on combating the sexual exploitation of children and child pornography', Official Journal of the European Communities, C 357/41-43, 14 December 2001.
    • (2001) Official Journal of the European Communities , vol.357 , Issue.41-43
  • 102
    • 84899291044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EU, Opinion of the Economic and Social Committee on 'eEurope 2002 An information society for all Draft Action Plan', OJ C 123, 25 April 2001, 25 April
    • EU, Opinion of the Economic and Social Committee on 'eEurope 2002 An information society for all Draft Action Plan', OJ C 123, 25 April 2001 pp. 36-46, 25 April 2001.
    • (2001) , pp. 36-46
  • 103
    • 84899253609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EU, Opinion of the Economic and Social Committee on 'A programme for child protection on the Internet' (2002/C 48/06), C, 21 February
    • EU, Opinion of the Economic and Social Committee on 'A programme for child protection on the Internet' (2002/C 48/06), C 48/27-32 Official Journal of the European Communities, 21 February 2002.
    • (2002) Official Journal of the European Communities , vol.48 , Issue.27-32
  • 104
    • 84899398536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EU, Opinion of the Economic and Social Committee on the 'Proposal for a Council Recommendation concerning the protection of minors and human dignity in audiovisual and information services' (98/C 214/07), 10 July, 1998, EN C, C 214/25
    • EU, Opinion of the Economic and Social Committee on the 'Proposal for a Council Recommendation concerning the protection of minors and human dignity in audiovisual and information services' (98/C 214/07), 10 July, 1998, EN C 214/25 Official Journal of the European Communities, C 214/25.
    • Official Journal of the European Communities , vol.214 , Issue.25
  • 105
    • 84899381620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EU, Report (Rapporteur: Timothy Kirkhope) of the Committee on Citizens' Freedoms and Rights, Justice and Home Affairs on the initiative of the Republic of Austria with a view to adopting a Council Decision to combat child pornography on the Internet (10317/1999-C5-0318/1999-1999/0822(CNS)), A5-0090/2000, 28 March
    • EU, Report (Rapporteur: Timothy Kirkhope) of the Committee on Citizens' Freedoms and Rights, Justice and Home Affairs on the initiative of the Republic of Austria with a view to adopting a Council Decision to combat child pornography on the Internet (10317/1999-C5-0318/1999-1999/0822(CNS)), A5-0090/2000, 28 March 2000.
    • (2000)
  • 106
    • 84899329340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Commission, Amended proposal for a European Parliament and Council Directive on certain legal aspects of electronic commerce in the Internal Market (presented by the Commission pursuant to Article 250 (2) of the EC-Treaty), COM(1999)427 final, 98/0325 (COD)
    • European Commission, Amended proposal for a European Parliament and Council Directive on certain legal aspects of electronic commerce in the Internal Market (presented by the Commission pursuant to Article 250 (2) of the EC-Treaty), COM(1999)427 final, 98/0325 (COD).
  • 107
    • 84899268954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Commission, Communication to the Council and European Parliament, prepared by the European Commission for the European Council in Nice, 7-8 December, COM/2000/0783 final
    • European Commission, Communication to the Council and European Parliament, eEurope 2002 update prepared by the European Commission for the European Council in Nice, 7-8 December 2000, COM/2000/0783 final.
    • (2000) EEurope 2002 Update
  • 108
    • 84899366769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Commission, Communication to the Council and the European Parliament COM(2000) 854 final 2, Brussels, 22 January
    • European Commission, Communication to the Council and the European Parliament COM(2000) 854 final 2, Brussels, 22 January, 2001.
    • (2001)
  • 109
    • 84899283675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Commission, Communication to the Council and the European Parliament on combating trafficking in human beings and combating the sexual exploitation of children and child pornography, COM(2000)854 final/2, Brussels, 22 January
    • European Commission, Communication to the Council and the European Parliament on combating trafficking in human beings and combating the sexual exploitation of children and child pornography, COM(2000)854 final/2, Brussels, 22 January 2001.
    • (2001)
  • 110
    • 84899399081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Commission, Communication to the Council and the European Parliament on Creating a Safer Information Society by Improving the Security of Information Infrastructures and Combating Computer-related Crime, COM(2000) 890 final, Brussels, 26 January
    • European Commission, Communication to the Council and the European Parliament on Creating a Safer Information Society by Improving the Security of Information Infrastructures and Combating Computer-related Crime, COM(2000) 890 final, Brussels, 26 January 2001.
    • (2001)
  • 111
    • 84899308031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Commission, Communication to the Council, the European Parliament, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on Creating a Safer Information Society by Improving the Security of Information Infrastructures and Combating Computer-related Crime, COM(2000) 890 final, Brussels, 26 January
    • European Commission, Communication to the Council, the European Parliament, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on Creating a Safer Information Society by Improving the Security of Information Infrastructures and Combating Computer-related Crime, COM(2000) 890 final, Brussels, 26 January 2001.
    • (2001)
  • 113
    • 84899384204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Commission, Communication to the European Parliament, The Council, The Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: Illegal and Harmful Content on the Internet, Com, Brussels, 16 October
    • European Commission, Communication to the European Parliament, The Council, The Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: Illegal and Harmful Content on the Internet, Com (96) 487, Brussels, 16 October 1996.
    • (1996) , Issue.96 , pp. 487
  • 114
    • 84899337444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Commission, Communication to the European Parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions Action Plan on promoting safe use of the Internet, November
    • European Commission, Communication to the European Parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions Action Plan on promoting safe use of the Internet, November 1997.
    • (1997)
  • 116
    • 84899183916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Commission, Communication, Follow-up to the Multiannual Community action plan on promoting safer use of the Internet by combating illegal and harmful content on global networks: Proposal for a decision of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Decision No 276/1999/EC adopting a Multiannual Community Action Plan on promoting safer use of the Internet by combating illegal and harmful content on global networks, COM 2002 152, Brussels, 22 March, INFSO/D/5
    • European Commission, Communication, Follow-up to the Multiannual Community action plan on promoting safer use of the Internet by combating illegal and harmful content on global networks: Proposal for a decision of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Decision No 276/1999/EC adopting a Multiannual Community Action Plan on promoting safer use of the Internet by combating illegal and harmful content on global networks, COM 2002 152, Brussels, 22 March 2002, INFSO/D/5.
    • (2002)
  • 117
    • 84899313078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Commission, Communication on International Charter: The need for strengthened international co-ordination-Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions (COM (98) 50, Brussels-Luxembourg)
    • European Commission, Communication on International Charter: The need for strengthened international co-ordination-Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions (COM (98) 50, Brussels-Luxembourg).
  • 118
    • 0003743625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Commission, Progress report for the Special European Council on Employment, Economic reforms and social cohesion towards a Europe based on innovation and knowledge, Lisbon, 23 and 24 March 2000, COM/2000/0130 final, 8 March
    • European Commission, eEurope-An Information Society for all - Progress report for the Special European Council on Employment, Economic reforms and social cohesion towards a Europe based on innovation and knowledge, Lisbon, 23 and 24 March 2000, COM/2000/0130 final, 8 March 2000.
    • (2000) EEurope-An Information Society For All
  • 119
    • 0002737465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Commission, prepared by the European Commission for the European Council in Feira-19-20 June, COM/2000/0330 final
    • European Commission, eEurope 2002-An Information society for all-Draft Action Plan prepared by the European Commission for the European Council in Feira-19-20 June 2000, COM/2000/0330 final.
    • (2000) EEurope 2002-An Information Society For All-Draft Action Plan
  • 120
    • 84899320282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Commission, Evaluation Report from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament on the application of Council Recommendation of 24 September 1998 concerning the protection of minors and human dignity, COM(2001) 106 final, Brussels, 27 February
    • European Commission, Evaluation Report from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament on the application of Council Recommendation of 24 September 1998 concerning the protection of minors and human dignity, COM(2001) 106 final, Brussels, 27 February 2001.
    • (2001)
  • 121
    • 84899346626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Commission, Evaluation Report on the application of the recommendation concerning the protection of minors and human dignity (2001/C 213/03), 2001 OJ C 213, 31 July
    • European Commission, Evaluation Report on the application of the recommendation concerning the protection of minors and human dignity (2001/C 213/03), 2001 OJ C 213, 31 July 2001.
    • (2001)
  • 123
    • 84899303744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Commission, 'Proposal for a European Parliament and Council Directive on certain legal aspects of electronic commerce in the internal market', COM(1998) 586 final, 98/0325 (COD), Brussels, 18 November 998
    • European Commission, 'Proposal for a European Parliament and Council Directive on certain legal aspects of electronic commerce in the internal market', COM(1998) 586 final, 98/0325 (COD), Brussels, 18 November 998.
  • 124
    • 84899183738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Commission, Report to the European Parliament, the Council and the European Economic and Social Committee, COM(2003) 702 final, Brussels, 21.11.2003
    • European Commission, Report to the European Parliament, the Council and the European Economic and Social Committee, First report on the application of Directive 2000/31/EC on electronic commerce, COM(2003) 702 final, Brussels, 21.11.2003, at .
    • First Report On the Application of Directive 2000/31/EC On Electronic Commerce
  • 125
    • 84899400103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Commission, The second evaluation report to the Council and the European Parliament on the application of Council Recommendation of 24 September 1998 concerning the protection of minors and human dignity, COM(2003)776 final, adopted on 12 December
    • European Commission, The second evaluation report to the Council and the European Parliament on the application of Council Recommendation of 24 September 1998 concerning the protection of minors and human dignity, COM(2003)776 final, adopted on 12 December 2003, at .
    • (2003)
  • 126
    • 84899283177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Commission, Staff Working paper, Ex Ante Evaluation: Safer Internet Plus, SEC(2004) 148, 12 March
    • European Commission, Staff Working paper, Ex Ante Evaluation: Safer Internet Plus, SEC(2004) 148, 12 March 2004, at .
    • (2004)
  • 128
    • 84899173025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Parliament, legislative resolution on the proposal for a Council Framework Decision on combating the sexual exploitation of children and child pornography (COM(2000) 854-C5-0043/2001-2001/0025(CNS)), 2002/C 53 E/108-113, 28 February
    • European Parliament, legislative resolution on the proposal for a Council Framework Decision on combating the sexual exploitation of children and child pornography (COM(2000) 854-C5-0043/2001-2001/0025(CNS)), 2002/C 53 E/108-113, vol. 45, 28 February 2002.
    • (2002) , vol.45
  • 129
    • 0003975349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Commission, Recommendation on the Strategy for Creating a Safer Information Society by Improving the Security of Information Infrastructures and Combating Computer-related Crime (2001/2070(COS)), C 72 E/323-329, 21 March
    • European Commission, Recommendation on the Strategy for Creating a Safer Information Society by Improving the Security of Information Infrastructures and Combating Computer-related Crime (2001/2070(COS)), C 72 E/323-329, Official Journal of the European Communities, 21 March 2002.
    • (2002) Official Journal of the European Communities
  • 130
    • 84899406250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Commission, report on Sexual exploitation of Children (A5-0206/2001)
    • European Commission, report on Sexual exploitation of Children (A5-0206/2001).
  • 131
    • 84899229135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Commission, Resolution of 24 October 1997 on the Commission Green Paper on the protection of minors and human dignity in audiovisual and information services (COM(96) 483)
    • European Commission, Resolution of 24 October 1997 on the Commission Green Paper on the protection of minors and human dignity in audiovisual and information services (COM(96) 483).
  • 132
    • 84899303833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Commission, Resolution on the Commission communication on illegal and harmful content on the Internet, 24 April
    • European Commission, Resolution on the Commission communication on illegal and harmful content on the Internet, 24 April 1997.
    • (1997)
  • 133
    • 84899219085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Commission, Strategy for Creating a Safer Information Society (A5-0284/2001), text adopted on 6 September
    • European Commission, Strategy for Creating a Safer Information Society (A5-0284/2001), text adopted on 6 September, 2001.
    • (2001)
  • 134
    • 84899288159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Parliament and Council, An amended proposal for a Recommendation on the Protection of Minors and Human Dignity and the Right of Reply in relation to the Competitiveness of the European Audiovisual and Information Services Industry on 20 January 2006, COM(2006)31final
    • European Parliament and Council, An amended proposal for a Recommendation on the Protection of Minors and Human Dignity and the Right of Reply in relation to the Competitiveness of the European Audiovisual and Information Services Industry on 20 January 2006, COM(2006)31final.
  • 135
    • 84899352606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Parliament and Council, Recommendation on the protection of minors and human dignity and on the right of reply in relation to the competitiveness of the European audiovisual and online information services industry, 2004/0117 (COD), LEX 775, PE-CONS 3683/06, Brussels, 20 December
    • European Parliament and Council, Recommendation on the protection of minors and human dignity and on the right of reply in relation to the competitiveness of the European audiovisual and online information services industry, 2004/0117 (COD), LEX 775, PE-CONS 3683/06, Brussels, 20 December 2006.
    • (2006)
  • 136
    • 84899247137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Close Enough for Government Work: An Examination of Congressional Efforts to Reduce the Government's Burden of Proof in Child Pornography Cases
    • Feldmeier, J.P., 'Close Enough for Government Work: An Examination of Congressional Efforts to Reduce the Government's Burden of Proof in Child Pornography Cases' (2003), 30 Northern Kentucky Law Review 205, 220-23.
    • (2003) Northern Kentucky Law Review , vol.30 , Issue.205 , pp. 220-223
    • Feldmeier, J.P.1
  • 137
    • 84937378445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulating Internet Content through Intermediaries in Europe and the USA
    • Max Planck Institute
    • Frydman, B. and I. Rorive, 'Regulating Internet Content through Intermediaries in Europe and the USA' (2002), Zeitschrift für Rechtssoziologie 23(1), S. 41-59, Max Planck Institute, at .
    • (2002) Zeitschrift Für Rechtssoziologie , vol.23 , Issue.1 , pp. 41-59
    • Frydman, B.1    Rorive, I.2
  • 142
    • 0037326728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sentences for Offences Involving Child Pornography
    • February
    • Gillespie, A., 'Sentences for Offences Involving Child Pornography' (2003), Criminal Law Review (February), 81-92.
    • (2003) Criminal Law Review , pp. 81-92
    • Gillespie, A.1
  • 143
    • 2442612055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Sexual Offences Act 2003: (3) Tinkering with "Child Pornography"
    • May
    • Gillespie, A., 'The Sexual Offences Act 2003: (3) Tinkering with "Child Pornography"' (2004), Criminal Law Review (May), 361-8.
    • (2004) Criminal Law Review , pp. 361-368
    • Gillespie, A.1
  • 144
    • 65949088434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Child Pornography: Balancing Substantive and Evidential Law to Safeguard Children Effectively from Abuse
    • Gillespie, A., 'Child Pornography: Balancing Substantive and Evidential Law to Safeguard Children Effectively from Abuse' (2005), International Journal of Evidence and Proof 9(1), 29-50.
    • (2005) International Journal of Evidence and Proof , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 29-50
    • Gillespie, A.1
  • 145
    • 84855449665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inverting Image and Reality: R. v. Sharpe and the Moral Panic Around Child Pornography
    • Gotell, L., 'Inverting Image and Reality: R. v. Sharpe and the Moral Panic Around Child Pornography' (2001/2002), 12 Const. Forum Const. 9.
    • (2001) Const. Forum Const , vol.12 , pp. 9
    • Gotell, L.1
  • 146
    • 79953171312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 17-Year-Old Child an Absurdity of the Late 20th Century
    • Graupner, H., 'The 17-Year-Old Child an Absurdity of the Late 20th Century' (2006), Journal of Psychology and Human Sexuality, 16(2-3), 7-24.
    • (2006) Journal of Psychology and Human Sexuality , vol.16 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 7-24
    • Graupner, H.1
  • 147
    • 84899365791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • paper presented at the World Congress against Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children, Sweden: ECPAT
    • Healy, M.A., 'Child Pornography: An International Perspective', paper presented at the World Congress against Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children, Sweden: ECPAT, 1996, at .
    • (1996) Child Pornography: An International Perspective
    • Healy, M.A.1
  • 148
    • 0029509410 scopus 로고
    • Globalization and the Future of the Nation State
    • Hirst, P. and G. Thompson, 'Globalization and the Future of the Nation State' (1995), Economy and Society 24(3), 408-42.
    • (1995) Economy and Society , vol.24 , Issue.3 , pp. 408-442
    • Hirst, P.1    Thompson, G.2
  • 149
    • 52649130963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 14 to 18 Year Olds as "Children" by Law: Reflections on Developments in National and European Law
    • Hofmeister, L., '14 to 18 Year Olds as "Children" by Law: Reflections on Developments in National and European Law' (2006), Journal of Psychology and Human Sexuality, 16(2-3), 63-70.
    • (2006) Journal of Psychology and Human Sexuality , vol.16 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 63-70
    • Hofmeister, L.1
  • 150
    • 40049087896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying Children Who are Victims of Child Abuse Images: An Analysis of Successful Identifications
    • in E. Quayle and M. Taylor (eds), Lyme Regis: Russell House Publishing
    • Holland, G., 'Identifying Children Who are Victims of Child Abuse Images: An Analysis of Successful Identifications', in E. Quayle and M. Taylor (eds), Viewing Child Pornography on the Internet: Understanding the Offence, Managing the Offender, Helping the Victims, Lyme Regis: Russell House Publishing, 2005, 75-91.
    • (2005) Viewing Child Pornography On the Internet: Understanding the Offence, Managing the Offender, Helping the Victims , pp. 75-91
    • Holland, G.1
  • 155
    • 84899178964 scopus 로고
    • House of Commons (England and Wales), Home Affairs Committee, First Report on Computer Pornography, London: HMSO
    • House of Commons (England and Wales), Home Affairs Committee, First Report on Computer Pornography, London: HMSO, 1994.
    • (1994)
  • 156
    • 84899213847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • House of Commons Canada, Standing Committee on Justice and Legal Affairs, 'Report on Pornography', No. 18-3 (22 March 1978) at 18:8 (Chairman: M. MacGuigan)
    • House of Commons Canada, Standing Committee on Justice and Legal Affairs, 'Report on Pornography', No. 18-3 (22 March 1978) at 18:8 (Chairman: M. MacGuigan).
  • 157
    • 84899167886 scopus 로고
    • House of Lords (England and Wales), Select Committee on Science and Technology, HL 77, HMSO
    • House of Lords (England and Wales), Select Committee on Science and Technology, Information Society, HL 77, HMSO, 1995-96.
    • (1995) Information Society
  • 159
    • 84899223695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Silencing The Net: The Threat to Freedom of Expression On-line
    • Human Rights Watch, Special Release available at
    • Human Rights Watch 'Silencing The Net: The Threat to Freedom of Expression On-line' (1996), Monitors: A Journal of Human Rights and Technology 1, Special Release available at .
    • (1996) Monitors: A Journal of Human Rights and Technology , vol.1
  • 160
    • 0007184299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Institute for Jewish Policy Research and American Jewish Committee
    • Institute for Jewish Policy Research and American Jewish Committee, Antisemitism World Report 1997.
    • Antisemitism World Report 1997
  • 161
    • 79952085957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Centre for Missing and Exploited Children research report
    • International Centre for Missing and Exploited Children research report, Child Pornography: Model Legislation and Global Review, 2006, at .
    • (2006) Child Pornography: Model Legislation and Global Review
  • 163
    • 84899297311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Internet Watch Foundation, Annual Report 2004, January
    • Internet Watch Foundation, Annual Report 2004, January 2005, at .
    • (2005)
  • 164
    • 84899181016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Internet Watch Foundation, Annual Report 2005
    • Internet Watch Foundation, Annual Report 2005, at .
  • 165
    • 84899196858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Internet Watch Foundation, Annual Report 2006
    • Internet Watch Foundation, Annual Report 2006, at .
  • 166
    • 14244273326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Irish Department of Justice, Equality and Law Reform, Pn.5231, Dublin
    • Irish Department of Justice, Equality and Law Reform, Illegal and Harmful Use of the Internet (Pn.5231, Dublin, 1998).
    • (1998) Illegal and Harmful Use of the Internet
  • 170
    • 84899206299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Target the technical experts to suppress the child porn trade
    • January
    • Jenkins, P., 'Target the technical experts to suppress the child porn trade', Guardian, 23 January 2003.
    • (2003) Guardian , pp. 23
    • Jenkins, P.1
  • 173
    • 50849094735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Virtual Child Porn: The Law and the Semiotics of the Image
    • Kleinhans, C., 'Virtual Child Porn: The Law and the Semiotics of the Image' (2004), Journal of Visual Culture 3(1), 17-34.
    • (2004) Journal of Visual Culture , vol.3 , Issue.1 , pp. 17-34
    • Kleinhans, C.1
  • 174
    • 84899249496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistics Canada, Catalogue no. 85-002-XIE
    • Kong, R., H. Johnson, S. Beattie and A. Cardillo, Sexual Offences in Canada, 2003, Statistics Canada, Catalogue no. 85-002-XIE, vol. 23, no. 6, at http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/85-002-XIE/0060385-002-XIE.pdf.
    • (2003) Sexual Offences In Canada , vol.23 , Issue.6
    • Kong, R.1    Johnson, H.2    Beattie, S.3    Cardillo, A.4
  • 175
    • 84899234913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defeating the Virtual Defense in Child Pornography Prosecutions
    • Kreston, S.S., 'Defeating the Virtual Defense in Child Pornography Prosecutions' (2004), J. High Tech. L. 4(49), 60-61.
    • (2004) J. High Tech. L , vol.4 , Issue.49 , pp. 60-61
    • Kreston, S.S.1
  • 176
    • 44749084900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A typology of online child pornography offending
    • Australian Institute of Criminology Canberra, and at
    • Krone, T., 'A typology of online child pornography offending' (2004), Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, No. 279, Australian Institute of Criminology Canberra, at and at .
    • (2004) Trends and Issues In Crime and Criminal Justice , Issue.279
    • Krone, T.1
  • 177
    • 33745328131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International police operations against online child pornography
    • Australian Institute of Criminology
    • Krone, T., 'International police operations against online child pornography' (2005), Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, No. 296, Australian Institute of Criminology, at .
    • (2005) Trends and Issues In Crime and Criminal Justice , Issue.296
    • Krone, T.1
  • 178
    • 14244271293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computer Child Pornography: The Liability of Distributors?
    • Special Edition: Crime, Criminal Justice and the Internet, December 1998
    • Leong, G., 'Computer Child Pornography: The Liability of Distributors?' (1998), Crim. L.R., Special Edition: Crime, Criminal Justice and the Internet, December 1998, 19-29.
    • (1998) Crim. L.R , pp. 19-29
    • Leong, G.1
  • 180
    • 84899247759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bill C-2: An Act To Amend The Criminal Code (Protection Of Children And Other Vulnerable Persons) And The Canada Evidence Act, Parliamentary Information and Research Centre, Library of Canadian Parliament, 13 October
    • MacKay, R., Bill C-2: An Act To Amend The Criminal Code (Protection Of Children And Other Vulnerable Persons) And The Canada Evidence Act, Parliamentary Information and Research Centre, Library of Canadian Parliament, 13 October 2004, at .
    • (2004)
    • Mackay, R.1
  • 183
    • 84899228575 scopus 로고
    • More About Computer Pornography
    • Manchester, C., 'More About Computer Pornography' (1995), Crim. L.R., 645.
    • (1995) Crim. L.R , pp. 645
    • Manchester, C.1
  • 185
    • 84899187519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case Comment: R. v. Sharpe
    • Martin, R., 'Case Comment: R. v. Sharpe' (2001), 39 Alberta Law Review 585.
    • (2001) Alberta Law Review , vol.39 , pp. 585
    • Martin, R.1
  • 186
    • 84937620393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyberporn: Transmission of Images by Computer as Obscene, Harmful to Minors or Child Pornography
    • updated in January 2007
    • Menninger, L.A., II, 'Cyberporn: Transmission of Images by Computer as Obscene, Harmful to Minors or Child Pornography' (2007), 61 AMJUR POF 3d 51 (updated in January 2007).
    • (2007) AMJUR POF 3d , vol.61 , pp. 51
    • Menninger II, L.A.1
  • 187
    • 44749089016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The U.S. Supreme Court Addresses the Child Pornography Prevention Act and Child Online Protection Act in Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition and Ashcroft v. American Civil Liberties Union
    • Mota, S.A., 'The U.S. Supreme Court Addresses the Child Pornography Prevention Act and Child Online Protection Act in Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition and Ashcroft v. American Civil Liberties Union' (2002), Federal Communications Law Journal 55(1), 85-98.
    • (2002) Federal Communications Law Journal , vol.55 , Issue.1 , pp. 85-98
    • Mota, S.A.1
  • 188
    • 84886524473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defamation and the Quiescent Anarchy of the Internet: A Case Study of Cyber Targeting
    • Winter
    • Myers, D.A., 'Defamation and the Quiescent Anarchy of the Internet: A Case Study of Cyber Targeting' (2006), 110 Penn State International Law Review 667 (Winter).
    • (2006) Penn State International Law Review , vol.110 , pp. 667
    • Myers, D.A.1
  • 191
    • 0039230293 scopus 로고
    • 2nd edn, Dubuque, IA: Kendall Hunt
    • O'Brien, S., Child Pornography, 2nd edn, Dubuque, IA: Kendall Hunt, 1992.
    • (1992) Child Pornography
    • O'Brien, S.1
  • 193
    • 84899400205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Office of National Statistics, Internet Access: 2006 First Release, 23 August
    • The Office of National Statistics, Internet Access: 2006 First Release, 23 August 2006, at .
    • (2006)
  • 195
    • 84868551749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commentary on R v. Porter
    • Ormerod, D., 'Commentary on R v. Porter' (2006), Crim. L.R., 748.
    • (2006) Crim. L.R , pp. 748
    • Ormerod, D.1
  • 196
    • 84899158741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case Commentary on R v. Skinner
    • Jan
    • Ormerod, D., 'Case Commentary on R v. Skinner' (2006), Criminal Law Review, Jan, 56-60.
    • (2006) Criminal Law Review , pp. 56-60
    • Ormerod, D.1
  • 197
    • 84925111431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case Comment on R v. Smith (Graham Westgarth)
    • August
    • Ormerod, D., 'Case Comment on R v. Smith (Graham Westgarth)' (2002), Criminal Law Review, August, 659-63.
    • (2002) Criminal Law Review , pp. 659-663
    • Ormerod, D.1
  • 198
    • 0036755634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Children at Risk: Legal and Societal Perceptions of the Potential Threat that the Possession of Child Pornography Poses to Society
    • September
    • Ost, S., 'Children at Risk: Legal and Societal Perceptions of the Potential Threat that the Possession of Child Pornography Poses to Society' (2002), Journal of Law and Society 29(3), September, 436-60.
    • (2002) Journal of Law and Society , vol.29 , Issue.3 , pp. 436-460
    • Ost, S.1
  • 199
    • 33747597000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Getting to Grips with Sexual Grooming? The New Offence under the Sexual Offences Act 2003
    • Ost, S., 'Getting to Grips with Sexual Grooming? The New Offence under the Sexual Offences Act 2003' (2004), Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law 26(2), 147-59.
    • (2004) Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law , vol.26 , Issue.2 , pp. 147-159
    • Ost, S.1
  • 200
    • 33646500386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When Images Matter: Internet Child Pornography, Forms of Observation and an Ethics of the Virtual
    • (22)
    • Oswell, D., 'When Images Matter: Internet Child Pornography, Forms of Observation and an Ethics of the Virtual' (2006), Information, Communication and Society 9(2), 244-65(22).
    • (2006) Information, Communication and Society , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. 244-265
    • Oswell, D.1
  • 202
    • 84870312261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validity, Construction, and Application of Federal Enactments Proscribing Obscenity and Child Pornography or Access Thereto on the Internet
    • Parker, L.J., 'Validity, Construction, and Application of Federal Enactments Proscribing Obscenity and Child Pornography or Access Thereto on the Internet' (2005), 7 A.L.R. Fed. 2d 1.
    • (2005) A.L.R. Fed. 2d , vol.7 , pp. 1
    • Parker, L.J.1
  • 204
    • 84937620395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Press furore fuels knee-jerk response to "extreme" pornography
    • October
    • Petley, J., 'Press furore fuels knee-jerk response to "extreme" pornography' (2006), Index on Censorship, October, at .
    • (2006) Index On Censorship
    • Petley, J.1
  • 207
    • 84899173169 scopus 로고
    • Child Pornography and the Right to Privacy
    • Quigley, J., 'Child Pornography and the Right to Privacy' (1991), 43 Florida Law Review 347.
    • (1991) Florida Law Review , vol.43 , pp. 347
    • Quigley, J.1
  • 208
    • 84899352150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possession of Indecent Pseudo-photograph of Children
    • December
    • Rees, T. and D. Ormerod, 'Possession of Indecent Pseudo-photograph of Children' (2004), Criminal Law Review, December, 1039-41.
    • (2004) Criminal Law Review , pp. 1039-1041
    • Rees, T.1    Ormerod, D.2
  • 210
    • 84855451905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R. v. Sharpe and Private Possession of Child Pornography
    • Ross, J., 'R. v. Sharpe and Private Possession of Child Pornography' (2000), Constitutional Forum (11) 50.
    • (2000) Constitutional Forum , Issue.11 , pp. 50
    • Ross, J.1
  • 211
    • 32244446612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obscenity Laws and the Internet: Targeting the Supply and Demand
    • February
    • Rowbottom, J., 'Obscenity Laws and the Internet: Targeting the Supply and Demand' (2006), Criminal Law Review, February, 97-109.
    • (2006) Criminal Law Review , pp. 97-109
    • Rowbottom, J.1
  • 212
    • 33745676648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Harms of Child Pornography Law
    • Winter
    • Ryder, B., 'The Harms of Child Pornography Law' (2003), 36 U.B.C. L. Rev. 101 (Winter).
    • (2003) U.B.C. L. Rev , vol.36 , pp. 101
    • Ryder, B.1
  • 215
    • 0348198061 scopus 로고
    • Codifying the First Amendment: New York v. Ferber
    • Schauer, F., 'Codifying the First Amendment: New York v. Ferber' (1982), Sup. Ct. Rev. 285, 317.
    • (1982) Sup. Ct. Rev , vol.285 , pp. 317
    • Schauer, F.1
  • 216
    • 84899241607 scopus 로고
    • PC Peep Show: Computers, Privacy and Child Pornography
    • Summer
    • Scheller, J.C., 'PC Peep Show: Computers, Privacy and Child Pornography' (1994), John Marshall Law Review, 27 (Summer), 989-1016.
    • (1994) John Marshall Law Review , vol.27 , pp. 989-1016
    • Scheller, J.C.1
  • 217
  • 219
    • 33748875144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of Child Pornography Possession as a Diagnostic Indicator of Pedophilia
    • Seto, M.C., J.M. Cantor and R. Blanchard, 'Validation of Child Pornography Possession as a Diagnostic Indicator of Pedophilia' (2006), Journal of Abnormal Psychology 115, 610-15.
    • (2006) Journal of Abnormal Psychology , vol.115 , pp. 610-615
    • Seto, M.C.1    Cantor, J.M.2    Blanchard, R.3
  • 220
    • 23944525913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Criminal Histories and Later Offending of Child Pornography Offenders
    • Seto M.C. and A.W. Eke, 'The Criminal Histories and Later Offending of Child Pornography Offenders' (2005), Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 17, 201-10.
    • (2005) Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment , vol.17 , pp. 201-210
    • Seto, M.C.1    Eke, A.W.2
  • 221
    • 0035192874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Role of Pornography in the Etiology of Sexual Aggression
    • Seto, M.C., A. Maric and E.B. Howard, 'The Role of Pornography in the Etiology of Sexual Aggression' (2001), Aggression and Violent Behavior 6, 35-53.
    • (2001) Aggression and Violent Behavior , vol.6 , pp. 35-53
    • Seto, M.C.1    Maric, A.2    Howard, E.B.3
  • 222
    • 84899181765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Virtual Child Pornography: Does It Mean the End of the Child Pornography Exception to the First Amendment?
    • Slocum, B.G., 'Virtual Child Pornography: Does It Mean the End of the Child Pornography Exception to the First Amendment?' (2004), 14 Albany Law Journal of Science and Technology 637.
    • (2004) Albany Law Journal of Science and Technology , vol.14 , pp. 637
    • Slocum, B.G.1
  • 223
    • 0347449395 scopus 로고
    • Private Possession of Child Pornography: Narrowing At-Home Privacy Rights
    • Smith, L.S., 'Private Possession of Child Pornography: Narrowing At-Home Privacy Rights' (1991), Ann. Surv. Am. L. 1011.
    • (1991) Ann. Surv. Am. L , pp. 1011
    • Smith, L.S.1
  • 225
    • 84899197699 scopus 로고
    • Extending the Labyrinth: Part VII of the CJPOA 1994
    • Stone, R., 'Extending the Labyrinth: Part VII of the CJPOA 1994', [1995] MLR 58 (3) 389-94.
    • (1995) MLR , vol.58 , Issue.3 , pp. 389-394
    • Stone, R.1
  • 232
    • 84899372706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sentencing: Making Indecent Photographs or Pseudo Photographs of Children-Sentencing Guidelines
    • February
    • Thomas, D.A., 'Sentencing: Making Indecent Photographs or Pseudo Photographs of Children-Sentencing Guidelines' (2003), Criminal Law Review, February, 127-33.
    • (2003) Criminal Law Review , pp. 127-133
    • Thomas, D.A.1
  • 233
    • 84899388486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sample Counts and Specimen Charges
    • Thomas, D.A., 'Sample Counts and Specimen Charges' (2005), Criminal Law Review, 575-9.
    • (2005) Criminal Law Review , pp. 575-579
    • Thomas, D.A.1
  • 234
    • 0010971704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UK White Paper, December, Cm 5010, at
    • UK White Paper, A New Future for Communications, December 2000, Cm 5010, at .
    • (2000) A New Future For Communications
  • 236
    • 84899226313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, Guidelines regarding initial reports to be submitted by States Parties under article 12 (1) of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography (unedited version), CRC/OP/SA/1, adopted by the Committee at its 777th meeting (Twenty-ninth session) on 1 February
    • UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, Guidelines regarding initial reports to be submitted by States Parties under article 12 (1) of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography (unedited version), CRC/OP/SA/1, adopted by the Committee at its 777th meeting (Twenty-ninth session) on 1 February 2002, at .
    • (2002)
  • 237
    • 84899293243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UN Convention on the Rights of the Child Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 44/25 of 20 November 1989 entry into force 2 September 1990, in accordance with article 49
    • UN Convention on the Rights of the Child Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 44/25 of 20 November 1989 entry into force 2 September 1990, in accordance with article 49.
  • 238
    • 84899308409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UN Declaration of the Rights of the Child Proclaimed by General Assembly resolution 1386(XIV) of 20 November 1959
    • UN Declaration of the Rights of the Child Proclaimed by General Assembly resolution 1386(XIV) of 20 November 1959.
  • 239
    • 84899344333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UN Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography, New York, 25 May 2000, Fifty-fourth session (97th plenary meeting), Agenda item 116 (a), Distr. General A/RES/54/263, 26 June
    • UN Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography, New York, 25 May 2000, Fifty-fourth session (97th plenary meeting), Agenda item 116 (a), Distr. General A/RES/54/263, 26 June 2000.
    • (2000)
  • 240
    • 84899398424 scopus 로고
    • UN Special Rapporteur (Mr Vitit Muntarbhorn) Report of the Commission on Human Rights on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, E/CN.4/1994/84, 14 January, presented at the fiftieth session of the General Assembly of the United Nations
    • UN Special Rapporteur (Mr Vitit Muntarbhorn) Report of the Commission on Human Rights on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, E/CN.4/1994/84, 14 January 1994, presented at the fiftieth session of the General Assembly of the United Nations.
    • (1994)
  • 241
    • 84899397124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UN Special Rapporteur (Ms Ofelia Calcetas-Santos) Report of the Commission on Human Rights on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, A/50/456, 20 September 1995, presented at the fiftieth session of the General Assembly of the United Nations
    • UN Special Rapporteur (Ms Ofelia Calcetas-Santos) Report of the Commission on Human Rights on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, A/50/456, 20 September 1995, presented at the fiftieth session of the General Assembly of the United Nations.
  • 242
    • 84899324129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UN Special Rapporteur (Ms Ofelia Calcetas-Santos) Report of the Commission on Human Rights on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, A/51/456, 7 October, presented at the fifty-first session of the General Assembly of the United Nations
    • UN Special Rapporteur (Ms Ofelia Calcetas-Santos) Report of the Commission on Human Rights on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, A/51/456, 7 October 1996, presented at the fifty-first session of the General Assembly of the United Nations.
    • (1996)
  • 243
    • 84899359868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UN Special Rapporteur (Ms Ofelia Calcetas-Santos) Report of the Commission on Human Rights on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, A/52/482, 16 October, presented at the fifty-second session of the General Assembly of the United Nations
    • UN Special Rapporteur (Ms Ofelia Calcetas-Santos) Report of the Commission on Human Rights on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, A/52/482, 16 October 1997, presented at the fifty-second session of the General Assembly of the United Nations.
    • (1997)
  • 244
    • 84899242179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UN Special Rapporteur (Ms Ofelia Calcetas-Santos) Report of the Commission on Human Rights on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, E/CN.4/1998/101, 13 January, presented at the fifty-fourth session of the General Assembly of the United Nations
    • UN Special Rapporteur (Ms Ofelia Calcetas-Santos) Report of the Commission on Human Rights on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, E/CN.4/1998/101, 13 January 1998, presented at the fifty-fourth session of the General Assembly of the United Nations.
    • (1998)
  • 245
    • 84899173231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UN Special Rapporteur (Ms Ofelia Calcetas-Santos) Report of the Commission on Human Rights on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, A/54/411, 29 September, presented at the fifty-fourth session of the General Assembly of the United Nations
    • UN Special Rapporteur (Ms Ofelia Calcetas-Santos) Report of the Commission on Human Rights on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, A/54/411, 29 September 1999, presented at the fifty-fourth session of the General Assembly of the United Nations.
    • (1999)
  • 246
    • 84899397125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UN Special Rapporteur (Ms Ofelia Calcetas-Santos) Report of the Commission on Human Rights on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, E/CN.4/2001/78, 25 January, presented at the fifty-seventh session of the General Assembly of the United Nations
    • UN Special Rapporteur (Ms Ofelia Calcetas-Santos) Report of the Commission on Human Rights on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, E/CN.4/2001/78, 25 January 2001, presented at the fifty-seventh session of the General Assembly of the United Nations.
    • (2001)
  • 247
    • 84899343727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UN Special Rapporteur (Mr Juan Miguel Petit) Report of the Commission on Human Rights on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, E/CN.4/2002/88, 4 February, presented at the fifty-eighth session of the General Assembly of the United Nations
    • UN Special Rapporteur (Mr Juan Miguel Petit) Report of the Commission on Human Rights on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, E/CN.4/2002/88, 4 February 2002, presented at the fifty-eighth session of the General Assembly of the United Nations.
    • (2002)
  • 248
    • 84899285272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UN Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, Thematic Report on child pornography on the Internet, E/CN.4/2005/78, Economic and Social Council, Commission on Human Rights, 23 December, Addendum: Communications sent to Governments and replies received, E/CN.4/2005/78/Add.3, 8 March 2005, at
    • UN Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, Thematic Report on child pornography on the Internet, E/CN.4/2005/78, Economic and Social Council, Commission on Human Rights, 23 December 2004, at . Addendum: Communications sent to Governments and replies received, E/CN.4/2005/78/Add.3, 8 March 2005, at .
    • (2004)
  • 249
    • 84899337279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UN Report of the Intergovernmental Working Group on the effective implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action on its fourth session (Chairperson-Rapporteur: Juan Martabit (Chile)), E/CN.4/2006/18, 20 March
    • UN Report of the Intergovernmental Working Group on the effective implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action on its fourth session (Chairperson-Rapporteur: Juan Martabit (Chile)), E/CN.4/2006/18, 20 March 2006, at .
    • (2006)
  • 252
    • 84899403891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Department of Justice, Executive Office for U.S. ATT'y, Review of Child Pornography and Obscenity Crimes, Rep. No. I-2001-07, t.3, 19 July 2001, at
    • US Department of Justice, Executive Office for U.S. ATT'y, Review of Child Pornography and Obscenity Crimes, Rep. No. I-2001-07, t.3 (2001), 19 July 2001, at .
    • (2001)
  • 256
    • 84899195247 scopus 로고
    • US Senate, Permanent Subcommittee on Investigation, 99th Cong. 2d Sess. 10-12
    • US Senate, Permanent Subcommittee on Investigation, Child Pornography and Paedophilia, 99th Cong. 2d Sess. 10-12 (1986).
    • (1986) Child Pornography and Paedophilia
  • 257
    • 84899199542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Senate, Committee on the Judiciary Report on the Child Pornography Prevention Act of 1995, 104th Congress Report, Senate 2d Session 104-358, August 27
    • US Senate, Committee on the Judiciary Report on the Child Pornography Prevention Act of 1995, 104th Congress Report, Senate 2d Session 104-358, August 27, 1996.
    • (1996)
  • 258
    • 84899201561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Senate, Report, The PROTECT Act of 2003, No: 19-010, 108-2, 1st Session, 11 February 2003 (Hatch Report)
    • US Senate, Report, The PROTECT Act of 2003, No: 19-010, 108-2, 1st Session, 11 February 2003 (Hatch Report).
  • 259
    • 84899366469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Sentencing Commission, Report to the Congress: Downward Departures from the Federal Sentencing Guidelines (in response to section 401(m) of Public Law 108-21), October
    • US Sentencing Commission, Report to the Congress: Downward Departures from the Federal Sentencing Guidelines (in response to section 401(m) of Public Law 108-21), October 2003.
    • (2003)
  • 260
    • 82255185897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Internet Hate Speech: The European Framework and the Emerging American Haven
    • Van Blarcum, C.D., 'Internet Hate Speech: The European Framework and the Emerging American Haven' (2005), 62 Washington and Lee Law Review 781.
    • (2005) Washington and Lee Law Review , vol.62 , pp. 781
    • van Blarcum, C.D.1
  • 262
    • 2442524420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-Terrorism Laws and Data Retention: War is Over?
    • Summer
    • Walker, C. and Y. Akdeniz, 'Anti-Terrorism Laws and Data Retention: War is Over?' (2003), Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly, 54(2), Summer, 159-82.
    • (2003) Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly , vol.54 , Issue.2 , pp. 159-182
    • Walker, C.1    Akdeniz, Y.2
  • 264
    • 14244272889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Policing and the Regulation of the Internet
    • December Special Edition: Crime, Criminal Justice and the Internet
    • Wall, D., 'Policing and the Regulation of the Internet' (1998), Criminal Law Review, December Special Edition: Crime, Criminal Justice and the Internet, 79-91.
    • (1998) Criminal Law Review , pp. 79-91
    • Wall, D.1
  • 265
    • 27844511478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insecurity and the Policing of Cyberspace
    • in A. Crawford (ed.), Cullompton: Willan
    • Wall, D., 'Insecurity and the Policing of Cyberspace', in A. Crawford (ed.), Crime and Insecurity, Cullompton: Willan, 2002, 186-209.
    • (2002) Crime and Insecurity , pp. 186-209
    • Wall, D.1
  • 268
    • 0034500984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paedophilia: Plague or Panic?
    • West, D., 'Paedophilia: Plague or Panic?' (2000), Journal of Forensic Psychiatry 11(3), 511-31.
    • (2000) Journal of Forensic Psychiatry , vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp. 511-531
    • West, D.1
  • 269
    • 84899387216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Construction and Application of United States Sentencing Guideline § 2G2.1 et seq., Pertaining to Child Pornography
    • Williams, E., 'Construction and Application of United States Sentencing Guideline § 2G2.1 et seq., Pertaining to Child Pornography', 145 A.L.R. Fed. 481.
    • A.L.R. Fed , vol.145 , pp. 481
    • Williams, E.1
  • 270
    • 30344485524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Child Pornography Law: Does It Protect Children?
    • Williams, K.S., 'Child Pornography Law: Does It Protect Children?' (2004), Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law 26(3), 245-61.
    • (2004) Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law , vol.26 , Issue.3 , pp. 245-261
    • Williams, K.S.1
  • 271
    • 0013354612 scopus 로고
    • Williams Committee Report, Cmnd 7772, London: HMSO
    • Williams Committee Report, Obscenity and Film Censorship, Cmnd 7772, London: HMSO, 1979.
    • (1979) Obscenity and Film Censorship
  • 275
    • 84889058908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Working Group on Internet Governance, July
    • The Working Group on Internet Governance, Background Report, July 2005, at .
    • (2005) Background Report
  • 276
    • 51049105872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Problem Oriented Guides for Police Problem Specific Guides Series, No: 41, US Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, May
    • Wortley, R. and S. Smallbone, Child Pornography on the Internet, Problem Oriented Guides for Police Problem Specific Guides Series, No: 41, US Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, May 2006, at .
    • (2006) Child Pornography On the Internet
    • Wortley, R.1    Smallbone, S.2
  • 277
    • 84899201904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Annotation: Liability of Internet Service Provider for Internet or E- Mail Defamation
    • Zitter, J.M., 'Annotation: Liability of Internet Service Provider for Internet or E- Mail Defamation' (2000), 84 A.L.R. 5th 169.
    • (2000) 84 A.L.R. 5th 169
    • Zitter, J.M.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.