The Juan Pardo expeditions: Exploration of the Carolinas and Tennessee, 1566-1568

The Juan Pardo Expeditions: Exploration of the Carolinas and Tennessee, 1566-1568

Volumn , Issue , 2005, Pages 1-366

  Hudson, Charles ^a   Moore, David G ^c   Hoffman, Paul ^b   Rodning, Christopher B ^d  

^a University of Georia   (United States)

^b LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c WARREN WILSON COLLEGE   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84899317584     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (359)

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164. David Moore, personal communication.
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171. Elvas, Narratives, p. 68.
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186. Ranjel, "Narrative," pp. 104-6.
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190. Ranjel, "Narrative," p. 106
191. "Guasuli" (Biedma, "Relation," p. 15)
192. "Guaxule" (Elvas, Narratives, p. 67;
193. Garcilaso, Florida, p. 335
194. Elvas, Narratives, p. 67.
195. Ranjel, "Narrative," p. 106.
196. Garcilaso, Florida, pp. 335-36.
197. Duane King, personal communication.
198. Ranjel, "Narrative," p. 106;
199. Elvas, Narratives, pp. 68-69.
200. Mooney, Myths, p. 518.
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203. Hudson et al., "Coosa," pp. 723-37
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205. Elvas, Narratives, p. 58.
206. Hally, Little Egypt;
207. David J. Hally, "Introduction to the Symposium: The King Site and Its Investigation." Southeastern Archaeological Conference Bulletin 18(1975):48-54
208. James B. Langford, Jr., and Marvin T. Smith, "The Coosa Province: An Update," paper presented at the Lamar Institute Conference on South Appalachian Mississippian, Macon, Ga., May 10, 1986.
209. Charles Hudson, Marvin Smith, Chester DePratter, and Emilia Kelley, "The Tristan de Luna Expedition, 1559-1561," Southeastern Archaeology 8(1989):31-45
210. Charles Hudson, "A Spanish-Coosa Alliance in SixteenthCentury North Georgia," Georgia Historical Quarterly, 62(1988):599-626.
211. Biedma, "Relation," p. 15;
212. Ranjel, Narratives, p. 108.
213. Charles Hudson, "Juan Pardo's Excursion beyond Chiaha," Tennessee Anthropologist 12(1987):74-87.
214. Ranjel, Narrative, pp. 109-110
215. Garcilaso, Florida pp. 341-42.
216. Charles Hudson, Marvin Smith, and Chester DePratter, "The King Site Massacre Victims: An Historical Detectives' Report," in The King Site: Biocultural Adaptations in Sixteenth-Century Georgia, ed. Robert L. Blakely, (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1988), pp. 117-34.
217. Hudson, "Pardo's Excursion." 207. Pardo.
218. John R. Swanton, Early History of the Creek Indians and Their Neighbors, Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 73 (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1922), p. 21 4
219. Booker et aI., "Multilingualism."
220. Chester B. DePratter, Charles H. Hudson, and Marvin T. Smith, "The Hernando de Soto Expedition: From Chiaha to Mabila," in Alabama and the Borderlands, ed. R. Reid Badger and Lawrence A. Clayton (University: University of Alabama Press, 1985), p. 116.
221. John T. Lanning, The Spanish Missions ofGeorgia (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1936), p. 43.
222. Hudson, "A Spanish-Coosa Alliance";
223. Swanton, Early History, pp. 2072
224. Augustin Davila Padilla, Historia de la Fundacion y discurso de la provincia de Santiago de Mexico, de La Orden de Predicadores (Mexico, 1955), p. 216.
225. Elvas, Narratives, p. 52.
226. Lawson, New Voyage, pp. 23-24.
227. Elvas, Narratives, p. 63
228. Garcilaso, Florida, p. 320.
229. Ranjel, "Narrative," p. 99
230. Elvas, Narratives, p. 62
231. Rene Ladonniere, Three Voyages, trans. Charles E. Bennett (Gainesville: University of Florida, 1975), pp. 18, 39.
232. Kristian Hvidt, ed., Von Reck's Voyage (Savannah, Ga.: Beehive Press, 1980), p. 127
233. Zubillaga, Floridae, p. 400.
234. 227 Ranjel, "Narrative," p. 99.
235. Elvas, Narratives, p. 55.
236. I. Eugene Lyon, The Enterprise of Florida: Pedro Menendez de Aviles and the Spanish Conquest of 1565-1568 (Gainesville: University Presses of Florida, 1976), pp. 197-205.
237. Charles Gibson, Spain in America (New York: Harper & Row, 1966), pp. 149-50.
238. P. 1. Bakewell, Silver Mining and Society in Colonial Mexico: Zacatecas 1546-1700 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1971), passim.
239. William E. Myer, "Indian Trails of the Southeast," 4200 Annual Report ofthe Bureau of American Ethnology (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1928).
240. Charles Hudson, Marvin T. Smith, and Chester B. DePratter, "The Hernando de Soto Expedition: From Apalachee to Chiaha, "Southeastern Archaeology 3( 1984):7 I-72 .
241. David Anderson, David J. Hally, and James L. Rudolph, "The Mississippian Occupation of the Savannah River Valley," Southeastern Archaeology 5(1986):32-5 1.
242. Charles Hudson, Marvin Smith, David Hally, Richard Polhemus, and Chester DePratter, "Coosa: A Chiefdom in the Sixteenth-Century Southeastern United States," American Antiquity 5(1985):731.
243. Richard P. Kandare, "A Contextual Study of Mississippian Dugout Canoes: A Research Design for the Moundville Phase," M.A. thesis, University of Arkansas, 1983.
244. Ralph Wilbanks, "A Progress Report on the Small-Watercraft Research Project in South Carolina," The Institute ofArchaeology and Anthropology Notebook, The University of South Carolina I 2(198o): 17-27.
245. Felix Zubillaga, Monumenta Antiquae Floridae (1566-1572) (Rome: Monumenta Historica Soc. Iesu, 1946), p. 421.
246. John G. Varner and Jeannette J. Varner, Dogs of the Conquest (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1983), passim.
247. Chester B. DePratter and Marvin T. Smith, "Sixteenth-Century European Trade in the Southeastern United States: Evidence from the Juan Pardo Expeditions (1566-1568)," in Spanish Colonial Frontier Research, ed. Henry F. Dobyns (Albuquerque, N.M.: Center for Anthropological Studies, 1980), pp. 67-77
248. Stanley South, Russell K. Skowronek, and Richard E. Johnson, Spanish Artifacts from Santa Elena (Columbia: South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology, 1988) pp. 179, 183.
249. Richard Polhemus, personal communication.
250. South et aI., Spanish Artifacts from Santa Elena, pp. 162-63, 425-51.
251. Richard Hakluyt, The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques & Discoveries (Glasgow: James MacLehose and Sons, 1904), vol. 20, p. 114.
252. Michael V. Gannon, "Sebastian Montero, Pioneer American Missionary, 1566-1572," Catholic Historical Review 51(1965-66):335-53.
253. Gannon, "Sebastian Montero," p. 337
254. Michael V. Gannon, The Cross and the Sand: The Early Catholic Church in Florida, 1513-1870 (Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1965), p. 29.
255. Gannon, "Sebastian Montero," p. 349.
256. Zubillaga, Floridae, p. 315.
257. The Southeastern Indians played several indigenous gambling games. See John Lawson, A New Voyage to Carolina (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1967), pp. 34, 35, 43-54, 55
258. Zubillaga, Floridae, pp. 336,401.
259. Clifford M. Lewis and Albert 1. Loomie, The Spanish Jesuit Mission in Virginia, 1570-1572 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1953), p. 26.
260. Peter Martyr, De Orbe Novo, ed. and trans. F. A. MacNutt (New York, 1912), vol. 2, pp. 254-71.
261. Gentleman of Elvas, Narratives ofDe Soto in the Conquest ofFlorida, trans. Buckingham Smith (New York: Bradford Club, 1866), p. 65
262. Rodrigo Ranjel, "Narrative," in Narratives of the Career of Hernando de Soto, trans. Buckingham Smith, ed. Edward G. Bourne (New York: Allerton, 1922), pp. 1001.
263. Gibson, Spain in America, pp. 12-13.
264. Elvas, Narratives, p. 72
265. Ranjel, "Narrative," p. 102.
266. Elvas, Narratives, p. 74
267. Ranjel, "Narrative," p. 110.
268. Paul E. Hoffman, "Legend, Religious Idealism, and Colonies: The Point of Santa Elena in History, 1552-I 556," South Carolina Historical Magazine 84(1983):59-71.
269. Rene Laudonniere, Three Voyages, trans. Charles E. Bennett (Gainesville: University Presses of Florida, 1975), pp. 9, 46.
270. Luys Hernandez de Biedma, "Relation," in Narratives of the Career of Hernando de Soto, trans. Buckingham Smith, ed. Edward Gaylord Bourne (New York: Allerton, 1922), p. 7.
271. Charles Hudson, "Juan Pardo's Excursion Beyond Chiaha," Tennessee Anthropologist 12(1987):74-87.
272. Charles W. Arnade, Florida on Trial, 1593-1602 (Coral Gables, Fla.: University of Miami Press, 1959), p. 40.
273. Joffre L. Coe, "The Cultural Sequence of the Carolina Piedmont," in Archaeology of Eastern United States, ed. James B. Griffin (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1952), pp. 307-8
274. Charles Hudson, The Southeastern Indians (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1976): pp. 166-69.
275. Leland Ferguson, "Prehistoric Mica Mines in the Southeastern Appalachians," South Carolina Antiquities 6(1974):1-9.
276. Garcilaso de la Vega, The Florida of the Inca, trans. John G. Varner and Jeannette 1. Varner (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1951), p. 31
277. E. G. Squier and E. H. Davis, Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley, Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, vol. 1 (Washington, D.C., 1848), p. 106.
278. Garcilaso, Florida, pp. 253ff., 33;
279. Ranjel, "Narrative", p. 104.
280. Garcilaso, Florida, p. 254.
281. Quoted in Lewis and Loomie, Jesuit Mission, p. 207.
282. Arnade, Florida on Trial, pp. 38-4.
283. Clifford M. Lewis and Albert 1. Loomie, The Spanish Jesuit Mission in Virginia, 1570-1572 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1953), p. 19
284. Rodrigo Ranjel, "Relation," in Narratives ofthe Career ofHernando de Soto, trans. Buckingham Smith, ed. Edward Gaylord Bourne (New York: Allerton, 1922), p. 101
285. Gentleman of Elvas, Narratives of De Soto, trans. Buckingham Smith (New York: Bradford Club, 1866), pp. 64-65.
286. Charles Gibson, Spain in America (New York: Harper and Row, 1966), p. 29
287. Inga Clendinnen, Ambivalent Conquests: Maya and Spaniard in Yucatan, 1517-1570 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987), passim.
288. Charles Hudson, The Southeastern Indians (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1976), pp. 229-32.
289. Luis Geronimo de Ore, The Martyrs of Florida, 1513-1616, trans. Maynard Geiger, Franciscan Studies no. 18 (New York, 1936), pp. 112-14.
290. Chester DePratter, Charles Hudson, and Marvin Smith, "The Hernando de Soto Expedition: From Chiaha to Mabila," in Alabama and the Borderlands, from Prehistory to Statehood, ed. Reid R. Badger and Lawrence A. Clayton (University: University of Alabama Press, 1985), pp. 108-26.
291. Charles Hudson, Marvin Smith, and Chester DePratter, "The Victims of the King Site Massacre: A Historical Detectives' Report," in The King Site: Continuity and Contact in Sixteenth-Century Georgia, ed. Robert Blakely (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1988), pp. 117-34.
292. Marvin T. Smith, Archaeology of Aboriginal Culture Change in the Interior Southeast (Gainesville: University Presses of Florida/Florida State Museum, 1987).
293. Bernard Romans, A Concise Natural History of East and West Florida (New York, 1775; reprinted by Pelican Publishing Company, New Orleans, 1961), p. 71.
294. Robert Blakely and Bettina Detweiler, "The King Site before, during and after the Spanish Encounter: A Bioarchaeological View," paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Historic Archaeology, Savannah, Ga., January 8, 1987.
295. Felix Zubillaga, Monumenta Antiquae Floridae, 1566-1572, Monumenta Historica Societatis Iesu, vol. 69 (Rome, 1946), p. 32 I.
296. Jaime Martinez, "Brief Narrative of the Martyrdom of the Fathers and Brothers of the Society of Jesus, Slain by the Jacan Indians of Florida," in The First Jesuit Mission in Florida, compo Ruben Vargas Ugarte, trans. Aloysius 1. Owen, U.S. Catholic Historical Society Records and Studies, vol. 25 (New York, 1935), p. 142.
297. Michael V. Gannon, "Sebastian Montero, Pioneer American Missionary, 1566-1572," Catholic Historical Review 5(1965/66):352.
298. Charles W. Arnade, Florida on Trial, 1593-1602 (Coral Gables, Fla.: University of Miami Press, 1959), p. 35.
299. Martinez, "Brief Narrative," p. 142.
300. 27 Lyon, "Santa Elena," pp. 5-9.
301. Paul E. Hoffman, "New Light on Vicente Gonzalez's 1588 Voyage in Search of Raleigh's English Colonies," The North Carolina Historical Review 63( 1986):204.
302. Verne E. Chatelain, The Defenses of Spanish Florida, 1565-1763 (Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Institution, 1941), p. 59.
303. Lyon, "Santa Elena," p. 14.
304. Hoffman, "New Light," pp. 220-23.
305. Arnade, Florida on Trial, pp. 3-9.
306. Ore, Martyrs, pp. 66-97.
307. Arnade, Florida on Trial, p. 8.
308. Alfred W. Crosby, Jr., The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492 (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1972), pp. 3563
309. Henry F. Dobyns, Their Number Become Thinned: Native American Population Dynamics in Eastern North America (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1983).
310. Zubillaga, Floridae, pp. 418, 42 3.
311. Marvin T. Smith, Archaeology of Aboriginal Culture Change in the Interior Southeast (Gainesville: University Presses of Florida, 1987).
312. Amade, Florida on Trial, pp. 46, 76.
313. Charles Hudson, Marvin T. Smith, and Chester B. DePratter, "The Hernando de Soto Expedition: From Apalachee to Chiaha," Southeastern Archaeology 3(1984):70-7 I.
314. Arnade, Florida on Trial, pp. 42-76.
315. William P. Cumming (ed.), The Discoveries ofJohn Lederer (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1958).
316. Cyrus Thomas, "Was John Lederer in Either of the Carolinas?" American Anthropologist 5(1903):724-27;
317. W.P. Cumming, "Geographical Misconceptions of the Southeast in the Cartography of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries," Journal of Southern History 4(1938):476-92
318. Lyman Carrier, "The Veracity of John Lederer," William and Mary Quarterly 9(1939):435-45
319. Percy G. Adams, Travelers and Travel Liars, 1660-1800 (New York: Dover, 1980), pp. 203-10.
320. Alan V. Briceland, Westward from Virginia: The Exploration of the Virginia-Carolina Frontier, 1650-1710 (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1987), pp. 92-123.
321. Henry Woodward to Sir John Yeamans, Albemarle Pointe in Chyawhaw, September 10, 1670. In Collections of the South Carolina Historical Society, vol. 5, 1897, pp. 186-88
322. Leitch Wright, Jr., The Only Land They Knew (New York: Free Press, 1981), pp. 106-7.
323. John Lawson, A New Voyage to Carolina, ed. Hugh Talmage Lefler (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1967)
324. Lawson, New Voyage, p. 17.
325. Lawson, A New Voyage, p. 53.
326. James Mooney, "Cherokee Mound-Building," American Anthropologist 2(1889):167-71
327. Raymond D. Fogelson, "Who Were the Ani-Kutanf? An Excursion into Cherokee Historical Thought," Ethnohistory 31(1984):255-63
328. Arnade, Florida on Trial, pp. 38-40.
329. John A. Walthall, Prehistoric Indians of the Southeast: Archaeology of Alabama and the Middle South (University: University of Alabama, Press, 1980), pp. 227-45.
330. David O. True, (ed.), Memoir of Do. d' Escalante Fontaneda Respecting Florida, trans. Buckingham Smith (Miami: Historical Association of Southern Florida, 1973), pp. 28-31.
331. Herbert Eugene Bolton, Coronado: Knight ofPueblos and Plains (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1949), pp. 6-7, 27-29
332. Wider Horizons of American History (New York: Appleton-Century, 1939), pp. 66-68.
333. Arnade, Florida on Trial, pp. 30-3 I.
334. Arnade, Florida on Trial, p. 41.
335. Richard Hakluyt, The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation (Glasgow: James MacLehose & Sons, 1904), vol. 20, pp. 112-13.
336. James Mooney, Myths of the Cherokee, 19th Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology (Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1900), p. 202.
337. F. A. Sondley, A History of Buncombe County, North Carolina (Asheville, N.C.: Advocate Printing, 1930), vol. I, pp. 140-41.
338. Frederic W. Simonds, "The Discovery of Iron Implements in an Ancient Mine in North Carolina," American Naturalist 15(1881):7-1 I.
339. "Francis Yeardley's Narrative of Excursions into Carolina, 1654," in Narratives ofEarly Carolina, 1650-1708, ed. Alexander S. Salley, Jr. (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 191 I), pp. 25-29.
340. James Moore to Edward Randolph. Quoted in Samuel Cole Williams, Early Travels in the Tennessee Country, 1540-1800 (Johnson City, Tennessee: Watauga Press, 192 8), p. 93.
341. Charles W. Amade, "The Failure of Spanish Florida," The Americas 16(1959/60):271-81.
342. Ketcham, "Three Relations," 66-67.
343. See Michael V. Gannon, "Sebastian Montero, Pioneer American Missionary, 1566-1572," The Catholic Historical Review, 51 (1965), 335-53
344. Charles M. Hudson, Knights ofSpain, Warriors ofthe Sun: Hernando de Soto and the South's Ancient Chiefdoms (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1997).
345. Chester B. DePratter, Hudson, and Marvin T. Smith, "The Route of Juan Pardo's Explorations in the Interior Southeast, 1566-1568," Florida Historical Quarterly 62(1983):125-58
346. Hudson, Smith, and DePratter, "The Hernando de Soto Expedition: From Apalachee to Chiaha," Southeastern Archaeology 3( 1984):65-77
347. Hudson, Smith, David Hally, Richard Polhemus, and DePratter, "Coosa: A Chiefdom in the Sixteenth Century Southeastern United States," American Antiquity 50( 1985):723-37.
348. For example, John R. Swanton, Final Report of the United States De Soto Ex-pedition Commission (1939; reprint, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1985).
349. For a synthesis of the archaeological work in the Savannah Valley, see David G. Anderson, The Savannah River Chiefdoms: Political Change in the Late Prehistoric Southeast (Tuscaloosa: The University of Alabama Press, 1994).
350. David G. Moore, Catawba Valley Mississippian: Ceramics, Chronology, and Catawba Indians (Tuscaloosa: The University of Alabama Press, 2002).
351. DePratter, Hudson, and Smith, "The Route of Juan Pardo's Explorations," Florida Historical Quarterly, 132
352. Janet E. Levy, 1. Alan May, and Moore, "From Ysa to Joara: Cultural Diversity in the Catawba Valley from the Fourteenth to the Sixteenth Century," in Columbian Consequences, Volume 2: Archaeological and Historical Perspectives on the Spanish Borderlands East, edited by D. H. Thomas (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1990), pp. 152-68.
353. John R. Worth, "Exploration and Trade in the Deep Frontier of Spanish Horida: Possible Sources for 16th-Century Spanish Artifacts in Western North Carolina" (Paper presented at the 51 st Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Archaeological Conference, Lexington, Kentucky, 1994).
354. Moore and Robin A. Beck Jr., "New Evidence of Sixteenth-Century Spanish Artifacts in the Catawba River Valley, North Carolina" (Paper presented at the 51 st Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Archaeological Conference).
355. Beck, "From Joara to Chiaha: Spanish Exploration of the Appalachian Summit Area, 1540-1568," Southeastern Archaeology 16(2)(1997b): 162-68.
356. Beck, "The Burke Phase: Late Prehistoric Settlements in the Upper Catawba River Valley, North Carolina" (M.A. thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, 1997a).
357. Juan de la Bandera, "The Pardo Documents, transcribed and translated by Paul H. Hoffman," in Hudson, The Juan Pardo Expeditions: Exploration ofthe Carolinas and Tennessee, 1566-1568 (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1990; Tuscaloosa: The University ofAlabama Press, 2(05), pp. 205-321
358. Beck and Moore, "The Burke Phase: A Mississippian Frontier in the North Carolina Foothills. Southeastern Archaeology 21(2)(2002): 192-205.
359. Moore, Beck, and Christopher B. Rodning, "Joara and Fort San Juan: Culture Contact at the Edge of the World," Antiquity 78(299): March 2004; available at http://antiquity.ac.uk/ProjGall/moore/.