Staging systems of hepatocellular carcinoma: A review of literature

World Journal of Gastroenterology

Volumn 20, Issue 15, 2014, Pages 4141-4150

  Maida, Marcello ^a   Orlando, Emanuele ^a   Cammà, Calogero ^a   Cabibbo, Giuseppe ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PALERMO   (Italy)

Author keywords

Barcelona clinic liver cancer; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Natural history; Prognosis; Staging

Indexed keywords

ALBUMIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ALPHA FETOPROTEIN; BILIRUBIN; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR; SOMATOMEDIN; VASCULOTROPIN; TUMOR MARKER;

ARTICLE; CANCER PROGNOSIS; CANCER STAGING; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; ECHOGRAPHY; HUMAN; LIVER CELL CARCINOMA; LIVER ITALIAN PROGRAM SCORE; LIVER RESECTION; META ANALYSIS (TOPIC); NAMED INVENTORIES, QUESTIONNAIRES AND RATING SCALES; PORTAL HYPERTENSION; TUMOR GROWTH; TUMOR VOLUME; ALGORITHM; ASIA; CARCINOMA, HEPATOCELLULAR; EUROPE; LIVER NEOPLASMS; METABOLISM; ONCOLOGY; PATHOLOGY; PROCEDURES; PROGNOSIS; REPRODUCIBILITY; STANDARDS; TIME;

ALGORITHMS; ASIA; CARCINOMA, HEPATOCELLULAR; EUROPE; HUMANS; LIVER NEOPLASMS; MEDICAL ONCOLOGY; NEOPLASM STAGING; PROGNOSIS; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; TIME FACTORS; TUMOR MARKERS, BIOLOGICAL;

EID: 84898866331     PISSN: 10079327     EISSN: 22192840     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i15.4141     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Sherman M. Hepatocellular carcinoma: epidemiology, surveillance, and diagnosis. Semin Liver Dis 2010; 30: 3-16 [PMID: 20175029 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1247128]
2. Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F, Forman D, Mathers C, Parkin DM. Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008. Int J Cancer 2010; 127: 2893-2917 [PMID: 21351269 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25516]
3. Cabibbo G, Craxì A. Hepatocellular cancer: optimal strategies for screening and surveillance. Dig Dis 2009; 27: 142-147 [PMID: 19546552 DOI: 10.1159/000218346]
4. Bruix J, Sherman M. Management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2005; 42: 1208-1236 [PMID: 16250051]
5. Sackett DL, Hayness RB, Guyatt G, Tugwell P. Clinical epidemiology: A basic science for clinical medicine. 2nd ed. London: Little, Brown and Company, 1991
6. Bosch FX, Ribes J, Cléries R, Díaz M. Epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Liver Dis 2005; 9: 191-211, v [PMID: 15831268]
7. Cabibbo G, Enea M, Attanasio M, Bruix J, Craxì A, Cammà C. A meta-analysis of survival rates of untreated patients in randomized clinical trials of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2010; 51: 1274-1283 [PMID: 20112254]
8. Cottone M, Virdone R, Fusco G, Orlando A, Turri M, Caltagirone M, Maringhini A, Sciarrino E, Demma I, Nicoli N. Asymptomatic hepatocellular carcinoma in Child's A cirrhosis. A comparison of natural history and surgical treatment. Gastroenterology 1989; 96: 1566-1571 [PMID: 2469617]
9. Cabibbo G, Maida M, Genco C, Parisi P, Peralta M, Antonucci M, Brancatelli G, Cammà C, Craxì A, Di Marco V. Natural history of untreatable hepatocellular carcinoma: A retrospective cohort study. World J Hepatol 2012; 4: 256-261 [PMID: 23060970]
10. Ueno S, Tanabe G, Sako K, Hiwaki T, Hokotate H, Fukukura Y, Baba Y, Imamura Y, Aikou T. Discrimination value of the new western prognostic system (CLIP score) for hepatocellular carcinoma in 662 Japanese patients. Cancer of the Liver Italian Program. Hepatology 2001; 34: 529-534 [PMID: 11526539]
11. Greene FL, Page DL, Fleming ID, Fritz A, Balch CM, Haller DG, Morrow M, editors. AJCC cancer staging manual. 6th ed. Chicago: Springer, 2002: 435
12. Edge SB, Byrd DR, Compton CC, Fritz AG, Greene FL, Trotti A. AJCC cancer staging manual. 7th ed. New York: Springer, 2010
13. Okuda K, Obata H, Nakajima Y, Ohtsuki T, Okazaki N, Ohnishi K. Prognosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 1984; 4: 3S-6S [PMID: 6319264]
14. A new prognostic system for hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective study of 435 patients: the Cancer of the Liver Italian Program (CLIP) investigators. Hepatology 1998; 28: 751-755 [PMID: 9731568]
15. Prospective validation of the CLIP score: a new prognostic system for patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The Cancer of the Liver Italian Program (CLIP) Investigators. Hepatology 2000; 31: 840-845 [PMID: 10733537]
16. Llovet JM, Brú C, Bruix J. Prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: the BCLC staging classification. Semin Liver Dis 1999; 19: 329-338 [PMID: 10518312]
17. Cabibbo G, Maida M, Genco C, Alessi N, Peralta M, Butera G, Galia M, Brancatelli G, Genova C, Raineri M, Orlando E, Attardo S, Giarratano A, Midiri M, Di Marco V, Craxì A, Cammà C. Survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated by percutaneous radio-frequency ablation (RFA) is affected by complete radiological response. PLoS One 2013; 8: e70016 [PMID: 23922893]
18. Llovet JM, Bruix J. Systematic review of randomized trials for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: Chemoembolization improves survival. Hepatology 2003; 37: 429-442 [PMID: 12540794]
19. Llovet JM, Ricci S, Mazzaferro V, Hilgard P, Gane E, Blanc JF, de Oliveira AC, Santoro A, Raoul JL, Forner A, Schwartz M, Porta C, Zeuzem S, Bolondi L, Greten TF, Galle PR, Seitz JF, Borbath I, Häussinger D, Giannaris T, Shan M, Moscovici M, Voliotis D, Bruix J. Sorafenib in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med 2008; 359: 378-390 [PMID: 18650514]
20. Cheng AL, Kang YK, Chen Z, Tsao CJ, Qin S, Kim JS, Luo R, Feng J, Ye S, Yang TS, Xu J, Sun Y, Liang H, Liu J, Wang J, Tak WY, Pan H, Burock K, Zou J, Voliotis D, Guan Z. Efficacy and safety of sorafenib in patients in the Asia-Pacific region with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a phase III randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Oncol 2009; 10: 25-34 [PMID: 19095497]
21. Chevret S, Trinchet JC, Mathieu D, Rached AA, Beaugrand M, Chastang C. A new prognostic classification for predicting survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Groupe d'Etude et de Traitement du Carcinome Hépatocellulaire. J Hepatol 1999; 31: 133-141 [PMID: 10424293]
22. Tateishi R, Yoshida H, Shiina S, Imamura H, Hasegawa K, Teratani T, Obi S, Sato S, Koike Y, Fujishima T, Makuuchi M, Omata M. Proposal of a new prognostic model for hepatocellular carcinoma: an analysis of 403 patients. Gut 2005; 54: 419-425 [PMID: 15710994]
23. Leung TW, Tang AM, Zee B, Lau WY, Lai PB, Leung KL, Lau JT, Yu SC, Johnson PJ. Construction of the Chinese University Prognostic Index for hepatocellular carcinoma and comparison with the TNM staging system, the Okuda staging system, and the Cancer of the Liver Italian Program staging system: a study based on 926 patients. Cancer 2002; 94: 1760-1769 [PMID: 11920539]
24. Kudo M, Chung H, Osaki Y. Prognostic staging system for hepatocellular carcinoma (CLIP score): its value and limitations, and a proposal for a new staging system, the Japan Integrated Staging Score (JIS score). J Gastroenterol 2003; 38: 207-215 [PMID: 12673442]
25. Villa E, Camellini L, Dugani A, Zucchi F, Grottola A, Merighi A, Buttafoco P, Losi L, Manenti F. Variant estrogen receptor messenger RNA species detected in human primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Res 1995; 55: 498-500 [PMID: 7834616]
26. Villa E, Colantoni A, Cammà C, Grottola A, Buttafoco P, Gelmini R, Ferretti I, Manenti F. Estrogen receptor classification for hepatocellular carcinoma: comparison with clinical staging systems. J Clin Oncol 2003; 21: 441-446 [PMID: 12560432]
27. Kaseb AO, Hassan MM, Lin E, Xiao L, Kumar V, Pathak P, Lozano R, Rashid A, Abbruzzese JL, Morris JS. V-CLIP: Integrating plasma vascular endothelial growth factor into a new scoring system to stratify patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma for clinical trials. Cancer 2011; 117: 2478-2488 [PMID: 24048796]
28. Kaseb AO, Morris JS, Hassan MM, Siddiqui AM, Lin E, Xiao L, Abdalla EK, Vauthey JN, Aloia TA, Krishnan S, Abbruzzese JL. Clinical and prognostic implications of plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2011; 29: 3892-3899 [PMID: 21911725]
29. Cho EJ, Lee JH, Yoo JJ, Choi WM, Lee MJ, Cho Y, Lee DH, Lee YB, Kwon JH, Yu SJ, Lee JM, Suh KS, Kim K, Kim YJ, Yoon JH, Kim CY, Lee HS. Serum insulin-like growth factor-I level is an independent predictor of recurrence and survival in early hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective cohort study. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19: 4218-4227 [PMID: 23757355 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-3443]
30. Kaseb AO, Abbruzzese JL, Vauthey JN, Aloia TA, Abdalla EK, Hassan MM, Lin E, Xiao L, El-Deeb AS, Rashid A, Morris JS. I-CLIP: improved stratification of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients by integrating plasma IGF-1 into CLIP score. Oncology 2011; 80: 373-381 [PMID: 21822028]
31. Sun H, Teng M, Liu J, Jin D, Wu J, Yan D, Fan J, Qin X, Tang H, Peng Z. FOXM1 expression predicts the prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma patients after orthotopic liver transplantation combined with the Milan criteria. Cancer Lett 2011; 306: 214-222 [PMID: 21482449]
32. Schmitz KJ, Sotiropoulos GC, Baba HA, Schmid KW, Müller D, Paul A, Auer T, Gamerith G, Loeffler-Ragg J. AKR1B10 expression is associated with less aggressive hepatocellular carcinoma: a clinicopathological study of 168 cases. Liver Int 2011; 31: 810-816 [PMID: 21645211]
33. Bruix J, Sherman M. Management of hepatocellular carcinoma: an update. Hepatology 2011; 53: 1020-1022 [PMID: 21374666]
34. Marrero JA, Fontana RJ, Barrat A, Askari F, Conjeevaram HS, Su GL, Lok AS. Prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: comparison of 7 staging systems in an American cohort. Hepatology 2005; 41: 707-716 [PMID: 15795889]
35. Kim BK, Kim SU, Park JY, Kim do Y, Ahn SH, Park MS, Kim EH, Seong J, Lee do Y, Han KH. Applicability of BCLC stage for prognostic stratification in comparison with other staging systems: single centre experience from long-term clinical outcomes of 1717 treatment-naïve patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int 2012; 32: 1120-1127 [PMID: 22524688 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2012.02811.x]
36. Hsu CY, Hsia CY, Huang YH, Su CW, Lin HC, Lee PC, Loong CC, Chiang JH, Huo TI, Lee SD. Selecting an optimal staging system for hepatocellular carcinoma: comparison of 5 currently used prognostic models. Cancer 2010; 116: 3006-3014 [PMID: 20564406 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.25044]
37. Cammà C, Di Marco V, Cabibbo G, Latteri F, Sandonato L, Parisi P, Enea M, Attanasio M, Galia M, Alessi N, Licata A, Latteri MA, Craxì A. Survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: a comparison of BCLC, CLIP and GRETCH staging systems. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008; 28: 62-75 [PMID: 18373636]
38. Lin CY, Kee KM, Wang JH, Lee CM, Chen CL, Changchien CS, Hu TH, Cheng YF, Hsu HC, Wang CC, Chen TY, Lu SN. Is the Cancer of the Liver Italian Program system an adequate weighting for survival of hepatocellular carcinoma? Evaluation of intrascore prognostic value among 36 subgroups. Liver Int 2009; 29: 74-81 [PMID: 18331238]
39. Grieco A, Pompili M, Caminiti G, Miele L, Covino M, Alfei B, Rapaccini GL, Gasbarrini G. Prognostic factors for survival in patients with early-intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing non-surgical therapy: comparison of Okuda, CLIP, and BCLC staging systems in a single Italian centre. Gut 2005; 54: 411-418 [PMID: 15710992]
40. Chen TW, Chu CM, Yu JC, Chen CJ, Chan DC, Liu YC, Hsieh CB. Comparison of clinical staging systems in predicting survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients receiving major or minor hepatectomy. Eur J Surg Oncol 2007; 33: 480-487 [PMID: 17129701]
41. Cillo U, Bassanello M, Vitale A, Grigoletto FA, Burra P, Fagiuoli S, D'Amico F, Ciarleglio FA, Boccagni P, Brolese A, Zanus G, D'Amico DF. The critical issue of hepatocellular carcinoma prognostic classification: which is the best tool available? J Hepatol 2004; 40: 124-131 [PMID: 14672623]
42. Georgiades CS, Liapi E, Frangakis C, Park JU, Kim HW, Hong K, Geschwind JF. Prognostic accuracy of 12 liver staging systems in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated with transarterial chemoembolization. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2006; 17: 1619-1624 [PMID: 17057003]
43. Huo TI, Huang YH. Staging for hepatocellular carcinoma: treatment strategy matters. Hepatology 2005; 41: 678; author reply 678-679 [PMID: 15723331]
44. Ryder S. Predicting survival in early hepatocellular carcinoma. Gut 2005; 54: 328-329 [PMID: 15710977]
45. Llovet JM, Bustamante J, Castells A, Vilana R, Ayuso Mdel C, Sala M, Brú C, Rodés J, Bruix J. Natural history of untreated nonsurgical hepatocellular carcinoma: rationale for the design and evaluation of therapeutic trials. Hepatology 1999; 29: 62-67 [PMID: 9862851]
46. Cescon M, Cucchetti A, Grazi GL, Ferrero A, Viganò L, Ercolani G, Zanello M, Ravaioli M, Capussotti L, Pinna AD. Indication of the extent of hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma on cirrhosis by a simple algorithm based on preoperative variables. Arch Surg 2009; 144: 57-63; discussion 63 [PMID: 19153326]
47. Ishizawa T, Hasegawa K, Aoki T, Takahashi M, Inoue Y, Sano K, Imamura H, Sugawara Y, Kokudo N, Makuuchi M. Neither multiple tumors nor portal hypertension are surgical contraindications for hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology 2008; 134: 1908-1916 [PMID: 18549877]
48. Cabibbo G, Latteri F, Antonucci M, Craxì A. Multimodal approaches to the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 6: 159-169 [PMID: 19190599 DOI: 10.1038/ncpgasthep1357]
49. Bolondi L, Cillo U, Colombo M, Craxì A, Farinati F, Giannini EG, Golfieri R, Levrero M, Pinna AD, Piscaglia F, Raimondo G, Trevisani F, Bruno R, Caraceni P, Ciancio A, Coco B, Fraquelli M, Rendina M, Squadrito G, Toniutto P. Position paper of the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver (AISF): the multidisciplinary clinical approach to hepatocellular carcinoma. Dig Liver Dis 2013; 45: 712-723 [PMID: 23769756 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2013.01.012]
50. Mazzaferro V, Romito R, Schiavo M, Mariani L, Camerini T, Bhoori S, Capussotti L, Calise F, Pellicci R, Belli G, Tagger A, Colombo M, Bonino F, Majno P, Llovet JM. Prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence with alpha-interferon after liver resection in HCV cirrhosis. Hepatology 2006; 44: 1543-1554 [PMID: 17133492]
51. Yao FY, Xiao L, Bass NM, Kerlan R, Ascher NL, Roberts JP. Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: validation of the UCSF-expanded criteria based on preoperative imaging. Am J Transplant 2007; 7: 2587-2596 [PMID: 17868066]
52. Cillo U, Vitale A, Volk ML, Frigo AC, Grigoletto F, Brolese A, Zanus G, D'Amico F, Farinati F, Burra P, Russo F, Angeli P, D'Amico DF. The survival benefit of liver transplantation in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Dig Liver Dis 2010; 42: 642-649 [PMID: 20381438]
53. Vitale A, Morales RR, Zanus G, Farinati F, Burra P, Angeli P, Frigo AC, Del Poggio P, Rapaccini G, Di Nolfo MA, Benvegnù L, Zoli M, Borzio F, Giannini EG, Caturelli E, Chiaramonte M, Trevisani F, Cillo U. Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging and transplant survival benefit for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicentre, cohort study. Lancet Oncol 2011; 12: 654-662 [PMID: 21684210]
54. Borzio M, Sacco R. Nonadherence to guidelines in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma: an Italian or universal phenomenon? Future Oncol 2013; 9: 465-467 [PMID: 23560367 DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.29]
55. Olthoff KM, Forner A, Hübscher S, Fung J. What is the best staging system for hepatocellular carcinoma in the setting of liver transplantation? Liver Transpl 2011; 17 Suppl 2: S26-S33 [PMID: 21656653 DOI: 10.1002/lt.22352]
56. Cabibbo G, Genco C, Di Marco V, Barbara M, Enea M, Parisi P, Brancatelli G, Romano P, Craxì A, Cammà C. Predicting survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated by transarterial chemoembolisation. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 34: 196-204 [PMID: 21564144]
57. Cammà C, Cabibbo G. Prognostic scores for hepatocellular carcinoma: none is the winner. Liver Int 2009; 29: 478-480 [PMID: 19323777]
58. Levy I, Sherman M. Staging of hepatocellular carcinoma: assessment of the CLIP, Okuda, and Child-Pugh staging systems in a cohort of 257 patients in Toronto. Gut 2002; 50: 881-885 [PMID: 12010894]
59. Kudo M, Chung H, Haji S, Osaki Y, Oka H, Seki T, Kasugai H, Sasaki Y, Matsunaga T. Validation of a new prognostic staging system for hepatocellular carcinoma: the JIS score compared with the CLIP score. Hepatology 2004; 40: 1396-1405 [PMID: 15565571]
60. Nanashima A, Omagari K, Tobinaga S, Shibata K, Sumida Y, Mine M, Morino S, Shibasaki S, Ide N, Shindou H, Nagayasu T. Comparative study of survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma predicted by different staging systems using multivariate analysis. Eur J Surg Oncol 2005; 31: 882-890 [PMID: 15993031]
61. Huang YH, Chen CH, Chang TT, Chen SC, Wang SY, Lee HS, Lin PW, Huang GT, Sheu JC, Tsai HM, Lee PC, Chau GY, Lui WY, Lee SD, Wu JC. Evaluation of predictive value of CLIP, Okuda, TNM and JIS staging systems for hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing surgery. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005; 20: 765-771 [PMID: 15853992]
62. Toyoda H, Kumada T, Kiriyama S, Sone Y, Tanikawa M, Hisanaga Y, Yamaguchi A, Isogai M, Kaneoka Y, Washizu J. Comparison of the usefulness of three staging systems for hepatocellular carcinoma (CLIP, BCLC, and JIS) in Japan. Am J Gastroenterol 2005; 100: 1764-1771 [PMID: 16086713]
63. Pascual S, Zapater P, Such J, García-Herola A, Sempere L, Irurzun J, Palazón JM, Carnicer F, Pérez-Mateo M. Comparison of staging systems to predict survival in hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int 2006; 26: 673-679 [PMID: 16842323]
64. Cillo U, Vitale A, Grigoletto F, Farinati F, Brolese A, Zanus G, Neri D, Boccagni P, Srsen N, D'Amico F, Ciarleglio FA, Bridda A, D'Amico DF. Prospective validation of the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging system. J Hepatol 2006; 44: 723-731 [PMID: 16488051]
65. Nanashima A, Sumida Y, Abo T, Shindou H, Fukuoka H, Takeshita H, Hidaka S, Tanaka K, Sawai T, Yasutake T, Nagayasu T, Omagari K, Mine M. Modified Japan Integrated Staging is currently the best available staging system for hepatocellular carcinoma patients who have undergone hepatectomy. J Gastroenterol 2006; 41: 250-256 [PMID: 16699859]
66. Kondo K, Chijiiwa K, Nagano M, Hiyoshi M, Kai M, Maehara N, Ohuchida J, Nakao H, Ohkuwa Y. Comparison of seven prognostic staging systems in patients who undergo hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatogastroenterology 2007; 54: 1534-1538 [PMID: 17708292]
67. Seong J, Shim SJ, Lee IJ, Han KH, Chon CY, Ahn SH. Evaluation of the prognostic value of Okuda, Cancer of the Liver Italian Program, and Japan Integrated Staging systems for hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007; 67: 1037-1042 [PMID: 17234356]
68. Huo TI, Lin HC, Hsia CY, Wu JC, Lee PC, Chi CW, Lee SD. The model for end-stage liver disease based cancer staging systems are better prognostic models for hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective sequential survey. Am J Gastroenterol 2007; 102: 1920-1930 [PMID: 17573792]
69. Guglielmi A, Ruzzenente A, Pachera S, Valdegamberi A, Sandri M, D'Onofrio M, Iacono C. Comparison of seven staging systems in cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in a cohort of patients who underwent radiofrequency ablation with complete response. Am J Gastroenterol 2008; 103: 597-604 [PMID: 17970836]
70. Collette S, Bonnetain F, Paoletti X, Doffoel M, Bouché O, Raoul JL, Rougier P, Masskouri F, Bedenne L, Barbare JC. Prognosis of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: comparison of three staging systems in two French clinical trials. Ann Oncol 2008; 19: 1117-1126 [PMID: 18303031 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/ mdn030]
71. Lu W, Dong J, Huang Z, Guo D, Liu Y, Shi S. Comparison of four current staging systems for Chinese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing curative resection: Okuda, CLIP, TNM and CUPI. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 23: 1874-1878 [PMID: 18752560 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2008.05527.x]
72. Chung H, Kudo M, Takahashi S, Hagiwara S, Sakaguchi Y, Inoue T, Minami Y, Ueshima K, Fukunaga T, Matsunaga T. Comparison of three current staging systems for hepatocellular carcinoma: Japan integrated staging score, new Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging classification, and Tokyo score. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 23: 445-452 [PMID: 17683486]
73. den Winkel M, Nagel D, Sappl J, op den Winkel P, Lamerz R, Zech CJ, Straub G, Nickel T, Rentsch M, Stieber P, Göke B, Kolligs FT. Prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Validation and ranking of established stagingsystems in a large western HCC-cohort. PLoS One 2012; 7: e45066 [PMID: 23071507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045066]