Crystallization of poly(ε-caprolactone)/MWCNT composites: A combined SAXS/WAXS, electrical and thermal conductivity study

Polymer

Volumn 55, Issue 9, 2014, Pages 2220-2232

  Wurm, Andreas ^a   Lellinger, Dirk ^b   Minakov, Alexander A ^a   Skipa, Tetyana ^b   Pötschke, Petra ^c   Nicula, Radu ^d   Alig, Ingo ^b   Schick, Christoph ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ROSTOCK   (Germany)

^b FRAUNHOFER INSTITUTE FOR STRUCTURAL DURABILITY AND SYSTEM RELIABILITY LBF   (Germany)

^c LEIBNIZ INSTITUTE OF POLYMER RESEARCH DRESDEN   (Germany)

^d SWISS FEDERAL LABORATORIES FOR MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Crystallization; MWCNT polycaprolactone composites; Thermal and electrical properties

Indexed keywords

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; CRYSTALLINITY; CRYSTALLIZATION; CRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS; ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENT; HEAT TRANSFER; ISOTHERMS; MELTING; NANOTUBES; NUCLEATION; THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY;

DEGREE OF CRYSTALLINITY; ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENTS; HETEROGENEOUS NUCLEATION; ISOTHERMAL CRYSTALLIZATION; MULTIWALLED CARBON NANOTUBE (MWCNTS); NONISOTHERMAL CRYSTALLIZATION; POLY (EPSILONCAPROLACTONE); THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES;

MULTIWALLED CARBON NANOTUBES (MWCN);

EID: 84898860965     PISSN: 00323861     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.02.069     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Y.P. Mamunya, V.V. Davydenko, P. Pissis, and E.V. Lebedev Electrical and thermal conductivity of polymers filled with metal powders Eur Polym J 38 9 2002 1887 1897 (Pubitemid 34715811)
2. V.N. Popov Carbon nanotubes: properties and application Mater Sci Eng R 43 2004 61 102
3. J.N. Coleman, S. Curran, A.B. Dalton, A.P. Davey, B. McCarthy, and W. Blau et al. Percolation-dominated conductivity in a conjugated-polymer-carbon- nanotube composite Phys Rev B Condens Matter Mater Phys 58 12 1998 R7492 R7495
4. P. Pötschke, S.M. Dudkin, and I. Alig Dielectric spectroscopy on melt processed polycarbonate - multiwalled carbon nanotube composites Polymer 44 17 2003 5023 5030 (Pubitemid 36899591)
5. J.K.W. Sandler, J.E. Kirk, I.A. Kinloch, M.S.P. Shaffer, and A.H. Windle Ultra-low electrical percolation threshold in carbon-nanotube-epoxy composites Polymer 44 19 2003 5893 5899 (Pubitemid 37046096)
6. I. Alig, D. Lellinger, S.M. Dudkin, and P. Pötschke Conductivity spectroscopy on melt processed polypropylene-multiwalled carbon nanotube composites: recovery after shear and crystallization Polymer 48 2007 1020 1029 (Pubitemid 46177128)
7. I. Alig, P. Pötschke, D. Lellinger, T. Skipa, S. Pegel, and G.R. Kasaliwal et al. Establishment, morphology and properties of carbon nanotube networks in polymer melts Polymer 53 1 2012 4 28
8. S.B. Kharchenko, J.F. Douglas, J. Obrzut, E.A. Grulke, and K.B. Migler Flow-induced properties of nanotube-filled polymer materials Nat Mater 3 8 2004 564 568
9. M. Terrones Science and technology of the twenty-first century: synthesis, properties, and applications of carbon nanotubes ChemInform 35 16 2004
10. R.H. Baughman, A.A. Zakhidov, and W.A. de Heer Carbon nanotubes - the route toward applications Science 297 2002 787 792 (Pubitemid 34845917)
11. B. Mayoral, P.R. Hornsby, T. McNally, T.L. Schiller, K. Jack, and D.J. Martin Quasi-solid state uniaxial and biaxial deformation of PET/MWCNT composites: structural evolution, electrical and mechanical properties RSC Adv 3 2013 5162 5183
12. A.V. Kyrylyuk, and P. van der Schoot Continuum percolation of carbon nanotubes in polymeric and colloidal media Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105 24 2008 8221 8226 (Pubitemid 351904738)
13. P. Pötschke, M. Abdel-Goad, I. Alig, S. Dudkin, and D. Lellinger Rheological and dielectrical characterization of melt mixed polycarbonate- multiwalled carbon nanotube composites Polymer 45 2004 8863 8870 (Pubitemid 39550620)
14. R. Haggenmueller, J.E. Fisher, and K.I. Winey Single wall carbon nanotube/polyethylene nanocomposites: nucleating and templating polyethylene crystallites Macromolecules 39 8 2006 2964 2971
15. A.R. Bhattacharyya, T.V. Sreekumar, T. Liu, S. Kumar, L.M. Ericson, and R.H. Hauge et al. Crystallization and orientation studies in polypropylene/single wall carbon nanotube composite Polymer 44 2003 2373 2377 (Pubitemid 36362352)
16. E. Assouline, A. Lustiger, A.H. Barber, C.A. Cooper, E. Klein, and E. Wachtel et al. Nucleation ability of multiwall carbon nanotubes in polypropylene composites J Polym Sci B Polym Phys Edn 41 5 2003 520 527
17. O. Probst, E.M. Moore, D.E. Resasco, and B.P. Grady Nucleation of polyvinyl alcohol crystallization by single-walled carbon nanotubes Polymer 45 2004 4437 4443 (Pubitemid 38680646)
18. M.L. Minus, H.G. Chae, and S. Kumar Single wall carbon nanotube templated oriented crystallization of poly(vinyl alcohol) Polymer 47 11 2006 3705 3710 (Pubitemid 43767384)
19. C.A. Mitchell, and R. Krishnamoorti Non-isothermal crystallization of in situ polymerized poly(3-caprolactone) functionalized-SWNT nanocomposites Polymer 46 20 2005 8796 8804 (Pubitemid 41231702)
20. K.P. Ryan, S.M. Lipson, A. Drury, M. Cadek, M. Ruether, and S.M. O'Flaherty et al. Carbon-nanotube nucleated crystallinity in a conjugated polymer based composite Chem Phys Lett 391 4-6 2004 329 333
21. S.P. Bao, and S.C. Tjong Mechanical behaviors of polypropylene/carbon nanotube nanocomposites: the effects of loading rate and temperature Mater Sci Eng 485 1-2 2008 508 516 (Pubitemid 351524676)
22. Y. Gao, Y. Wang, J. Shi, H. Bai, and B. Song Functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes improve nonisothermal crystallization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) Polym Test 27 2 2008 179 188 (Pubitemid 351329401)
23. A.A. Anand, U.S. Agarwal, and R. Joseph Carbon nanotubes induced crystallization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) Polymer 47 2006 3976 3980 (Pubitemid 43767385)
24. E.-C. Chen, and T.-M. Wu Isothermal crystallization kinetics and thermal behavior of poly([var epsilon]-caprolactone)/multi-walled carbon nanotube composites Polym Degrad Stab 92 6 2007 1009 1015 (Pubitemid 46734331)
25. H.W. Goh, S.W. Goh, G.Q. Xu, K.P. Pramoda, and W.D. Zhang Crystallization and dynamic mechanical behavior of double-C60-end-capped poly(ethylene oxide)/multi-walled carbon nanotube composites Chem Phys Lett 379 3-4 2003 236 241
26. T. Chatterjee, K. Yurekli, V.G. Hadjiev, and R. Krishnamoorti Single-walled carbon nanotube dispersions in poly(ethylene oxide) Adv Funct Mater 15 11 2005 1832 1838 (Pubitemid 41609645)
27. J. Jin, M. Song, and F. Pan A DSC study of effect of carbon nanotubes on crystallisation behaviour of poly(ethylene oxide) Thermochim Acta 456 1 2007 25 31 (Pubitemid 46436095)
28. A.J. Müller, M.L. Arnal, M. Trujillo, and A.T. Lorenzo Super-nucleation in nanocomposites and confinement effects on the crystallizable components within block copolymers, miktoarm star copolymers and nanocomposites Eur Polym J 47 4 2011 614 629
29. A.-C. Brosse, S. Tencé-Girault, P.M. Piccione, and L. Leibler Effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the lamellae morphology of polyamide-6 Polymer 49 2008 4680 4686
30. I. Alig, P. Pötschke, S. Pegel, S. Dudkin, and D. Lellinger Plastic composites containing carbon nanotubes: optimization of processing conditions and properties Rubber Fibers Plastics 3 2 2008 280
31. B.P. Grady, F. Pompeo, R.L. Shambaugh, and D.E. Resasco Nucleation of polypropylene crystallization by single-walled carbon nanotubes J Phys Chem B 106 23 2002 5852 5858 (Pubitemid 35281829)
32. E.D. Laird, and C.Y. Li Structure and morphology control in crystalline polymer-carbon nanotube nanocomposites Macromolecules 46 8 2013 2877 2891
33. D. Bikiaris Microstructure and properties of polypropylene/carbon nanotube nanocomposites Materials 3 2010 2884 2946
34. B.P. Grady Effects of carbon nanotubes on polymer physics J Polym Sci Part B Polym Phys 50 9 2012 591 623
35. Y. Xu, W. Zheng, W. Yu, L. Hua, Y. Zhang, and Z. Zhao Crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposites Chem Res Chin Univ 26 3 2010 491 495
36. M. Cadek, J.N. Coleman, K.P. Ryan, V. Nicolosi, G. Bister, and A. Fonseca et al. Reinforcement of polymers with carbon nanotubes: the role of nanotube surface area Nano Lett 4 2 2004 353 356 (Pubitemid 38292916)
37. M.-K. Seo, J.-R. Lee, and S.-J. Park Crystallization kinetics and interfacial behaviors of polypropylene composites reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes Mater Sci Eng A 404 1-2 2005 79 84 (Pubitemid 41179305)
38. S.L. Kodjie, L. Li, B. Li, W. Cai, C.Y. Li, and M. Keating Morphology and crystallization behavior of HDPE/CNT nanocomposite J Macromol Sci B 45 2006 231 245
39. J. Masuda, and J.M. Torkelson Dispersion and major property enhancements in polymer/multiwall carbon nanotube nanocomposites via solid-state shear pulverization followed by melt mixing Macromolecules 41 2008 5974 5977
40. M. Wang, J.-H. Shi, K.P. Pramoda, and S.H. Goh Microstructure, crystallization and dynamic mechanical behaviour of poly(vinylidene fluoride) composites containing poly(methyl methacrylate)-grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes Nanotechnology 18 23 2007 235701
41. M. Ganß, B.K. Satapathy, M. Thunga, R. Weidisch, P. Pötschke, and D. Jehnichen Structural interpretations of deformation and fracture behavior of polypropylene/multi-walled carbon nanotube composites Acta Mater 56 10 2008 2247 2261
42. K. Lu, N. Grossiord, C.E. Koning, H.E. Miltner, B. van Mele, and J. Loos Carbon nanotube/isotactic polypropylene composites prepared by latex technology: morphology analysis of CNT-induced nucleation Macromolecules 41 2008 8081 8085
43. S.A. Nanocyl Data sheet Nanocyl 7000 Edition 2007-02-05 2007
44. A. Wurm, A.A. Minakov, and C. Schick Simultaneous calorimetric, dielectric, and SAXS/WAXS experiments during polymer crystallization T.A. Ezquerra, Lecture Notes in Physics 2009 Springer Berlin/Heidelberg 217 230
45. A. Wurm, A.A. Minakov, and C. Schick Combining X-ray scattering with dielectric and calorimetric experiments for monitoring polymer crystallization Eur Polym J 45 2009 3282 3291
46. A.A. Minakov, Y.V. Bugoslavsky, and C. Schick Improvement of AC calorimetry for simultaneous measurements of heat capacity and thermal conductivity of polymers Thermochim Acta 317 2 1998 117 131 (Pubitemid 128351309)
47. A.A. Minakov, S.A. Adamovsky, and C. Schick Advanced two-channel AC calorimeter for simultaneous measurements of complex heat capacity and complex thermal conductivity Thermochim Acta 403 1 2003 89 103
48. T. Kurihara, J. Morikawa, and T. Hashimoto Measurement of the thermal diffusivity of thin films by an AC joule-heating method Int J Thermophys 18 2 1997 505 513 (Pubitemid 127723048)
49. A. Wurm, R. Soliman, J.G.P. Goossens, W. Bras, and C. Schick Evidence of pre-crystalline-order in super-cooled polymer melts revealed from simultaneous dielectric spectroscopy and SAXS J Non Cryst Solids 351 2005 2773 2779 (Pubitemid 41252525)
50. I. Alig, S.M. Dudkin, W. Jenninger, and M. Marzantowicz Ac conductivity and dielectric permittivity of poly(ethylene glycol) during crystallization: percolation picture Polymer 47 2006 1722 1731 (Pubitemid 43239600)
51. I. Alig, T. Skipa, M. Engel, D. Lellinger, S. Pegel, and P. Pötschke Electrical conductivity recovery in carbon nanotube-polymer composites after transient shear Phys Status Solid (B) 244 2007 4223 4226
52. I. Alig, T. Skipa, D. Lellinger, and P. Pötschke Destruction and formation of a carbon nanotube network in polymer melts: rheology and conductivity spectroscopy Polymer 49 16 2008 3524 3532
53. A.P. Hammersley FIT2D: an introduction and overview ESRF Internal Report 1997 225 ESRF97HA02T
54. G. Strobl The physics of polymers Concepts for understanding their structures and behavior 3rd ed. 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg 518
55. W.Y. Yam, J. Ismail, H.W. Kammer, H. Schmidt, and C. Kummerlöwe Polymer blends of poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(vinyl methyl ether) - thermal properties and morphology Polymer 40 1999 5545 5552 (Pubitemid 29339385)
56. B. Wunderlich The athas database on heat capacities of polymers Pure Appl Chem 67 6 1995 1019 1026 see on WWW URL http://athas.prz.edu.pl/Default.aspx? op=db
57. B. Heck, T. Hugel, M. Iijima, E. Sadiko, and G. Strobl Steps in the transition of an entangled polymer melt to the partially crystalline state New J Phys 1 1999 17.1 17.29
58. B. Wunderlich Crystal nucleation, growth, annealing Macromolecular Physics vol. 2 1976 Academic Press New York
59. A. Wurm, and C. Schick Development of thermal stability of polymer crystals during isothermal crystallisation e-Polymers 24 2002 1 15
60. G. Strobl From the melt via mesomorphic and granular crystalline layers to lamellar crystallites: a major route followed in polymer crystallization? Eur Phys J E 3 2 2000 165 183
61. P. Kohn, and G. Strobl Continuous changes in the inner order of the crystalline lamellae during isothermal crystallization of poly(ε- caprolactone) Macromolecules 37 2004 6823 6826
62. U.W. Gedde Polymer physics 1995 Chapman and Hall London, Glasgow, Weinheim, New York, Tokyo, Melbourne, Madras 20 69
63. Z. Han, and A. Fina Thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes and their polymer nanocomposites: a review Prog Polym Sci 36 7 2011 914 944
64. E. Zhuravlev, A. Wurm, P. Pötschke, R. Androsch, J.W.P. Schmelzer, and C. Schick Kinetics of nucleation and crystallization of poly(ε- caprolactone) - multiwalled carbon nanotube composites Eur Polym J 52 2014 1 11