Natural fats and oils

RSC Green Chemistry

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 167-237

  Hill, Karlheinz ^a   Höfer, Rainer ^a  

^a Department of Intellectual Capital   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84898758923     PISSN: 17577039     EISSN: 17577047     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (214)

1. H. Schönfeld, ed., Chemie und Technologie der Fette und Fettprodukte, Verl. Julius Springer, Wien, 1936;
2. M. Bockisch, Fats and Oils Handbook, updated and revised translation of the original German work, AOCS Press, Champaign, 1998;
3. F. Shahidi, ed., Bailey's Industrial Oil and Fat Products, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, 6th edn, 2005;
4. M. P. Malveda, R. Gubler, K. Yagi, Fats and Oils Industry Overview, Chemical Economics Handbook - SRI Consulting, 2005;
5. J.-O. Lidefelt, ed., Handbook of Vegetable Oils and Fats, AAK AB, Karlshamn, 2nd edn, 2007;
6. A. Thomas, in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 7th edn, 2007.
7. J. H. Clark, V. Budarin, F. E. I. Deswarte, J. E. Hardy, F. M. Kerton, A. J. Hunt, R. Luque, D. J. Macquarrie, K. Milkowski, A. Rodriguez, O. Samuel, S. J. Tavener, R. J. White and A. J. Wilson, Green Chem., 2006, 8, 853;
8. B. Kamm, P. R. Gruber and M. Kamm, ed., Biorefineries - Industrial Processes and Products, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2006.
9. S. Erkman, vers une écologie industrielle, ed. Charles Léopold Mayer - La librairie FPH, Paris, 1998;
10. D. T. Allen and D. R. Shonnard, Green Engineering, Prentice Hall PTR, Upper Saddle River, 2002;
11. M. M. Srivasatava and R. Sanghi, ed., Chemistry for Green Environment, Narosa Publ., New Delhi, 2005.
12. G. Hatje, in Oil Crops of the World, ed. G. Röbbelen, R. K. Downey and A. Ashri, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1989, p. 1.
13. F. Bohmert, Vom Fang der Wale zum Schutz der Wale, Schriften des Werksarchivs der Henkel KGaA, Bd. 14, Düsseldorf, 1982.
14. R. A. Caulfield, Greenlander, Whales, and Whaling: Sustainability and Self-determination in the Arctic, Dartmouth College, University Press of New England, Hanover, 1997.
15. J. Diamond, Collapse, Penguin Books, London, 2005.
16. B. S. Mielke, Fett Wiss. Techn. Fat Sci Techn., 1987, 89, 99;
17. ISTA Mielke GmbH, ed., Oil World Annual 2007, vol. 1, Hamburg, 2007;
18. ISTA Mielke GmbH, ed., Oil World Annual 2008, vol. 1, Hamburg, 2008.
19. R. Gubler, Biodiesel, ed. SRI Consulting, CEH Marketing Research Report, Nov. 2006.
20. S. Hansen, 6th European Motor BioFuels Forum, Rotterdam, 2008.
21. J.-P. Langellier, Le Brésil devient un pays créditeur après deux siècles d'endettement, Le Monde (27. Février 2008);
22. Banco Central do Brazil, Focus-BC Report: Brazilian External Sustainability Indicators - Recent Evolution (2/29/2008), http://www.bcb.gov. br (retrieved 05.03.2008).
23. Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply, Plano Nacional de Agroenergia/Brazilian agroenergy plan 2006-2011, Embrapa Publ., Brasília, 2006, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/topics/docs/brazil.govt. agroenergyplan2006- 2011.eng.pdf.
24. Y. Basiron, Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol., 2007, 109, 289.
25. S. Trent, ed., The Politics of Extinction, Environmental Information Agency/Telapak, London, 1998; http://www.eia-international.org/old-reports/ Forests/Indonesia/PolExtinction/intro.html.
26. R. Carrere, Gen. Coordination, The Bitter Fruit of Oil Palm: Dispossession and Deforestation, World Rainforest Movement, Montevideo, 2001, www.wrm.org.uy/plantations/material/OilPalm.pdf (retrieved 06.03.2008).
27. Main worldwide oil transportation routes, http://www.black-tides.com/uk/ oil/transport-oil/main-oil-transport-routes.php.
28. Worldwatch Institute, Biofuels for Transport, German Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection, ed., Earthscan, London, Sterling, 2007.
29. http://www.unhchr.ch/development/governance.html.
30. S. Hansen and K. Ahti, Rabobank, private communication.
31. R. Höfer and J. Bigorra, Green Chem., 2007, 9, 203.
32. European Commission, Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in the Food, Drink and Milk Industries, August 2006;
33. IFC, Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines Plantation Crop Production, April 30, 2007;
34. IFC, Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines for Vegetable Oil Processing, April 30, 2007.
35. E. Ferchau, Equipment for decentralized cold pressing of oil seeds, http://www.folkecenter.dk/plant-oil (retrieved 21.04.2008).
36. K. Dahlke, Oléagineux, Corps Gras, Lipides, 1997, 4(1), 55.
37. H. C. Holm, Novozymes, private communication; http://www.novozymes.com/ NR/rdonlyres/66481D20-BE7E-4C12-ADD2-DC2C3E4D53CD/0/degumming.swf (retrieved 02.05.2008);
38. C. L. G. Dayton, K. P. Staller and T. L. Berkshire, WO 2005063950, 2004 (Bunge Oils).
39. M. M. Prieto, J. C. Bada, M. Leon-Camacho and E. Graciani Constante, Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Tech., 2008, 110(2), 91;
40. W. De Greyt, Deodorization and physical refining, IUPAC-AOCS Workshop on fats, oils & oilseeds analyses & production, Tunis (2004).
41. W. Normann, DRP 141 029, 1902 (Herforder Maschinenfett und Ölfabrik Leprince & Siveke);
42. W. Normann, Chemiker Zeitung, 1937, 61, 20.
43. R. L. Earle and M. D. Earle, Unit Operations in Food Processing - the Web Edition, http://www.nzifst.org.nz/unitoperations.
44. R. Jost, in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, published online: 15 July, 2007.
45. J. C. Castilla and O. Defeo, Science, 26 August 2005, 309(5739), 1324c;
46. H. Mathies, kontinente, 4-2009, 14, 06; www.msc.org.
47. R. Froese, A. Stern-Pirlot, H. Winkler and D. Gascuel, Fish. Res., 2008, 92, 231.
48. L. Jeromin, W. Johannisbauer, B. Gutsche, V. Jordan and H. Wogatzki, EP 0656894, 1993 (Henkel).
49. S. Both, T. Alexandre, B. Gutsche, J. Kray, C. Beverungen and R. Eickenberg, US 7 091 012, 2006 (Cognis).
50. S. Sato, H. J. Sousa Sales, H. Peloggia, P. Kempers, S. Both and U. Schörken, WO 2004/080 942, 2004 (Cognis).
51. S. Puleo and T. P. Rit, Lipid Technol., July/Aug. 1992, 82-90;
52. U. Wolfmeier, H. Schmidt, F.-L. Heinrichs, G. Michalczyk, W. Payer, W. Dietsche, K. Boehlke, G. Hohner and J. Wildgruber, in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2002.
53. S. R. Padgette, K. H. Kolacz, X. Delannay, D. B. Re, B. J. La Vallee, C. N. Tinius, W. K. Rhodes, Y. I. Otero, G. F. Barry, D. A. Eichholtz, V. M. Peschke, D. L. Nida, N. B. Taylor and G. M. Kishore, Crop Science, 1995, 35(5), 1451;
54. J. Carpenter and L. Gianessi, AgBioForum, 1999, 2(2), 65.
55. T. Funke, H. Han, M. L. Healy-Fried, M. Fischer and E. Schönbrunn, 2006, PNAS, 103, 13010;
56. L. Moran, The Molecular Basis of Roundups Resistance, http://sandwalk.blogspot.com/2007/03/molecular-basis-ofroundupresistance.html (retrieved 09.07.2008).
57. J. E. Carpenter and L. P. Gianessi, Agricultural Biotechnology: Updated Benefit Estimates, NCFAP Reports, January 2001, www.ncfap.org/pubs.htm;
58. S. Bonny, Agron. Sustain. Dev., 2007, 28.
59. GVO-Zulassungen nach EU-Recht: Stand der Dinge, Press Release 04/17 (28/01/2004), http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction. do?reference1/4 MEMO/04/17&format1/4HTML&aged1/40&language1/4DE&guiLanguage 1/4en (retrieved 07.05.2008).
60. Anonymous, Tetraconazole: a Success Story, ISAGRO Focus, February 2005.
61. Y. Dersjant-Li, in Memorias del VI Simposium Internacional de Nutrición Acuícola, ed. L. E. Cruz-Suárez, D. Ricque-Marie, M. Tapia-Salazar, M. G. Gaxiola-Cortés and N. Simoes, Cancún, 2002;
62. A. Allodi, Sustainability - European Aquaculture Perspectives: Will feed be a bottleneck? FAO/FEAP Joint Workshop, Rome, 2007.
63. M. Fitzpatrick, Soybean Use and Trends 2001-2006, U. S. Meat Export Federation, October 30, 2007, www.usmef.org/TradeLibrary/files/07-1030-Soybeans. pps (retrieved 07.05.2008).
64. R. H. V. Corley and P. B. Tinker, The Oil Palm, Blackwell, Oxford, 2003.
65. C. F. Rober and S. Menon, Trade and Environment Dimensions in the Food and Food Processing Industries in Asia and the Pacific, http://www.un-trade- environment.org/documents/asia/study%20paper/ Case%20study%20Palm%20oil%20Malaysia.pdf (retrieved 15.05.2008).
66. Y. M. Choo, C. W. Puah and M. BasriWahid, Outlook of Palm Biodiesel in Malaysia, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 2007;
67. Y. M. Choo, H. L. N. Lau and C. L. Yung, Biodiesel Standard Development in Malaysia & Impacts of Palm Biodiesel on Engines and Emissions, www.tistr.or.th/APEC-website/APEC-pdfs/A-9-Dr.%20Choo-Bangkok-APEC%20- %2025%20Oct% 202007.pdf (retrieved 14.05.2008).
68. O. Ong'wen and S. Wright, Small Farmers and the Future of Sustainable Agriculture, Ecofair Trade Dialogue Discussion Papers, No. 7, March 2007.
69. R. Butler, Malaysian palm oil industry puts sustainability in the spotlight, mongabay.com, April 17, 2008.
70. Working Group on Developing Sustainability Criteria and Standards for the Cultivation of Biomass used for Biofuels, Compilations of existing certification schemes, policy measures, ongoing initiatives and crops used for bioenergy, 2007, http://www.uneptie.org/energy/act/bio/doc/Working% 20Paper-Developing%20Standards%20and%20Criteria%20for%20 Biomass%20Production- June%202007.pdf.
71. RSPO Certification Systems - Final document, June 2007, http://www.rspo.org/RSPO-Certification-Scheme-for-Sustainable-Palm-Oil-Launched- at-RT5.aspx;
72. M. Salleh, Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) and the Supply Chain, PORAM FORUM 2007, http://www.poram.org.my/database/Dato%20Mamat%20Salleh. pdf.
73. RSPO, Principles and Criteria for Sustainable Palm Oil Production, October 2007, http://www.rspo.org/resource-centre/RSPO%20Principles% 20&%20Criteria%20Document.pdf.
74. M. W. Vis, J. Vos and D. Van Den Berg, Sustainability Criteria and Certification Systems for Biomass Production - Final Report, Report Nr. 1386, btg, Enschede (2008).
75. A. Mohd Nasir, Oil Palm Industry Economic Journal, 2003, 3(2), 21.
76. W. Stein, JAOCS, 1968, 45(6), 471;
77. L. Jeromin, N. Bremus, G. Friederici and P. Pfeiffer, US 3950371, 1974 (Henkel);
78. E. Deffense, JAOCS, 1985, 62(2), 376;
79. O. Zaliha, C. L. Chong, C. S. Cheow, A. R. Norizzah and M. J. Kellens, Food Chem., June 2004, 86(2), 245;
80. M. Kellens, V. Gibon, M. Hendrix and W. De Greyt, Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol., 2007, 109, 336.
81. K. Poku, Small-Scale Palm Oil Processing in Africa, FAO Agricultural Services Bulletin 148, Rome, 2002;
82. N. Thomma, Migros World Tour, 2002, 118.
83. Y. Basiron and K. W. Chan, J. Oil Palm Research, June 2004, 16(1), 1.
84. D. Reed, Urethanes Technology, Oct./Nov. 2003, 20(5), 41;
85. K. S. Norin Zamiah, T. L. Ooi, A. Salmiah, J. Oil Palm Research, June 2006, 18, 198.
86. Y. Akaike, JAOCS, 62, February 1985, (2), 335.
87. Y. M. Choo, A. N. Ma, K. W. Chan and Y. Basiron, J. Oil Palm Research, June 2005, 17, 47.
88. K. Schmid, H. Baumann, W. Stein and H. Dolhaine, in Proceedings of the World Surfactants Congress, München, vol. II, Kürle, Gelnhausen, 1984, p. 105;
89. B. Fabry, U. Kratzel, W. Schmidt and G. Kreienfeld, EP 0524996, 1991 (Henkel);
90. A. E. Sherry, B. E. Chapman, M. T. Creedon, J. M. Jordan and R. L. Moese, JAOCS, 1995, 72(7), 835;
91. S. Ahrnad and Y. Basiron, All Business, March 1, 2003;
92. W. B. Sheats, N. C. Foster, Concentrated Products from Methyl Ester Sulfonates, Published Papers, 2007 (Chemithon).
93. B. Tan and M. H. Saleh, US 5 157 132, 1990 (Carotech);
94. Y. A. Tan, R. Sambanthamurthi, K. Sundram and M. B. Wahid, Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol., 2007, 109, 380.
95. F. L. Jackson and H. E. Longenecker, Oil & Soap, March 1944, 74;
96. K. S. Markley, Economic Botany, 1971, 25(3), 267;
97. Babassu Breakers, http://www.tve.org/ho/doc.cfm?aid1/4912 (retrieved 03.06.2008).
98. R. Kleiman, in Advances in New Crops, ed. J. Janick and J. E. Simon, Timber Press, Portland, 1990, p. 196.
99. R. K. Downey, in Agricultural Biotechnology: Economic Growth Through New Products, Partnerships and Workforce Development, ed. A. Eaglesham and R. W. F. Hardy, NABC Report 18, 2006, http://nabc.cals. cornell.edu/pubs/nabc-18/NABC18- Downey.pdf (retrieved 11.02.2008).
100. E. L. Ashton, J. D. Best and M. J. Ball, J. Am. Coll. Nutr., 2001, 20(4), 320;
101. A. Allman-Farinelli, K. Gomes, E. J. Favaloro and R. A. Petocz, JADA, July 2005, 105(7), 1071.
102. L. W. Kleingartner, in Trends in New Crops and New Uses, ed. J. Janick and A. Whipkey, ASHS Press, Alexandria, 2002.
103. A. Westfechtel, in Nachwachsende Rohstoffe für die Chemie, Schriftenreihe Nachwachsende Rohstoffe, Bd. 18, Landwirtschaftsverlag, Münster, 2001, p. 297;
104. G. P. Vannozzi, HELIA, 2006, 29(44), 1.
105. S. Z. Erhan, M. O. Bagby and H. W. Cunningham, JAOCS, 1992, 69(3), 195;
106. R. Höfer and M. Fies, Paintindia, 2001, 51(11), 65;
107. J. Baro and P. Bene, Farbe Und Lack, 10/2007, 113, 42.
108. R. Höfer, F. Jost, M. J. Schwuger, R. Scharf, J. Geke, J. Kresse, H. Lingmann, R. Veitenhansl and W. Erwied, in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, A11, VCH Weinheim, 1988, p. 456;
109. M. J. Owen, in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, John Wiley & Sons, Article Online Posting, 2001, p. 236.
110. E. Shaaya, M. Kostjukovski, J. Eilberg and C. Sukprakarn, J. Stored Prod. Res., 1997, 33(1), 7;
111. M. B. Isman, Crop Protection, 2000, 19(8-10), 603.
112. Anonymous, Maize in Human Nutrition, FAO, Rome, 1992, http://www.fao.org/docrep/T0395E/T0395E00.htm#Contents (retrieved 04.06.2008).
113. F. T. Orthoefer, Food Technology, 1996, 50(12), 62;
114. J. S. Godber and B. O. Juliano, in Rice Chemistry and Technology, ed. E. T. Champagne, American Association of Cereal Chemists, St. Paul, 3rd edn, 2004, p. 163.
115. R. Schramm, A. Abadie, N. Hua, Z. Xu and M. Lima, J. Biol. Eng., 2007, 1, 9.
116. J. S. Kim, Einfluss der Temperatur beim Rösten von Sesam auf Aroma und antioxidative Eigenschaften des Öls, Dissertation, Berlin, 2001.
117. C. K. Lyon, JAOCS, 1972, 49, 245;
118. L. A. Johnson, T. M. Suleiman and E. W. Lucas, JAOCS, 1979, 56, 436;
119. W. Collinge, The American Holistic Health Association Complete Guide to Alternative Medicine, Warner Books, New York, 1996;
120. G. Mateljan, The World's Healthiest Foods - Essential Guide for the Healthiest Way of Eating, gmf pub, Seattle, Washington, 2007.
121. T. Beckett, The Science of Chocolate, RSC Publ., Cambridge, 2008.
122. R. Höfer, 6000 Jahre Sinn fürs Schöne - 6000 Jahre Lack, Schriftenreihe VILF-Vorträge, Bd. 7, 2005, p. 23.
123. P. Dribnenki, Flax for Industrial Uses, Canadian Plant Bio-Industrial Oils Workshop, Saskatoon, 2006.
124. F. C. Naughton, JAOCS, 1974, 51(3), 65.
125. J. Müller, S. Quaiser, P. Saling, V. Manea, J. E. Maloney and C. Bradley, PU Magazin, Sept./Okt. 2008, 8, 253.
126. P. Gross and E. Flemming, EP 0301197, 1988 (Wella).
127. D. P. Jones, D. W. Hobson and P. P. Pilar, US 6479060, 2001 (Healthpoint).
128. K. Worschech, in Becker/Braun - Kunststoff Handbuch, ed. K. Felger, Hanser, München, Wien, 2nd edn, vol. 2/1, 1985. p. 570.
129. R. Höfer, in Perspektiven nachwachsender Rohstoffe in der Chemie, ed. H. Eierdanz, VCH, Weinheim, 1996, p. 91.
130. J. A. Waynick, US 5133888, 1990 (Amoco);
131. R. A. Fletcher, WO/1997/003152, 1996 (Shell);
132. Yu. L. Ishchuk, Lubricating Grease Manufacturing Technology, New Age Intern., New Delhi, 2005;
133. R. Sánchez, J. M. Franco, M. A. Delgado, C. Valencia and C. Gallegos, Green Chem., 2009, 11, 686-693.
134. R. Höfer, H.-G. Schulte and J. Schmitz, in H. Kittel - Lehrbuch der Lacke und Beschichtungen, 2. völlig neu bearb. Aufl., vol. 4, ed. M. Ortelt and S. Hirzel Verl. Stuttgart, 2007, p. 277.
135. K. Lindner, Tenside-Textilhilfsmittel-Waschrohstoffe, Wiss. Verlagsges., Stuttgart, 1964.
136. R. K. Henning, Jatropha curcas L in Africa, http://www. underutilizedspecies.org/Documents/PUBLICATIONS/jatropha-curcas-africa.pdf;
137. The Jatropha System, http://www.jatropha.de (retrieved 03.02.2009).
138. D. Bowles, ed., Micro- and Macro-Algae: Utility for Industrial Applications, York, 2007, http://www.epobio.net/pdfs/0709AquaticReport.pdf (retrieved 09.11.2008).
139. Anonymous, A look back the US Department of Energy's Aquatic Species Program: Biodiesel from algae, http://www.biodieselamerica.org/files/articles/ Biodiesel%20from%20Algae.pdf (retrieved 27.06.2008);
140. Office of Biomass Program, U. S. Department of Energy Biomass and Biofuels Update to the United States Congress, 2008, http://www.eere.energy.gov/ news/pdfs/may-2008-hill-briefing.pdf (retrieved 27.06.2008).
141. M. Alvarez Cobelas and J. Zarco Lechado, Grasas y Aceites, 1989, 40, 118-145.
142. K. Brudermanns, M. Graß, R. Höfer, J. Koch and N. Scholz, in H. Kittel - Lehrbuch der Lacke und Beschichtungen, 2. völlig neu bearb. Aufl., vol. 4, ed. M. Ortelt, S. Hirzel Verl., Stuttgart, 2007, p. 203.
143. R. Höfer, P. Daute, R. Grützmacher and A. Westfechtel, JCT, June 1997, 69(869), 65;
144. R. Höfer, ECJ, 3/2000, 26;
145. T. Roloff, U. Erkens and R. Höfer, Urethanes Technology, August/September 2005, 29.
146. B. Gruber, R. Höfer, H. Kluth and A. Meffert, Fett Wiss. Technol., Fat Sci. Technol., 1987, 89(4), 147;
147. R. Miel, Urethane Technologies International, Oct./Nov. 2007, 40.
148. F. M. Casati, B. Dawe, S. Fregni and Y. Miyazaki, PUMagazin, Sept./Okt. 2008, 8, 234;
149. Z. Lysenko, A. K. Schrock, D. A. Babb and A. Sanders, US 2006/0276609, 2004 (DOW).
150. C. Priebe, M. Skwiercz and K. Böge, WO 00/06632, 1998 (Cognis);
151. M. Skwiercz, in Nachwachsende Rohstoffe für die Chemie, Schriftenreihe Nachwachsende Rohstoffe, Bd. 18, Landwirtschaftsverlag, Münster, 2001, p. 441;
152. U. Riedel and J. Nickel, in Biopolymers, Vol. 10 - General Aspects and Special Applications, ed. A. Steinbüchel, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2003, p. 1.
153. K. Weissermel and H.-J. Arpe, Industrielle Organische Chemie, 5, vollst. überarb. Aufl., Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 1998.
154. J. G. Zeikus, M. K. Jain and P. Elankov, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 1999, 51(5), 545.
155. M. Biermann, in Schriftenreihe des Fonds der Chem. Industrie, Heft 26, Fette und Öle, 1986, p. 26;
156. S. Warwel, P. Bavaj, M. Rüschgen Klaas and B. Wolff, in Perspektiven nachwachsender Rohstoffe in der Chemie, ed. H. Eierdanz, VCH, Weinheim, 1996, p. 119.
157. R. G. Fayter, in Perspektiven nachwachsender Rohstoffe in der Chemie, ed. H. Eierdanz, VCH, Weinheim, 1996, p. 107.
158. D. V. Kinsman, JAOCS, Nov. 1979, 56, 823A.
159. A. G. Hinze, in Schriftenreihe des Fonds der Chem. Industrie, Heft 26, Fette und Öle, 1986, p. 19.
160. L. Dudley Eirich, D. L. Craft, R. W. Frayer and C. R. Wilson, Biooxidation - A Platform to Produce Specialty Chemicals, Soc. for Industrial Microbiology - Annual Meeting, Minneapolis, 2003;
161. T. Roloff, U. Nagorny and U. Erkens, Kunststoffe, 5/2004, 94, 104;
162. R. Höfer, S. Winkels and H.-J. Pütz, Pitture e Vernici, European Coatings, 16/2004, 28.
163. M. Meier and W. J. Feder, in Nachhaltigkeit in der Chemie - 13. Internat. Sommerakademie St. Marienthal, Initiativen zum Umweltschutz, Bd. 70, ed. F. Brickwedde, R. Erb, M. Hempel, M Schwake and Erich Schmidt, Verlag, Berlin, 2008, p. 172.
164. E. Twitchell, US 601 603, 1897 (Emery).
165. K. H. Nottinger, 6th World Surfactant Congress, CESIO, Berlin, 2004.
166. K. Schumann and K. Siekmann, in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, published online 15 June 2000.
167. M. Magne, S. El Kasmi, M. Dupire, M. Morard, C. Vaca Garcia, S. Thiebaud-Roux, S. J. Peydecastaing, E. Borredon and A. Gaset, US 20050163935, 2003 (Lapeyre);
168. T. Lucas, L'Usine Nouvelle, 4 Mai 2006 [3008], 42.
169. Ch. Breucker, V. Jordan, M. Nitsche and B. Gutsche, Chem.-Ing.-Techn., 1995, 67, 430.
170. B. Gutsche, H. Rößler and S. Würkert, in Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis, ed. G. Ertl, H. Knoezinger, F. Schueth and J. Weitkamp, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2nd edn, 2008, p. 3329.
171. B. Gutsche, Fett/Lipid, 1997, 99(12), 418.
172. F. Bongardt, Henkel-Referate, 1993, 29, 112;
173. Bundesministerium für Verbraucherschutz, Ernährung und Landwirtschaft, ed, Bericht über biologisch schnell abbaubare Schmierstoffe und Hydraulikflüssigkeiten, Bonn, 2002;
174. M. Scherer and D. Rettemeyer, Fluid Spezial, 2007, 32.
175. R. Luther, in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2002.
176. S. Boyde, Green Chem., 2002, 4, 293.
177. B. Abribat and R. Höfer, Info Chimie Magazine, Mai 2007, 479, 44;
178. F. Bohmert, 75 Jahre Henkel Glycerin, Schriften des Werksarchivs, Bd. 18, Henkel KGaA, Düsseldorf, 1985;
179. R. Christoph, B. Schmidt, U. Steinberner and W. Dilla, in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 6th edn, 2000;
180. A. Westfechtel, Glycerol Derivatives - An Overview, 26th ISF World Congress, Prag, 2005;
181. J. N. Chheda, G. W. Huber and J. A. Dumesic, Angew. Chemie, Int. Ed., 2007, 119(38), 7298;
182. M. Pagliaro and M. Rossi, The Future of Glycerol: New Usages for a Versatile Raw Material, RSC Publ., Cambridge, 2008.
183. T. Haas and D. Arntz, EP 0577972, 1993 (Degussa).
184. H. Sanderson, S. E. Belanger, P. R. Fisk, Ch. Schäfers, G. Veenstra, A. M. Nielsen, Y. Kasai, A. Willing, S. D. Dyer, K. Stanton and R. Sedlak, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 2008, doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv. 2008.10.006;
185. H. Sanderson, S. E. Belanger, P. R. Fisk, Ch. Schäfers, G. Veenstra, A. M. Nielsen, Y. Kasai, A. Willing, S. D. Dyer, K. Stanton and R. Sedlak, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 2008, doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.07.013.
186. http://www.zenitech.com/documents/new%20pdfs/articles/All%20about %20fatty%20alcohols%20Condea.pdf (retrieved 11.11.2008);
187. B. Brackmann and C.-D. Hager, 6th World Surfactant Congress, CESIO, Berlin, 2004.
188. K. Hill, in Catalysis for Renewables, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2007, p. 75;
189. K. Hill Pure Appl. Chem., 2007, 79, 1999.
190. A. Sander, E. Eilers, A. Heilemann and E. Von Kries, Fett/Lipid 1997, 99, 115;
191. Henkel Referate, 1998, 34, 14.
192. K. Hill and O. Rhode, Fett/Lipid, 1999, 101, 25;
193. K. Hill and C. Le Hen-Ferrenbach in C. Carnero Ruiz, ed., Sugar-based Surfactants, Surfactant Science Series, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2009, 143, 1-20.
194. K. Hill, W. Von Rybinski, G. Stoll, Alkyl Polyglycodies VCH, Weinheim, New York, Basel, Cambridge, Tokyo (1996);
195. K. Hill, Household and Personal Care Today, 2008(2), XVII.
196. N. Kurth and C. Weichold, SÖFW-Journal, 2007, 133, 51;
197. A. Mehling, G. Pellón and H. Hensen, Cosmetics & Toiletries, June 2008, 123(6), 53.
198. M. Schäfer-Korting, U. Bock, A. Gamer, A. Haberland, E. Haltner-Ukomadu, M. Kaca, H. Kamp, M. Kietzmann, H. C. Korting, H-U. Krächter, C-M. Lehr, M. Liebsch, A. Mehling, F. Netzlaff, F. Niedorf, M. K. Rübbelke, U. Schäfer, E. Schmidt, S. Schreiber, K.-R. Schröder, H. Spielmann and A. Vuia, ATLA: Alternatives to Laboratory Animals, 2006, 34, 283;
199. A. Mehling, M. Kleber and H. Hensen, Food Chem. Toxicol., 2007, 45, 747.
200. R. Piorr, R. Höfer, H. J. Schlüßler and K. H. Schmid, Fett Wissenschaft Techn. - Fat Sci. Techn., 1987, 89(3), 106;
201. S. Both, F. Bauer and M. Weuthen, SÖFW-Journal, 2008, 134(10), 10.
202. A. F.-C. Chan, W. M. Bohon, D. J, Blumer and K. T. Ly, WO/1999/041342, 1999 (Atlantic Richfield/Arco).
203. A. F. Chan and K. T. Ly, US 5830831, 1996 (Atlantic Richfield).
204. C. Baumann, D. Feustel, U. Held, R. Höfer, Henkel-Referate, 1997, 33, 121;
205. J. Bigorra, W. H. Breuer, S. Heldt, Ll. Llaurado, Comunicaciones, Jorn. Com. Esp. Deterg., 2005, 35, 155-162;
206. A. M. Fernandez, U. Held, A. Willing and W. H. Breuer, Progr. Organic Coatings, 2005, 53, 246;
207. BDI-Umweltpreis 2005/2006, www.bdi-online.de.
208. W. H. Breuer and R. Höfer, Tenside Surf. Det., 4/2003, 40, 208-214;
209. Z. Dou, J. P. Ruiz, Y. Li, Z. Zong and F. Trezzi, PPCJ, March 2008, 22-26.
210. M. Aven, EP1023832, 2000 (BASF);
211. M. J. Hopkinson, C. E. Moore and J. D. Fowler, WO/2003/022049, 2002 (Syngenta);
212. S. B. Cush and M. J. Hopkinson, EP1603388, 2004 (Syngenta);
213. G. Frisch, G. Schnabel and J. Rude PCT/EP 2005/005525, 2005 (Bayer Cropscience);
214. B. Abribat, Specialty Chem. Magazine, April 2008, 22.