메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 6, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 218-237

Relating rainfall patterns to agricultural income: Implications for rural development in mozambique

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EXTREME EVENT; GROWING SEASON; INCOME; POVERTY ALLEVIATION; RAINFALL; RAINFED AGRICULTURE; RURAL DEVELOPMENT; RURAL POLICY; TROPICAL CYCLONE;

EID: 84898607845     PISSN: 19488327     EISSN: 19488335     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/WCAS-D-13-00012.1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (14)

References (74)
  • 1
    • 0141426424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of TRMM radar rainfall data over major climatic regions in Africa
    • Adeyewa, Z. D., and K. Nakamura, 2003: Validation of TRMM radar rainfall data over major climatic regions in Africa. J. Appl. Meteor., 42, 331-347.
    • (2003) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.42 , pp. 331-347
    • Adeyewa, Z.D.1    Nakamura, K.2
  • 2
    • 62949190925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are there social limits to adaptation to climate change?
    • Adger, M., and Coauthors, 2009: Are there social limits to adaptation to climate change? Climatic Change, 93, 335-354.
    • (2009) Climatic Change , vol.93 , pp. 335-354
    • Adger, M.1
  • 3
    • 33749533973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 1950-1998 warm ENSO events and regional implications to river flow variability in southern Africa
    • Alemaw, B. F., and T. R. Chaoka, 2006: The 1950-1998 warm ENSO events and regional implications to river flow variability in southern Africa. Water SA, 32, 459-463.
    • (2006) Water SA , vol.32 , pp. 459-463
    • Alemaw, B.F.1    Chaoka, T.R.2
  • 4
    • 0033853818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economy-wide effects of climate variability and climate prediction in Mozambique
    • Arndt, C., and M. Baçou, 2000: Economy-wide effects of climate variability and climate prediction in Mozambique. Agric. Appl. Econ. Assoc., 82, 750-754.
    • (2000) Agric. Appl. Econ. Assoc. , vol.82 , pp. 750-754
    • Arndt, C.1    Baçou, M.2
  • 5
    • 84855315972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influences of ENSO and the subtropical Indian Ocean dipole on tropical cyclone trajectories in the south Indian Ocean
    • Ash, K. D., and C. J. Matyas, 2012: The influences of ENSO and the subtropical Indian Ocean dipole on tropical cyclone trajectories in the south Indian Ocean. Int. J. Climatol., 32, 46-51.
    • (2012) Int. J. Climatol. , vol.32 , pp. 46-51
    • Ash, K.D.1    Matyas, C.J.2
  • 6
    • 84898612790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central Intelligence Agency Cited 2013: The World Factbook: Mozambique, Available Online At
    • Central Intelligence Agency, cited 2013: The World Factbook: Mozambique. [Available online at https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mz.html.]
  • 7
    • 84878158090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of TRMM 3B42 precipitation estimates of tropical cyclone rainfall using PACRAIN data
    • doi:10.1002/jgrd.50250
    • Chen, Y., E. E. Ebert, K. J. E. Walsh, and N. E. Davidson, 2013: Evaluation of TRMM 3B42 precipitation estimates of tropical cyclone rainfall using PACRAIN data. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 2184-2196, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50250.
    • (2013) J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. , vol.118 , pp. 2184-2196
    • Chen, Y.1    Ebert, E.E.2    Walsh, K.J.E.3    Davidson, N.E.4
  • 9
    • 0035218612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of complex survey data using SAS
    • Cole, S. R., 2001: Analysis of complex survey data using SAS. Comput. Methods Programs Biomed., 64, 65-69.
    • (2001) Comput. Methods Programs Biomed , vol.64 , pp. 65-69
    • Cole, S.R.1
  • 10
    • 84890186525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathways out of poverty in rural Mozambique
    • Michigan State University, Available online at
    • Cunguara, B., 2008: Pathways out of poverty in rural Mozambique. M.S. thesis, Dept. of Agricultural Food and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, 100 pp. [Available online at http://fsg.afre.msu.edu/mozambique/Cunguara-Thesis.pdf.]
    • (2008) M.S. Thesis, Dept. of Agricultural Food and Resource Economics , pp. 100
    • Cunguara, B.1
  • 11
    • 84898606347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of the PARPA II in promoting the agricultural sector in rural Mozambique
    • Maputo, Mozambique, Available online at
    • Cunguara, B., and B. Kelly, 2009: The impact of the PARPA II in promoting the agricultural sector in rural Mozambique. Working Paper, Ministry of Planning and Development, Maputo, Mozambique, 27 pp. [Available online at http://www.open.ac.uk/technology/mozambique/sites/www.open.ac.uk.technology.mozambique/files/pics/d119369.pdf.]
    • (2009) Working Paper, Ministry of Planning and Development , pp. 27
    • Cunguara, B.1    Kelly, B.2
  • 12
    • 79952530708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poverty is not being reduced in Mozambique
    • Crisis States Research Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom, Available online at
    • Cunguara, B., and J. Hanlon, 2010: Poverty is not being reduced in Mozambique. Crisis States Research Centre Working Papers Series 2, Working Paper 74, Crisis States Research Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom, 29 pp. [Available online at http://oro.open. ac.uk/23270/1/.]
    • (2010) Crisis States Research Centre Working Papers Series 2 Working Paper 74 , pp. 29
    • Cunguara, B.1    Hanlon, J.2
  • 13
    • 79955466456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the impact of improved agricultural technologies on household income in rural Mozambique
    • Cunguara, B., and I. Darnhofer, 2011: Assessing the impact of improved agricultural technologies on household income in rural Mozambique. Food Policy, 36, 378-390.
    • (2011) Food Policy , vol.36 , pp. 378-390
    • Cunguara, B.1    Darnhofer, I.2
  • 14
    • 33750976955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the vulnerability of social-environmental systems
    • Eakin, H., and A. L. Luers, 2006: Assessing the vulnerability of social-environmental systems. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour., 31, 364-394.
    • (2006) Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. , vol.31 , pp. 364-394
    • Eakin, H.1    Luers, A.L.2
  • 15
    • 38049097144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food, fibre and forest products
    • M. L. Parry et al., Eds., Cambridge University Press
    • Easterling, W. E., and Coauthors, 2007: Food, fibre and forest products. Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, M. L. Parry et al., Eds., Cambridge University Press, 273-313.
    • (2007) Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability , pp. 273-313
    • Easterling, W.E.1
  • 17
    • 0035655780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolving themes in rural development 1950-2000s
    • Ellis, F., and S. Biggs, 2001: Evolving themes in rural development 1950-2000s. Dev. Policy Rev., 19, 437-448.
    • (2001) Dev. Policy Rev. , vol.19 , pp. 437-448
    • Ellis, F.1    Biggs, S.2
  • 18
    • 58349119597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The vulnerability context of a savanna area in Mozambique: Household drought coping strategies and responses to economic change
    • Eriksen, S., and J. A. Silva, 2009: The vulnerability context of a savanna area in Mozambique: Household drought coping strategies and responses to economic change. Environ. Sci. Policy, 12, 35-52.
    • (2009) Environ. Sci. Policy , vol.12 , pp. 35-52
    • Eriksen, S.1    Silva, J.A.2
  • 22
    • 42449158855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of design-based and model-based methods to estimate the variance using national population health survey data
    • Ghosh, S., P. Pahwa, and D. C. Rennie, 2008: Comparison of design-based and model-based methods to estimate the variance using National Population Health Survey data. Model Assisted Stat. Appl., 3, 33-42.
    • (2008) Model Assisted Stat. Appl. , vol.3 , pp. 33-42
    • Ghosh, S.1    Pahwa, P.2    Rennie, D.C.3
  • 23
    • 84898628705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Action plan for the reduction of absolute poverty (2001-2005)
    • Government of Mozambique, Available online at
    • Government of Mozambique, 2001: Action plan for the reduction of absolute poverty (2001-2005). Strategy Doc., 185 pp. [Available online at http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPRS1/Resources/Country-Papers-and-JSAs/Mozambique-PRSP.pdf.]
    • (2001) Strategy Doc. , pp. 185
  • 24
    • 84898647583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Action plan for the reduction of absolute poverty (2006-2009)
    • Government of Mozambique, Available online at
    • Government of Mozambique, 2006: Action plan for the reduction of absolute poverty (2006-2009). Strategy Doc., 201 pp. [Available online at http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPRS1/Resources/Mozambique-PRSP(May2-2006).pdf.]
    • (2006) Strategy Doc. , pp. 201
  • 25
    • 60549108550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Livelihood Vulnerability Index: A pragmatic approach to assessing risks from climate variability and change - A case study in Mozambique
    • Hahn, M. B., A. M. Riederer, and S. O. Foster, 2009: The Livelihood Vulnerability Index: A pragmatic approach to assessing risks from climate variability and change - A case study in Mozambique. Global Environ. Change, 19, 74-88.
    • (2009) Global Environ. Change , vol.19 , pp. 74-88
    • Hahn, M.B.1    Riederer, A.M.2    Foster, S.O.3
  • 27
    • 0027091715 scopus 로고
    • Authoritarianism, Democracy and Adjustment, P. Gibbon, Y. Bangura, and A. Ofstad, Eds., Scandinavian Institute of African Studies
    • Hermele, K., 1992: Stick and carrot: Political alliances and nascent capitalism in Mozambique. Authoritarianism, Democracy and Adjustment, P. Gibbon, Y. Bangura, and A. Ofstad, Eds., Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 169-186.
    • (1992) Stick and Carrot: Political Alliances and Nascent Capitalism in Mozambique , pp. 169-186
    • Hermele, K.1
  • 28
    • 33947356755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA): Quasi-global, multiyear, combined-sensor precipitation estimates at fine scales
    • Huffman, G. J., and Coauthors, 2007: The TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA): Quasi-global, multiyear, combined-sensor precipitation estimates at fine scales. J. Hydrometeor., 8, 38-55.
    • (2007) J. Hydrometeor. , vol.8 , pp. 38-55
    • Huffman, G.J.1
  • 29
    • 68949141627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IFPRI, Available online at, Issue Brief 10, IFPRI, Washington, DC
    • IFPRI, 2002: Ending hunger in Africa: Only the small farmer can do it. Issue Brief 10, IFPRI, Washington, DC, 4 pp. [Available online at http://cdm15738.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15738coll2/id/64648.]
    • (2002) Ending Hunger in Africa: Only the Small Farmer Can Do It , pp. 4
  • 30
    • 77951659337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IMF, Joint Staff Advisory Note, IMF, Washington, DC, Available online at
    • IMF, 2007: Republic of Mozambique: Poverty reduction strategy paper. Joint Staff Advisory Note, IMF, Washington, DC, 11 pp. [Available online at http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2007/cr0738.pdf.]
    • (2007) Republic of Mozambique: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper , pp. 11
  • 31
  • 32
    • 84898637814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Instituto Nacional de Estatística, Informational doc., INE, Maputo, Mozambique
    • Instituto Nacional de Estatística, 2008: Resultados preliminares do censo 2007. Informational doc., INE, Maputo, Mozambique, 1 p.
    • (2008) Resultados Preliminares Do Censo 2007 , pp. 1
  • 34
    • 84898628699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Joint Typhoon Warning Center, JTWC, Pearl Harbor, HI, Available online at
    • Joint Typhoon Warning Center, 2003: 2003 annual tropical cyclone report. JTWC, Pearl Harbor, HI, 827 pp. [Available online at http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/2003atcr.pdf.]
    • (2003) 2003 Annual Tropical Cyclone Report , pp. 827
  • 35
    • 12744260364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling the dominant climate signals around southern Africa
    • Jury, M. R., W. B. White, and C. J. C. Reason, 2004: Modelling the dominant climate signals around southern Africa. Climate Dyn., 23, 717-726.
    • (2004) Climate Dyn. , vol.23 , pp. 717-726
    • Jury, M.R.1    White, W.B.2    Reason, C.J.C.3
  • 37
    • 0141940240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of education in facilitating risk-taking and innovation in agriculture
    • doi:10.1080/00220380312331293567
    • Knight, J., S. Weirb, and T. Woldehannac, 2003: The role of education in facilitating risk-taking and innovation in agriculture. J. Dev. Stud., 39, 1-22, doi:10.1080/00220380312331293567.
    • (2003) J. Dev. Stud. , vol.39 , pp. 1-22
    • Knight, J.1    Weirb, S.2    Woldehannac, T.3
  • 38
    • 36049007096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in cloud cover from 1960 to 2005 over South Africa
    • Kruger, A. C., 2007: Trends in cloud cover from 1960 to 2005 over South Africa. Water SA, 33, 603-608.
    • (2007) Water SA , vol.33 , pp. 603-608
    • Kruger, A.C.1
  • 39
    • 62749115291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theoretical model of rainfall in tropical cyclones for the assessment of long-term risk
    • doi:10.1029/2008JD010080
    • Langousis, A., and D. Veneziano, 2009: Theoretical model of rainfall in tropical cyclones for the assessment of long-term risk. J. Geophys. Res., 114, D02106, doi:10.1029/2008JD010080.
    • (2009) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.114
    • Langousis, A.1    Veneziano, D.2
  • 41
    • 84898610783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MADER, Trabalho de inquérito agrícola 2002, Ministério da Agricultura e Desenvolvimento Rural,Maputo, Mozambique. [Available from Dept. of Statistics, IIAM,Avenida FPLM2698,EdifícioBotânica e Sanidade, 1° Andar, Porta 108, Maputo, Mozambique.]
    • MADER, 2002: Trabalho de inquérito agrícola 2002 (National agriculture survey 2002). Ministério da Agricultura e Desenvolvimento Rural,Maputo, Mozambique. [Available from Dept. of Statistics, IIAM,Avenida FPLM2698,EdifícioBotânica e Sanidade, 1° Andar, Porta 108, Maputo, Mozambique.]
    • (2002) National Agriculture Survey 2002
  • 42
    • 84898610774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MADER, Trabalho de inquérito agrícola 2005, Ministério da Agricultura e Desenvolvimento Rural, Maputo, Mozambique. [Available from Dept. of Statistics, IIAM, Avenida FPLM 2698, Edifício Botânica e Sanidade, 1° Andar, Porta 108, Maputo, Mozambique.]
    • MADER, 2005: Trabalho de inquérito agrícola 2005 (National agriculture survey 2005). Ministério da Agricultura e Desenvolvimento Rural, Maputo, Mozambique. [Available from Dept. of Statistics, IIAM, Avenida FPLM 2698, Edifício Botânica e Sanidade, 1° Andar, Porta 108, Maputo, Mozambique.]
    • (2005) National Agriculture Survey 2005
  • 43
    • 78650376685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ENSOand IndianOcean sea surface temperatures and their relationships with tropical temperate troughs over Mozambique and the southwest Indian Ocean
    • Manhique, A. J., C. J. C. Reason, L. Rydberg, and N. Fauchereau, 2011:ENSOand IndianOcean sea surface temperatures and their relationships with tropical temperate troughs over Mozambique and the southwest Indian Ocean. Int. J. Climatol., 31, 1-13.
    • (2011) Int. J. Climatol. , vol.31 , pp. 1-13
    • Manhique, A.J.1    Reason, C.J.C.2    Rydberg, L.3    Fauchereau, N.4
  • 44
    • 77951057072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of anaemia and parasitaemia as indicators of malaria control in household and EPI-health facility surveys in Malawi
    • doi:10.1186/1475-2875-9-107
    • Mathanga, D. P., C. H. Campbell, J. V. Eng, A. Wolkon, R. N. Bronzan, G. J. Malenga, D. Ali, and M. Desai, 2010: Comparison of anaemia and parasitaemia as indicators of malaria control in household and EPI-health facility surveys in Malawi. Malar. J., 9, 107, doi:10.1186/1475-2875-9-107.
    • (2010) Malar. J. , vol.9 , pp. 107
    • Mathanga, D.P.1    Campbell, C.H.2    Eng, J.V.3    Wolkon, A.4    Bronzan, R.N.5    Malenga, G.J.6    Ali, D.7    Desai, M.8
  • 45
    • 84898628700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of crop income in rural Mozambique, 2002-2005
    • 71E, Ministry of Agriculture, Maputo, Mozambique, Available online at
    • Mather, D., 2012: Determinants of crop income in rural Mozambique, 2002-2005. Research Rep. 71E, Ministry of Agriculture, Maputo, Mozambique, 57 pp. [Available online at http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/121861/2/WP71E-Determinants-of-crop-income-in%20rural%20Mozambique.pdf.]
    • Research Rep. , pp. 57
    • Mather, D.1
  • 46
    • 79960710028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Household income and assets in rural Mozambique, 2002-2005 Can pro-poor growth be sustained?
    • Ministry of Agriculture Maputo Mozambique, Available online at
    • Mather D. Cunguara D., and D. Boughton, 2008: Household income and assets in rural Mozambique, 2002-2005: Can pro-poor growth be sustained? Research Rep. 66, Ministry of Agriculture, Maputo, Mozambique, 80 pp. [Available online at http://fsg. afre.msu.edu/mozambique/wps66.pdf.]
    • (2008) Research Rep. , vol.66 , pp. 80
    • Mather, D.1    Cunguara, D.2    Boughton, D.3
  • 47
    • 84873418281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extreme weather and economic well-being in rural Mozambique
    • Matyas, C. J., and J. A. Silva, 2013: Extreme weather and economic well-being in rural Mozambique. Nat. Hazards, 66, 31-49.
    • (2013) Nat. Hazards , vol.66 , pp. 31-49
    • Matyas, C.J.1    Silva, J.A.2
  • 48
    • 0348190104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate variability, vulnerability and effectiveness of farm-level adaptation options: The challenges and implications for food security in southwestern Cameroon
    • Molua, E. L., 2002: Climate variability, vulnerability and effectiveness of farm-level adaptation options: The challenges and implications for food security in southwestern Cameroon. Environ. Dev. Econ., 7, 529-545.
    • (2002) Environ. Dev. Econ. , vol.7 , pp. 529-545
    • Molua, E.L.1
  • 49
    • 1242344212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of climate change on global food production under SRES emissions and socio-economic scenarios
    • Parry, M. L., C. Rosenzweig, A. Iglesias, M. Livermore, and G. Fischer, 2004: Effects of climate change on global food production under SRES emissions and socio-economic scenarios. Global Environ. Change, 14, 53-67.
    • (2004) Global Environ. Change , vol.14 , pp. 53-67
    • Parry, M.L.1    Rosenzweig, C.2    Iglesias, A.3    Livermore, M.4    Fischer, G.5
  • 50
    • 53049098714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceptions of climate risk in Mozambique: Implications for the success of adaptation strategies
    • Patt, A. G., and D. Schroter, 2008: Perceptions of climate risk in Mozambique: Implications for the success of adaptation strategies. Global Environ. Change, 18, 458-467.
    • (2008) Global Environ. Change , vol.18 , pp. 458-467
    • Patt, A.G.1    Schroter, D.2
  • 52
    • 33645972241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of the 2002- 2004 drought over northern South Africa and potential forcing mechanisms
    • Reason, C. J. C., and R. F. Phaladi, 2005: Evolution of the 2002- 2004 drought over northern South Africa and potential forcing mechanisms. S. Afr. J. Sci., 101, 544-552.
    • (2005) S. Afr. J. Sci. , vol.101 , pp. 544-552
    • Reason, C.J.C.1    Phaladi, R.F.2
  • 53
    • 28144448824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interannual variability in rainy season characteristics over the Limpopo region of southern Africa
    • Reason C. J. C., S. Hachigonta, and R. F. Phaladi, 2005: Interannual variability in rainy season characteristics over the Limpopo region of southern Africa. Int. J. Climatol., 25, 1835-1853.
    • (2005) Int. J. Climatol. , vol.25 , pp. 1835-1853
    • Reason, C.J.C.1    Hachigonta, S.2    Phaladi, R.F.3
  • 54
    • 0028181936 scopus 로고
    • Potential impact of climate change on world food supply
    • Rosenzweig, C., and M. L. Parry, 1994: Potential impact of climate change on world food supply. Nature, 367, 133-138.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.367 , pp. 133-138
    • Rosenzweig, C.1    Parry, M.L.2
  • 55
    • 25844454553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensity and spatial extent of droughts in southern Africa
    • doi:10.1029/2005GL022436
    • Rouault, M., and Y. Richard, 2005: Intensity and spatial extent of droughts in southern Africa. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L15702, doi:10.1029/2005GL022436.
    • (2005) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.32
    • Rouault, M.1    Richard, Y.2
  • 57
    • 67849086612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Projected changes in mean and extreme precipitation in Africa under global warming. Part I: Southern Africa
    • Shongwe, M. E., G. J. van Oldenborgh, B. van den Hurk, B. de Boer, C. A. S. Coelho, and M. K. van Aalst, 2009: Projected changes in mean and extreme precipitation in Africa under global warming. Part I: Southern Africa. J. Climate, 22, 3819- 3837.
    • (2009) J. Climate , vol.22 , pp. 3819-3837
    • Shongwe, M.E.1    Van Oldenborgh, G.J.2    Van Den Hurk, B.3    De Boer, B.4    Coelho, C.A.S.5    Van Aalst, M.K.6
  • 58
    • 79955744052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mainstreaming climate adaptation into development assistance: Rationale, institutional barriers and opportunities in Mozambique
    • Sietz, D., M. Boschutz, and R. J. T. Klein, 2011: Mainstreaming climate adaptation into development assistance: Rationale, institutional barriers and opportunities in Mozambique. Environ. Sci. Policy, 14, 493-502.
    • (2011) Environ. Sci. Policy , vol.14 , pp. 493-502
    • Sietz, D.1    Boschutz, M.2    Klein, R.J.T.3
  • 59
    • 34250026704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trade and income inequality in a less developed country: The case of Mozambique
    • Silva, J. A., 2007: Trade and income inequality in a less developed country: The case of Mozambique. Econ. Geogr., 83, 111-136.
    • (2007) Econ. Geogr. , vol.83 , pp. 111-136
    • Silva, J.A.1
  • 60
    • 41549135714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multilevel analysis of agricultural trade and socioeconomic inequality in rural Mozambique
    • Silva, J. A, 2008: A multilevel analysis of agricultural trade and socioeconomic inequality in rural Mozambique. Prof. Geogr., 60, 174-189.
    • (2008) Prof. Geogr. , vol.60 , pp. 174-189
    • Silva, J.A.1
  • 61
    • 76249125634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double exposure in Mozambique's Limpopo River Basin
    • Silva, J. A, S. Eriksen, and Z. A. Ombe, 2010: Double exposure in Mozambique's Limpopo River Basin. Geogr. J., 176, 6-24.
    • (2010) Geogr. J. , vol.176 , pp. 6-24
    • Silva, J.A.1    Eriksen, S.2    Ombe, Z.A.3
  • 62
    • 34447098231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptation to climate change and variability: Farmer responses to intra-seasonal precipitation trends in South Africa
    • Thomas, D. S. G., C. Twyman, H. Osbahr, and B. Hewitson, 2007: Adaptation to climate change and variability: Farmer responses to intra-seasonal precipitation trends in South Africa. Climatic Change, 83, 301-322.
    • (2007) Climatic Change , vol.83 , pp. 301-322
    • Thomas, D.S.G.1    Twyman, C.2    Osbahr, H.3    Hewitson, B.4
  • 63
    • 0033379908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circulation anomalies associated with tropical-temperate troughs in southern Africa and the south west Indian Ocean
    • Todd, M., and R. Washington, 1999: Circulation anomalies associated with tropical-temperate troughs in southern Africa and the south west Indian Ocean. Climate Dyn., 15, 937-951.
    • (1999) Climate Dyn. , vol.15 , pp. 937-951
    • Todd, M.1    Washington, R.2
  • 64
    • 0034989074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smallholder agriculture, wage labour and rural poverty alleviation in land-abundant areas of Africa: Evidence from Mozambique
    • Tschirley, D., and R. Benfica, 2001: Smallholder agriculture, wage labour and rural poverty alleviation in land-abundant areas of Africa: Evidence from Mozambique. J. Mod. Afr. Stud., 39, 333-358.
    • (2001) J. Mod. Afr. Stud. , vol.39 , pp. 333-358
    • Tschirley, D.1    Benfica, R.2
  • 65
  • 66
    • 4344677228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dry spell frequencies and their variability over southern Africa
    • Usman, M. T., and C. J. C. Reason, 2004: Dry spell frequencies and their variability over southern Africa. Climate Res., 26, 199- 211.
    • (2004) Climate Res. , vol.26 , pp. 199-211
    • Usman, M.T.1    Reason, C.J.C.2
  • 68
    • 33845920315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extreme wet years over southern Africa: Role of Indian Ocean sea surface temperatures
    • doi:10.1029/2005jd006724
    • Washington, R., and A. Preston, 2006: Extreme wet years over southern Africa: Role of Indian Ocean sea surface temperatures. J.Geophys. Res., 111, D15104, doi:10.1029/2005jd006724.
    • (2006) J.Geophys. Res. , vol.111
    • Washington, R.1    Preston, A.2
  • 69
    • 84898628701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using SAS/GENMOD procedure to fit GEE regression models
    • National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan, Available online at
    • Wen, M.-J., and L. Yeh, 2001: Using SAS/GENMOD procedure to fit GEE regression models. Tech. Rep. 42, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan, 12 pp. [Available online at http://www.stat.ncku.edu.tw/faculty-private/mjwen/GEE-TR-42.pdf.]
    • (2001) Tech. Rep. , vol.42 , pp. 12
    • Wen, M.-J.1    Yeh, L.2
  • 70
    • 79958200649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mozambique agricultural development strategy: Stimulating smallholder agricultural growth
    • World Bank, 32416- MZ, World Bank Agriculture, Environment, and Social Development Unit,Washington, DC, Available online at
    • World Bank, 2006: Mozambique agricultural development strategy: Stimulating smallholder agricultural growth. Rep. 32416- MZ, World Bank Agriculture, Environment, and Social Development Unit,Washington, DC, 143 pp. [Available online at http://siteresources.worldbank.org/MOZAMBIQUEEXTN/Resources/Moz-AG-Strategy.pdf.]
    • (2006) Rep. , pp. 143
  • 71
    • 84898612787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • cited 2013. World DataBank., Available online at
    • World Bank, cited 2013. World DataBank. [Available online at http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx.]
  • 72
    • 0030438761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foreign aid, structural adjustment, and public management: The Mozambican experience
    • Wuyts, M., 1996: Foreign aid, structural adjustment, and public management: The Mozambican experience. Dev. Change, 27, 717-749.
    • (1996) Dev. Change , vol.27 , pp. 717-749
    • Wuyts, M.1
  • 73
    • 84898647581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Bank, From Conflict to Recovery in Africa, T. Addison, Ed., Oxford University Press
    • World Bank, 2003: The agrarian question in Mozambique's transition and reconstruction. From Conflict to Recovery in Africa, T. Addison, Ed., Oxford University Press, 141-154.
    • (2003) The Agrarian Question in Mozambique's Transition and Reconstruction , pp. 141-154
  • 74
    • 0035529984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generalized estimating equation models for correlated data: A review with applications
    • Zorn, C. J. W., 2001: Generalized estimating equation models for correlated data: A review with applications. Amer. J. Poltical Sci., 45, 470-490.
    • (2001) Amer. J. Poltical Sci. , vol.45 , pp. 470-490
    • Zorn, C.J.W.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.