Networked machinists: High-technology industries in antebellum America

Networked Machinists: High-Technology Industries in Antebellum America

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 1-311

  Meyer, David R ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 84898399880     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

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233. John G. B. Hutchins, The American Maritime Industries and Public Policy, 1789-1914 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1941), 325-68
234. John A. James and Jonathan S. Skinner, "The Resolution of the Labor-Scarcity Paradox," Journal of Economic History 45 (September 1985): 513-40
235. "Manufacture of Iron - The Novelty Works," Hunt's Merchants' Magazine 23 (October 1850): 463-65
236. "Manufactures in the City of New York," Hunt's Merchants' Magazine 37 (September 1857): 380-85
237. "Manufactures of Dutchess County," Hunt's Merchants' Magazine
238. "Manufacturing Industry of New York," Hunt's Merchants' Magazine
239. Peter Temin, "Labor Scarcity and the Problem of American Industrial Efficiency in the 1850s," Journal of Economic History 26 (September 1966): 277-98
240. "The West Point Foundry at Cold Spring," Hunt's Merchants' Magazine 16 (April 1847): 421.
241. BISH, 3:244-49
242. "Boston, Massachusetts," Hunt's Merchants' Magazine 39 (July 1858): 45
243. Freedley, Philadelphia and its Manufactures, 434-36
244. "Robert L. Thurston," DAB, 18:520-21
245. "Statistics of Providence, R.I., Manufactures," Hunt's Merchants' Magazine 23 (August 1850): 247-48.
246. Monte A. Calvert, The Mechanical Engineer in America, 1830-1910 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1967), 8-9
247. "George H. Corliss," DAB, 4:441
248. W. J. Rorabaugh, The Craft Apprentice: From Franklin to the Machine Age in America (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986), 63-64
249. Anthony F. C. Wallace, Rockdale: The Growth of an American Village in the Early Industrial Revolution (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1978)
250. "William Sellers," DAB, 16:576-77.
251. George Wallis, "New York Industrial Exhibition," ASM, 260-61
252. Joseph Whitworth, "New York Industrial Exhibition," ASM, 331-33, 337.
253. John K. Brown, The Baldwin Locomotive Works, 1831-1915 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995), 14, 173, 243-46
254. Albert Fishlow, American Railroads and the Transformation of the Ante-Bellum Economy (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1965), 4-6, 149-53
255. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Manufactures of the United States in 1860, Eighth Census (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1865)
256. John H. White, American Locomotives: An Engineering History, 1830-1880, rev. and exp. ed. (1968; rpt., Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997), 4-13.
257. Christopher T. Baer, Canals and Railroads of the Mid-Atlantic States, 1800-1860 (Wilmington, Del.: Regional Economic History Research Center, Eleutherian Mills-Hagley Foundation, 1981)
258. James D. Dilts, The Great Road: The Building of the Baltimore and Ohio, The Nation's First Railroad, 1828-1853 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1993), 196-99, 237-38, 257-58
259. Fishlow, American Railroads and the Transformation of the Ante-Bellum Economy, 399
260. Edward C. Kirkland, Men, Cities, and Transportation: A Study in New England History, 1820-1900, 2 vols. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1948)
261. Milton Reizenstein, The Economic History of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 1827-1853, Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science, ser. 15, nos. 7-8 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1897), 35
262. George R. Taylor, The Transportation Revolution, 1815-1860, Vol. 4: The Economic History of the United States (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1951)
263. White, American Locomotives, 19.
264. BISH, 3:178-81
265. Brown, Baldwin Locomotive Works, xxvi-xxx, 3-4, 13, 31-39
266. Angus Sinclair, Development of the Locomotive Engine, annotated edition, ed John H. White Jr. (1907; rpt., Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1970), 249-50
267. "Thomas Rogers," DAB, 16:112-13
268. Robert H. Thurston, A History of the Growth of the Steam-Engine (1878; rpt., Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1939), 210-14
269. White, American Locomotives, 13-24.
270. "American Machinery - Matteawan," Scientific American 5, April 27, 1850, 253
271. Brown, Baldwin Locomotive Works, 169
272. "Manufactures of Dutchess County," Hunt's Merchants' Magazine 15 (October 1846): 370-76
273. Sinclair, Development of the Locomotive Engine, 200-209
274. White, American Locomotives.
275. "Asa Whitney," DAB, 20:155-56
276. Jeremy Atack, "Comment," in Learning by Doing in Markets, Firms, and Countries, ed. Naomi R. Lamoreaux, Daniel M. G. Raff, and Peter Temin (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999), 96
277. Brown, Baldwin Locomotive Works, 6-17, 37, 61-63, 241-42, app. A, 255
278. Sinclair, Development of the Locomotive Engine, 282-94, 345-46
279. Bruce Sinclair, Philadelphia's Philosopher Mechanics: A History of the Franklin Institute, 1824-1865 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1974)
280. "The Transportation of Passengers and Wares, a Visit to the Norris Locomotive Works," United States Magazine, 151-67
281. White, American Locomotives, 57-62, 543
282. "William Norris," DAB, 13:555-56.
283. "Charles Danforth," DAB, 5:65-66
284. "Thomas Rogers," DAB, 112-13
285. White, American Locomotives, 541.
286. George W. Browne, The Amoskeag Manufacturing Co. of Manchester, New Hampshire (Manchester, N.H.: Amoskeag Manufacturing Co., 1915)
287. Robert F. Dalzell Jr., Enterprising Elite: The Boston Associates and the World They Made (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1987)
288. Arthur M. Johnson and Barry E. Supple, Boston Capitalists and Western Railroads: A Study in the Nineteenth-Century Railroad Investment Process (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1967)
289. Sinclair, Development of the Locomotive Engine, 200-209, 250-51
290. Sinclair, Philadelphia's Philosopher Mechanics
291. Martha Taber, "A History of the Cutlery Industry in the Connecticut Valley," Smith College Studies in History 41 (1955)
292. White, American Locomotives, 14, 538, 540.
293. Brown, Baldwin Locomotive Works, 20-21
294. White, American Locomotives, 15.
295. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Report on the Manufactures of the United States at the Tenth Census, 1880 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1883).
296. Paul F. McGouldrick, New England Textiles in the Nineteenth Century: Profits and Investment (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1968), 18-20, 146-47
297. Robert S. Woodbury, Studies in the History of Machine Tools (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1972)
298. Robert B. Zevin, "The Growth of Cotton Textile Production after 1815," in The Reinterpretation of American Economic History, ed. Robert W. Fogel and Stanley L. Engerman (New York: Harper and Row, 1971), 122-47.
299. Samuel Batchelder, Introduction and Early Progress of the Cotton Manufacture in the United States (Boston: Little, Brown, 1863)
300. George W. Browne, The Amoskeag Manufacturing Co. of Manchester, New Hampshire (Manchester, N.H.: Amoskeag Manufacturing Co., 1915)
301. John L. Hayes, American Textile Machinery (Cambridge, Mass.: University Press, John Wilson and Son, 1879)
302. McGouldrick, New England Textiles in the Nineteenth Century, 18-20, 268
303. Vera Shlakman, "Economic History of a Factory Town: A Study of Chicopee, Massachusetts," Smith College Studies in History 20, nos. 1-4 (October 1934-July 1935)
304. "Statistics of Lowell Manufactures," 422-23.
305. "David Wilkinson," DAB, 20:222
306. Henry H. Earl, A Centennial History of Fall River, Mass. (New York: Atlantic Publishing and Engraving Co., 1877); LOZ
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308. Browne, Amoskeag Manufacturing Co. of Manchester, New Hampshire, 42-60
309. Thomas R. Navin, The Whitin Machine Works since 1831: A Textile Machinery Company in an Industrial Village (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1950); ROE, 124, 217
310. Bruce Sinclair, Philadelphia's Philosopher Mechanics: A History of the Franklin Institute, 1824-1865 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1974), 195-216
311. Caroline F. Ware, The Early New England Cotton Manufacture: A Study in Industrial Beginnings (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1931), 81, 89
312. Charles G. Washburn, Industrial Worcester (Worcester, Mass.: Davis Press, 1917).
313. "American Machinery - Matteawan," Scientific American
314. "Charles Danforth," DAB, 5:65-66
315. McGouldrick, New England Textiles in the Nineteenth Century, 248-50
316. "Manufactures of Dutchess County," Hunt's Merchants' Magazine 15 (October 1846): 370-76
317. George S. White, Memoir of Samuel Slater, 2nd ed. (Philadelphia, 1836), 256.
318. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Compendium of the Sixth Census, 1840 (Washington, D.C.: Blair and Rives, 1841).
319. Judith A. McGaw, Most Wonderful Machine: Mechanization and Social Change in Berkshire Paper Making, 1801-1885 (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1987)
320. Margaret E. Martin, "Merchants and Trade of the Connecticut River Valley, 1750-1820," Smith College Studies in History 24, nos. 1-4 (October 1938-July 1939)
321. Shlakman, "Economic History of a Factory Town"
322. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Compendium of the Sixth Census, 1840.
323. Clive Day, "The Early Development of the American Cotton Manufacture," Quarterly Journal of Economics 39 (May 1925): 450-68
324. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Compendium of the Sixth Census, 1840
325. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Report on the Manufactures of the United States at the Tenth Census, 1880.
326. Browne, Amoskeag Manufacturing Co. of Manchester, New Hampshire, 42-111
327. "Charles T. James," DAB, 9:572-73
328. McGouldrick, New England Textiles in the Nineteenth Century, 248-50
329. William Mass, "Mechanical and Organizational Innovation: The Drapers and the Automatic Loom," Business History Review 63 (Winter 1989): 876-929
330. Navin, The Whitin Machine Works since 1831; ROE, 167-70, 252-56
331. Daniel P. Tyler, Statistics of the Condition and Products of Certain Branches of Industry in Connecticut, for the Year Ending October 1, 1845 (Hartford, Conn.: John L. Boswell, 1846)
332. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Manufactures of the United States in 1860, Eighth Census (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1865)
333. Washburn, Industrial Worcester, 86-89
334. "William Mason," DAB, 12:377-78.
335. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Manufactures of the United States in 1860, Eighth Census.
336. Arthur F. Burns and Wesley C. Mitchell, Measuring Business Cycles (New York: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1946), 102
337. Charles H. Fitch, "Report on the Manufactures of Interchangeable Mechanism"
338. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Report on the Manufactures of the United States at the Tenth Census, 1880 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1883)
339. Duncan M. McDougall, "Machine Tool Output, 1861-1910," Output, Employment, and Productivity in the United States after 1800, Studies in Income and Wealth, Vol. 30 (New York: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1966), 497-519
340. Ross M. Robertson, "Changing Production of Metalworking Machinery, 1860-1920," Output, Employment, and Productivity in the United States after 1800, Studies in Income and Wealth, Vol. 30 (New York: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1966), 479-95
341. Nathan Rosenberg, "Technological Change in the Machine Tool Industry, 1840-1910," Journal of Economic History 23 (December 1963): 414-43
342. W. Steeds, A History of Machine Tools, 1700-1910 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1969)
343. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Report on Power and Machinery Employed in Manufactures, Tenth Census of the United States, 1880, vol. 22 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1888).
344. Jacob Abbott, "The Novelty Works," Harper's New Monthly Magazine 2 (May 1851): 721-34
345. "George H. Corliss," DAB, 4:441
346. "Manufacture of Iron - The Novelty Works," Hunt's Merchants' Magazine 23 (October 1850): 463-65
347. Carroll W. Pursell Jr., Early Stationary Steam Engines in America (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1969), 51, 100
348. "Report of the Committee on the Machinery of the United States of America," ASM, 87-197
349. Steeds, History of Machine Tools, 26-45
350. "The West Point Foundry at Cold Spring," Hunt's Merchants' Magazine 16 (April 1847): 421
351. Joseph Whitworth, "New York Industrial Exhibition," ASM, 327-89
352. Robert S. Woodbury, History of the Lathe to 1850 (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1961).
353. John K. Brown, The Baldwin Locomotive Works, 1831-1915 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995), 14-21, 167-69
354. Angus Sinclair, Development of the Locomotive Engine, annotated edition, ed. John H. White Jr. (1907; rpt., Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1970), 232-40, 282-83, 345-46
355. "Thomas Rogers," DAB, 16:112-13
356. "The Transportation of Passengers and Wares, a Visit to the Norris Locomotive Works," United States Magazine 2 (October 1855): 151-67
357. John H. White, American Locomotives: An Engineering History, 1830-1880, rev. and expanded ed. (1968; rpt., Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997), 16, 20-21.
358. Merritt R. Smith, "Army Ordnance and the 'American System' of Manufacturing, 1815-1861," in Military Enterprise and Technological Change: Perspectives on the American Experience, ed. Merritt R. Smith (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1985), 39-86.
359. Abbott, "The Armory at Springfield"
360. Brown, Baldwin Locomotive Works, 1831-1915, 243-46
361. Carolyn C. Cooper, Shaping Invention: Thomas Blanchard's Machinery and Patent Management in Nineteenth-Century America (New York: Columbia University Press, 1991), 85-121
362. "'A Whole Battalion of Stockers': Thomas Blanchard's Production Line and Hand Labor at Springfield Armory," IA: The Journal of the Society for Industrial Archeology 14, no. 1 (1988): 37-57
363. "Cyrus Buckland," DAB, 3:229
364. Fitch, "Report on the Manufactures of Interchangeable Mechanism," 25
365. MRS, 127-36
366. Paul J. Uselding, "Technical Progress at the Springfield Armory, 1820-1850," Explorations in Economic History 9 (Spring 1972): 291-316.
367. S.N.D. North and Ralph H. North, Simeon North: First Official Pistol Maker of the United States (Concord, N.H.: Rumford Press, 1913), 158-74
368. Merritt R. Smith, "John H. Hall, Simeon North, and the Milling Machine: The Nature of Innovation among Antebellum Arms Makers," Technology and Culture 14 (October 1973): 573-91.
369. Merritt R. Smith, "Army Ordnance and the 'American System' of Manufacturing, 1815-1861," in Military Enterprise and Technological Change: Perspectives on the American Experience, ed. Merritt R. Smith (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1985), 39-86.
370. "Cyrus Buckland," DAB, 3:229
371. "James Tyler Ames," DAB, 1:248
372. "Nathan Peabody Ames," DAB, 1:249-50
373. "Report of the Committee on the Machinery of the United States of America," ASM, 97-117, 180-81, 187-91
374. Nathan Rosenberg, "Introduction," ASM, 1-86
375. Vera Shlakman, "Economic History of a Factory Town: A Study of Chicopee, Massachusetts," Smith College Studies in History 20, nos. 1-4 (October 1934-July 1935): 24-34, 81-89
376. Martha Taber, "A History of the Cutlery Industry in the Connecticut Valley," Smith College Studies in History 41 (1955): 14-18
377. George Wallis, "New York Industrial Exhibition," ASM, 284-85.
378. "Frederick W. Howe," DAB, 9:286
379. "Report of the Committee on the Machinery of the United States of America," ASM, 103-4
380. Rosenberg, "Introduction," ASM, 17
381. Merritt R. Smith, "The American Precision Museum," Technology and Culture 15 (July 1974): 413-37
382. Robert S. Woodbury, History of the Milling Machine (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1960), 31-41.
383. "Christopher M. Spencer," DAB, 17:446-47
384. "A Day at the Armory of 'Colt's Patent Firearms Manufacturing Company,'" United States Magazine 4 (March 1857): 221-49
385. "Elisha K. Root," DAB, 16:144-45
386. "Elisha K. Root," National Cyclopedia of American Biography (New York: James T. White and Co., 1922), 18:313
387. Charles H. Fitch, "Report on the Manufactures of Interchangeable Mechanism," U.S. Bureau of the Census, Report on the Manufactures of the United States at the Tenth Census, 1880 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1883), 21-22, 27
388. "Francis A. Pratt," DAB, 15:172-73
389. Donald R. Hoke, Ingenious Yankees: The Rise of the American System of Manufactures in the Private Sector (New York: Columbia University Press, 1990), 101-30
390. William Hosley, Colt: The Making of an American Legend (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1996), 26, 59-60
391. Robert A. Howard, "Interchangeable Parts Reexamined: The Private Sector of the American Arms Industry on the Eve of the Civil War," Technology and Culture 19 (October 1978): 633-49
392. "Report of the Committee on the Machinery of the United States of America," ASM, 100-104, 115-18
393. Paul J. Uselding, "Elisha K. Root, Forging, and the 'American System,'" Technology and Culture 15 (October 1974): 543-68
394. Woodbury, History of the Milling Machine, 33-35.
395. Freedley, Philadelphia and its Manufactures, 436-37
396. Alden Hatch, Remington Arms (New York: Rinehart and Co., 1956), 34-82
397. Howard, "Interchangeable Parts Reexamined"; HUB, 60, April 24, 1924, 617-20.
398. BISH, Vol. 3
399. John K. Brown, The Baldwin Locomotive Works, 1831-1915 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995), 169
400. "Coleman Sellers," DAB, 16:574-75
401. Henry H. Earl, A Centennial History of Fall River, Mass. (New York: Atlantic Publishing and Engraving Co., 1877), 41-50
402. "George H. Corliss," DAB, 4:441
403. Ross M. Robertson, "Changing Production of Metalworking Machinery, 1860-1920," in Output, Employment, and Productivity in the United States after 1800, Studies in Income and Wealth Vol. 30 (New York: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1966) 479-95
404. Charles G. Washburn, Industrial Worcester (Worcester, Mass.: Davis Press, 1917), 111-23
405. "William Sellers," DAB, 16:576-77
406. Woodbury, History of the Milling Machine, 38-42.
407. Duncan M. McDougall, "Machine Tool Output, 1861-1910," in Output, Employment, and Productivity in the United States after 1800, Studies in Income and Wealth, Vol. 30 (New York: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1966), 497-519
408. Robertson, "Changing Production of Metalworking Machinery"
409. Nathan Rosenberg, "Technological Change in the Machine Tool Industry, 1840-1910," Journal of Economic History 23 (December 1963): 414-43.
410. John K. Brown, The Baldwin Locomotive Works, 1831-1915 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995), 170-83
411. Robert A. Howard, "Interchangeable Parts Reexamined: The Private Sector of the American Arms Industry on the Eve of the Civil War," Technology and Culture 19 (October 1978): 633-49
412. Nathan Rosenberg, "Technological Change in the Machine Tool Industry, 1840-1910," Journal of Economic History 23 (December 1963): 414-43
413. Merritt R. Smith, "Army Ordnance and the 'American System' of Manufacturing, 1815-1861," in Military Enterprise and Technological Change: Perspectives on the American Experience, ed. Merritt R. Smith (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1985), 39-86.
414. Robert E. Gallman, "Commodity Output, 1839-1899," Trends in the American Economy in the Nineteenth Century, Studies in Income and Wealth, Vol. 24 (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1960), 26
415. David R. Meyer, "Emergence of the American Manufacturing Belt: An Interpretation," Journal of Historical Geography 9 (April 1983): 145-74
416. David R. Meyer, "Midwestern Industrialization and the American Manufacturing Belt in the Nineteenth Century," Journal of Economic History 49 (December 1989): 921-37
417. Gordon M. Winder, "Before the Corporation and Mass Production: The Licensing Regime in the Manufacture of North American Harvesting Machinery, 1830-1910," Annals of the Association of American Geographers 85 (September 1995): 521-52
418. Gordon M. Winder, "The North American Manufacturing Belt in 1880: A Cluster of Regional Industrial Systems or One Large Industrial District," Economic Geography 75 (January 1999): 71-92.