What Americans really believe

What Americans really believe

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 1-209

  Stark, Rodney ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 84898365237     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (128)

1. George Gallup Jr., Religion in America 1990 (Princeton: Princeton Religion Research Center, 1985).
2. D. Michael Lindsay and George Gallup Jr., Surveying the American Religious Landscape: Trends in U.S. Beliefs (New York: Morehouse Group, 2000).
3. Andrew M. Greeley, The Sociology of the Paranormal: A Reconnaissance (Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage, 1975).
4. Religious Change in America (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1989).
5. Will Herberg, Protestant-Catholic-Jew (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1960).
6. Robert Lee, The Social Sources of Church Unity (New York: Abingdon, 1960).
7. For example, Martin E. Marty, The New Shape of American Religion (New York: Harper, 1959).
8. Gerhard Lenski, The Religious Factor: A Sociological Study of Religion's Impact on Politics, Economics, and Family Life (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday).
9. Stark and Glock, American Piety, 25.
10. Calculated on the basis of members per 1,000 U.S. population. See Rodney Stark, Sociology, 10th ed. (Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth, 2007).
11. Robert Wuthnow, The Restructuring of American Religion (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988), 156.
12. Rodney Stark and Roger Finke, Acts of Faith: Explaining the Human Side of Religion (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000), 121.
13. Robert D. Putnam, Bowling Alone (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000), 70-72.
14. Wuthnow, Restructuring of American Religion, 159.
15. Dean C. Curry, "Evangelical Amnesia," First Things, October 1 2007: 15-17.
16. Robert Wuthnow, "Recent Patterns of Secularization: A Problem of Generations?" American Sociological Review 41 (1976): 850-67.
17. Wuthnow, Restructuring of American Religion, 156.
18. Roger Finke and Rodney Stark, The Churching of America 1776-1990 (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1991).
19. For a summary see Rodney Stark, Discovering God: The Origins of the Great Religions and the Evolution of Belief (San Francisco: Harper One, 2007).
20. C. Kirk Hadaway, Penny Long Marler, and Mark Chavez, "What the Polls Don't Show: A Closer Look at Church Attendance," American Sociological Review 58 (1993): 741-752.
21. Michael Hout and Andrew Greeley, "What Church Officials' Reports Don't Show: Another Look at Church Attendance Data," American Sociological Review 63 (1998): 113-119.
22. Laurence R. Iannaccone and Sean F. Everton, "Never on Sunny Days: Lessons from Weekly Attendance Counts," Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 43 (2004): 191-207.
23. Editorial, Wall Street Journal, March 1, 2008: A8.
24. Quoted in Finke and Stark, Churching of America, 9.
25. Robin Williams Jr., American Society (New York: Knopf, 1951), 312.
26. Peter Berger, The Sacred Canopy (New York: Doubleday, 1969).
27. Harvey Cox, The Secular City (New York: Macmillan, 1965).
28. Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, vol. 2 [1776], ed. R. H. Campbell and A. S. Skinner (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1981), 793.
29. Gary A. Tobin and Aryeh K. Weinberg, Profiles of the American University, vol. 2 (San Francisco: Institute for Jewish & Community Research, 2007).
30. Louis Bolce and Gerald De Maio, "Religious Outlook, Culture War Politics, and Antipathy Toward Christian Fundamentalists," Public Opinion Quarterly 63 (1999): 29-61.
31. Quoted in Stark and Finke, Acts of Faith, 221.
32. Benton Johnson, "On Church and Sect," American Sociological Review 28 (1963): 539-549.
33. Rodney Stark and William Sims Bainbridge, The Future of Religion: Secularization, Revival and Cult Formation (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985).
34. Laurence Iannaccone, "Sacrifice and Stigma: Reducing Free-Riding in Cults, Communes and Other Collectives," Journal of Political Economy 100, no. 2 (1992): 271-291.
35. D. Michael Lindsay, "A Gated Community in the Evangelical World," USA Today, February 11, 2008.
36. Wuthnow, Restructuring of American Religion, ch. 6.
37. Edward H. Hammett, The Gathered and Scattered Church (Macon, Ga: Smyth & Helwys, 2005).
38. Hammett, Gathered and Scattered Church, 11.
39. Hammett, Gathered and Scattered Church, 2.
40. Quoted in Amy C. Sims, "Religion Gets Supersized at Megachurches," FOXNews.com, February 3, 2004.
41. Quoted in Scott Thumma and Dave Travis, Beyond Megachurch Myths (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2007), 21.
42. Quoted in Thumma and Travis, Beyond Megachurch Myths, 78.
43. William James, The Varieties of Religious Experience (New York: Longmans, Green, 1902).
44. Edwn Diller Starbuck, The Psychology of Religion (New York: Scribner's, 1901).
45. Evelyn Underhill, Mysticism (London: Methuen, 1911).
46. For a summary, see Rodney Stark, The Rise of Christianity (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996), ch. 5.
47. Adolf von Harnack, The Mission and Expansion of Christianity in the First Three Centuries, vol. 2 (New York: Putnam's, 1908), 73.
48. Mary Beard, John North, and Simon Price, Religions of Rome, vol. 1 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998), 297.
49. Rodney Stark, Exploring the Religious Life (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004), ch. 4.
50. See Stark, Exploring, ch. 4.
51. Alan Miller, "Going to Hell in Asia: The Relationship between Risk and Religion in a Cross-Cultural Setting," Review of Religious Research 42 (2000): 5-18.
52. Alan Miller and Rodney Stark, "Gender and Religiousness: Can Socialization Explanations Be Saved?" American Journal of Sociology 107 (2002): 1399-1423.
53. Jackson W. Carroll, Douglas W. Johnson, and Martin E. Marty, Religion in America, 1950 to the Present (New York: Harper & Row, 1979), 31.
54. Charles Y. Glock and Rodney Stark, Christian Beliefs and Anti-Semitism (New York: Harper & Row, 1969).
55. Alan F. Segal, "Heaven, Yes; Hell, Not So Much," On Faith from www.washingtonpost.com. See also Life After Death: A History of the Afterlife in the West (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 2004).
56. Jeffrey Burton Russell, The Prince of Darkness: Radical Evil and the Power of Good in History (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1988).
57. See Michael B. Lupfer, Donna Tolliver, and Mark Jackson, "Explaining Life-Altering Occurrences: A Test of the 'God-of-the-Gaps' Hypothesis," Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 35, no. 4 (1996): 379-391.
58. Brian J. Zinnbauer, Kenneth I. Pargament, Brenda Cole, Mark S. Rye, Eric M. Butter, Timothy G. Belavich, Kathleen M. Hipp, Allie B. Scott, Jill L. Kadar, "Religion and Spirituality: Unfuzzying the Fuzzy," Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 36 (1997): 549-564.
59. Wade Clark Roof, A Generation of Seekers: The Spiritual Journeys of the Baby Boom Generation (San Francisco: Harper Collins, 1993).
60. Zinnbauer et al., "Religion and Spirituality"; R. O. Scott, "Are You Religious or Are You Spiritual? A Look in the Mirror," Spirituality and Health (Spring 2001): 26-28.
61. Robert C. Fuller, Spiritual, but Not Religious: Understanding Unchurched America (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001).
62. Penny Long Marler and C. Kirk Hadaway, " 'Being Religious' or 'Being Spiritual' in America: A Zero-Sum Proposition?" Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 41 (2002): 289-300.
63. Leila Shahabi, Lynda H. Powell, Marc A. Musick, Kenneth I. Pargament, Carl E. Thoresen, David Williams, Lynn Underwood, and Marcia A. Ory, "Correlates of Self-Perceptions of Spirituality in American Adults," Annals of Behavioral Medicine 24 (2002): 59-68.
64. Fuller, Spiritual, but Not Religious, 7.
65. Roof, Generation of Seekers.
66. Zinnbauer et al., "Religion and Spirituality"; Fuller, Spiritual, but Not Religious; Stark, Exploring the Religious Life.
67. Fuller, Spiritual, but Not Religious, 17.
68. Marler and Hadaway, " 'Being Religious.' " 10 In the U.S., atheist is a highly stigmatized social status. See Penny Edgell, Joseph Gerteis, and Douglas Hartmann, "Atheists as 'Other,' " American Sociological Review 71 (2006): 211-234.
69. Stark, Exploring the Religious Life.
70. Max Weber, The Sociology of Religion (Boston: Beacon Press, 1993 [orig. publ. 1922]), 162-163.
71. Brian D'Onofrio, Lindon Eaves, Lenn Murrelle, Hermine Maes, and Bernard Spilka, "Understanding Biological and Social Influences on Religious Affiliation, Attitudes, and Behaviors: A Behavior Genetic Perspective," Journal of Personality 67 (1999): 953-984.
72. Lewis Goldberg, "The Structure of Phenotypic Personality Traits," American Psychologist 48 (1993): 26-34.
73. Oliver John and Sanjay Srivastava, "The Big-Five Trait Taxonomy: History, Measurement, and Theoretical Perspectives," in Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research, 2d ed., ed. Lawrence Pervin and Oliver John (New York: Guilford Press, 1999), 102-39.
74. Gordon Allport, "Personality and Character," Psychological Bulletin 18 (1921): 441-455.
75. Gordon Allport and H. S. Odbert, "Trait-Names: A Psycho-lexical Study," Psychological Monographs 47 (1936): 1, whole no. 211.
76. Robert McCrae, "The Five-Factor Model: Issues and Applications [Special Issue]," Journal of Personality 60, no. 2 (1992).
77. David Schmitt and David Buss, "Sexual Dimensions of Person Description: Beyond or Subsumed by the Big Five?" Journal of Research in Personality 34 (2000): 141-177.
78. Michael Ashton, Kibeom Lee, and Lewis Goldberg, "A Hierarchical Analysis of 1,710 English Personality-Descriptive Adjectives," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 87 (2004): 707-21.
79. Robert Emmons, "Religion in the Psychology of Personality: An Introduction," Journal of Personality 67 (1000): 873-88.
80. Douglas MacDonald, "Spirituality: Description, Measurement, and Relation to the Five-Factor Model of Personality," Journal of Personality 68 (2000): 153-97.
81. Ralph Piedmont, "Does Spirituality Represent the Sixth Factor of Personality? Spiritual Transcendence and the Five-Factor Model. Journal of Personality 67 (1999): 985-1014.
82. Vassilis Saroglou, "Religion and the Five Factors of Personality: A Meta-analytic Review," Personality and Individual Differences 32 (2002): 15-25.
83. Samuel Gosling, Peter Rentfrow, and William Swann, "A Very Brief Measure of the Big-Five Personality Domains," Journal of Research in Personality 37 (2003): 504-528.
84. Saroglou, "Religion and the Five Factors of Personality," 15-25.
85. Russell Eisenman, Jan Grossman, and Ronald Goldstein, "Undergraduate Marijuana Use as Related to Internal Sensation Novelty Seeking and Openness to Experience," Journal of Clinical Psychology 36 (1980): 1013-19.
86. Andrew Kohut, John Green, Scott Keeter, and Robert Toth, The Diminishing Divide (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2000).
87. Stark and Finke, Acts of Faith, 57.
88. Max Müller, Lectures on the Origin and Growth of Religion as Illustrated by the Religions of India (London: Longmans Green, 1880), 218.
89. Anthony F. C. Wallace, Religion: An Anthropological View (New York: Random House, 1966), 264-65.
90. Peter Berger, "A Bleak Outlook Is Seen for Religion," The New York Times, April 25, 1968, p. 3.
91. Ariela Keysar, Egon Mayer, and Barry A. Kosmin, "No Religion: A Profile of America's Unchurched," Public Perspective 14 (2003): 28-32.
92. Stark, Exploring the Religious Life, ch. 6.
93. James R. Kluegel, "Denominational Mobility," Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 19 (1980): 26-39.
94. Darren E. Sherkat and John Wilson, "Preferences, Constraints, and Choices in Religious Markets," Social Forces 73 (1995): 993-1026.
95. Paul Froese, The Plot to Kill God: Findings from the Soviet Experiment in Secularization (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008).
96. H. Allen Orr, review of The God Delusion by Richard Dawkins, New York Review of Books, January 11, 2007.
97. Terry Eagleton, review of The God Delusion by Richard Dawkins, London Review of Books, October 2006.
98. Michael Novak, "Remembering the Secular Age," First Things, June/ July 2007.
99. Richard Cimino and Christopher Smith, "Secular Humanism and Atheism beyond Progressive Secularism," Sociology of Religion 68 (2007): 407-424.
100. Alexander Yakovlev, A Century of Violence in the Soviet Union (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002).
101. William Sims Bainbridge and Rodney Stark, "Superstitions: Old and New," Skeptical Inquirer 4 (1980): 18-31.
102. John W. Fox, "The Structure, Stability, and Social Antecedents of Reported Paranormal Experiences," Sociological Analysis 53 (1992): 417-31.
103. Erich Goode, Paranormal Beliefs: A Sociological Introduction (Prospect Heights, Ill.: Waveland Press, 2000).
104. Tom W. Rice, "Believe It or Not: Religious and Other Paranormal Beliefs in the United States," Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 42, no. 1 (2003): 95-106.
105. H. Richard Niebuhr, The Social Sources of Denominationalism (New York: Henry Holt, 1929), 19.
106. Bernard Lang, Monotheism and the Prophetic Majority (Sheffield: The Almond Press, 1983), 68.
107. Stark, Rise of Christianity.
108. Rodney Stark, Discovering God (San Francisco: Harper One, 2007).
109. Stark, Discovering God.
110. J. Gordon Melton, The Encyclopedia of American Religions. 7th ed. (Detroit: Gale Cengage, 2002).
111. Stark and Bainbridge, Future of Religion, ch. 18.
112. Gallup poll in Carroll, Johnson, and Marty, Religion in America.
113. Stark, Exploring the Religious Life, ch. 6.
114. Tobin and Weinberg, Religious Identity and Behavior of College Faculty.
115. Harvey Cox, quoted in Kevin Phillips, American Theocracy (New York: Penguin Books, 2007).
116. Michelle Goldberg, Kingdom Coming: The Rise of Christian Nationalism (New York: W. W. Norton, 2006).
117. Rabbi James Rudin, The Baptizing of America: The Religious Right's Plans for the Rest of Us (New York: Thunder Mouth Press, 2006).
118. Philip Hamburger, Separation of Church and State (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2002).
119. David Barton, The Myth of Separation (Aledo, Tex.: WallBuilder Press, 1993).
120. Paul Blanshard, American Freedom and Catholic Power (Boston: Beacon Press, 1958 [orig. publ. 1949]), 346.
121. Jerry Z. Park and Joseph Baker, "What Would Jesus Buy: American Consumption of Religious and Spiritual Material Goods," Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 46, no. 4 (2007): 501-517.
122. Robert Bellah, Richard Madsen, William M. Sullivan, Ann Swidler, and Steven M. Tipton, Habits of the Heart (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996 [orig. publ. 1985]), 33.
123. Putnam, Bowling Alone.
124. Robert Wuthnow, Loose Connections: Joining Together in America's Fragmented Communities (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998).
125. Christopher Jencks, "Who Gives to What?" in The Nonprofit Sector: A Research Handbook, ed. W. W. Powell (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1987).
126. John P. Bartkowski, Xiaohe Xu, and Martin L. Levin, "Religion and Child Development: Evidence from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study," Social Science Research 37, no. 1 (2008): 18-36.
127. Rajeev H. Dehejia, Thomas DeLeire, Erzo F. P. Luttmer, and Joshua Mitchell, "The Role of Religious and Social Organizations in the Lives of Disadvantaged Youth," NBER Working Paper No. W13369 (September 2007).
128. Linda D. Loury, "Does Church Attendance Really Increase Schooling?" Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 43, no. 1 (2004): 119-127.